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Noninvasive methods i.e. respiratory gas exchange, electromechanical properties of the muscles, integrated electromyograph and heart rate criteria have bveen used for the determination of the anaerobic threshold (AT). As it is the... more
Noninvasive methods i.e. respiratory gas exchange, electromechanical properties of the muscles, integrated electromyograph and heart rate criteria have bveen used for the determination of the anaerobic threshold (AT). As it is the simplest one, the heart rate method (ATllR) rapidly gained popularity among coaches. The concordance and the exceptional ly high correlation (r = 0.99) between AT IIR and blood lactate threshold (AT LA) repetitiously reported by the same laboratory pointed out the need for an external validation. The main purpose of this study was to compare the ATHR with the ATLA' Stride pattern alteration in relation to threshold response was also studied. Twenty two elite male runners (X ± SO = 26.3 ± 5.2 yr, 173 ± 6.0 cm, 65.3 ± 7.4 kg and 68.9 ± 3.7 ml/kg min/02max) performed two maximal multistage running field tests on a 183.9 m indoor track with inclined turns. The initial speed of 9 km/h was increased by n.5 km/h every lap for the AT IIR test and by 1 km/h ev...
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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a vital role in protecting endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical exercise stimulates the mobilization of EPCs, and along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),... more
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a vital role in protecting endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical exercise stimulates the mobilization of EPCs, and along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promotes EPC differentiation, and contributes to vasculogenesis. The present meta-analysis examines the exercise-induced EPC mobilization and has an impact on VEGF in patients with CVD and healthy individuals. Database research was conducted (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials) by using an appropriate algorithm to indicate the exercise-induced EPC mobilization studies. Eligibility criteria included EPC measurements following exercise in patients with CVD and healthy individuals. A continuous random effect model meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42019128122) was used to calculate mean differences in EPCs (between baseline and post-exercise values or between an experimental and control group). A total of 1460 participants (36 studies) wer...
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This study examined the specific effects of a 6-month training program on the physical performance characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) athletes. Seventy-one female rhythmic gymnasts and 81 non-gymnasts (total, 152) were divided... more
This study examined the specific effects of a 6-month training program on the physical performance characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) athletes. Seventy-one female rhythmic gymnasts and 81 non-gymnasts (total, 152) were divided into four age categories: 8–10 yrs, 11–12 yrs, 13–14 yrs, and 15–17 yrs. Field measurements of speed, muscular strength, jumping ability, explosive power, and flexibility were made before and after a 6-month training program. The analysis of covariance, using as covariate the initial values, indicated that RG athletes attained the best scores in speed (p < 0.001), jumping ability (p < 0.001), and sit-ups (p < 0.001) and were more flexible than the control group in the sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01) and shoulder flexibility measurements (p < 0.001). In addition, gymnasts showed significant progress and obtained the highest scores in the majority of the tests as compared to the control group after 6 months of training. When measuring hip f...
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Research Interests: Psychology and Normative
Methods Sixteen males (age: 20.7±1.1 yrs., height: 174.4±4.6 cm, and body mass: 71.7±8.1 kg) performed 6 sets of 10 repetitions with 2 min of rest in the squat exercise (bending down to 65±6.3° knee angle). The initial load was 74.9±0.8%... more
Methods Sixteen males (age: 20.7±1.1 yrs., height: 174.4±4.6 cm, and body mass: 71.7±8.1 kg) performed 6 sets of 10 repetitions with 2 min of rest in the squat exercise (bending down to 65±6.3° knee angle). The initial load was 74.9±0.8% of the 1RM and decreased throughout the exercise bout when the subjects were assisted to perform the required number of repetitions (63.3±10.2% at the 6 th set). Before the execution of the protocol, immediately after and 30 minutes after the end of the protocol, the subjects performed 4 repetitions (as fast as possible) with the loads of 40% and 80% of 1RM, and a maximum isometric knee extension. The EMG activity of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and rectus femoris (RF) was recorded during the concentric phase of the lift and the isometric knee extension. Vertical displacement of the loads as a function of time was monitored with a linear encoder attached on the barbell and interfaced to an electronic microprocessor (MuscleLab, Model ...
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Although published studies have indicated the effectiveness of strength exercise for improving muscle strength and functional and neuromotor performance in older adults, there is limited evidence concerning the effects and the intensity... more
Although published studies have indicated the effectiveness of strength exercise for improving muscle strength and functional and neuromotor performance in older adults, there is limited evidence concerning the effects and the intensity of a resistance exercise programme. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week high- and moderate-resistance exercise programme on functional and neuromotor performance in healthy, inactive older adults. In total, 33 sedentary people (aged 60–74years) were assigned to one of three groups: control; high resistance exercise; and moderate resistance exercise. All three groups were evaluated in the pre- and post-exercise period using the 6-minute walk test, whole body reaction time and one leg stance time. After the exercise period, both resistance exercise groups significantly improved their lower body strength, functional performance (as measured by the 6-minute walk test), whole body reaction time and one leg stance time. Functional and neu...
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The aim of the this study was to establish age- and gender-specific physical fitness normative values and to compare percentiles and Z scores values in a large, nationwide sample of Greek children aged 6-18 years. From March 2014 to May... more
The aim of the this study was to establish age- and gender-specific physical fitness normative values and to compare percentiles and Z scores values in a large, nationwide sample of Greek children aged 6-18 years. From March 2014 to May 2014, a total of 424,328 boys and girls aged 6-18 years who attended school in Greece were enrolled. The studied sample was representative, in terms of age-sex distribution and geographical region. Physical fitness tests (i.e. 20 m shuttle run test (SRT), standing long jump, sit and reach, sit-ups, and 10 × 5 m SRT) were performed and used to calculate normative values, using the percentiles of the empirical distributions and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. Normative values were presented as tabulated percentiles for five health-related fitness tests based on a large data set comprising 424,328 test performances. Boys typically scored higher than girls on cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility...
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The aim of this study was to examine the changes of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) during a 400-m front crawl swimming trial. Eleven well-trained competitive swimmers (age: 17.6+/-0.8 years, mean+/-SE) performed a 400-m... more
The aim of this study was to examine the changes of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) during a 400-m front crawl swimming trial. Eleven well-trained competitive swimmers (age: 17.6+/-0.8 years, mean+/-SE) performed a 400-m front-crawl trial with maximum effort (296.2+/-4.76 s). Then, on different days they swam a 300-m, 200-m and 100-m trials at a velocity corresponding to the 400-m trial. Measurements of PImax from residual volume at upright body position before and immediately after each trial were conducted using a portable mouth pressure meter. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure did not change significantly after the 100-m and 200-m trial compared to baseline (131.8+/-9.7 and 123.7+/-10.3 vs. 140.9+/-8.9 cmH(2)O, P>0.05). However, PImax was significantly lower after the 300-m (118.8+/-7 cmH(2)O, P=0.02) and 400-m trials (118.1+/-9.9 cmH(2)O, P=0.01). These results indicate that during a maximum effort of 400-m front crawl, the reduction of inspiratory muscle strength...
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Few studies have determined the effects of a heavy resistance training on vertical jump performance in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week heavy resistance training in vertical jump and... more
Few studies have determined the effects of a heavy resistance training on vertical jump performance in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week heavy resistance training in vertical jump and functional performance in healthy, inactive, older women. Seventeen sedentary older women (aged 53-69 years) were assigned either to a control (C, n=8), or to a heavy resistance training (RT, n=9). The RT group trained knee extensors and flexors at 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Both groups were evaluated in 1-RM lower body strength, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and chair rising time, before and after the training period. After the training period, RT significantly improved (P<0.001) the 1-RM lower body strength, SJ, CMJ height, and chair rising by 68.9%, 24.5%, 21.7%, and 13%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among the percent (%) change in 1-RM lower body strength ...
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Little is known about the detraining and retraining effects of exercise in patients with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of training, detraining, and retraining, using a combined strength and... more
Little is known about the detraining and retraining effects of exercise in patients with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of training, detraining, and retraining, using a combined strength and aerobic exercise program on glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes. Thirteen postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (n = 13, age: 55.8 ± 5.1 years) followed a supervised aerobic and strength training program for 9 months, which was interrupted for 3 months (detraining) and resumed again for a period of 9 months (retraining). Anthropometric characteristics, glycemic control, and physical fitness were determined at baseline and after 9, 12, and 21 months. Training induced a small reduction in body mass index (BMI: -3.3%, 95% CI -5.1 to -1.5%), a moderate decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG: -12.0%, 95% CI -20.70 to -3.2%), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c: -4.7%, 95% CI -12.1 to 2.7%), and a large decrease in postprandial glucose (PPG: - 12.1%, 95% CI -20.2 to -4.1%). In addition, there was an increase in power output (20.2%, 95% CI 6.9 to 33.6%) and total muscle strength (33.8%, 95% CI 21.4 to 46.1%). Detraining reversed PPG, HbA1c, and physical fitness. Resumption of training, however, led to a moderate decrease in BMI (-5.4%, 95% CI -8.1 to -2.7%), PPG (-9.5%, 95% CI -19.4 to 0.3%), and HbA1c (-6.8%, 95% CI -14.1 to 0.5%), and to large changes in FPG (-20.9%, 95% CI -31.9 to -9.9%), power output (33.1%, 95% CI 17.9 to 48.4%) and total muscle strength (48.2%, 95% CI 34.0 to 62.4%) compared to baseline. Thus, systematic training improves body composition, glycemic control and physical fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cessation of exercise brings about negative alterations, while retraining restores all beneficial adaptations and improves them even more. Therefore, diabetic patients should follow a regular and an uninterrupted exercise program throughout life in order to control glucose metabolism and improve health.
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Research Interests: Genetics, Obesity, Polymorphism, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, and 15 moreMedicine, Family history, Insulin Resistance, Internal Medicine, Heart Disease, Clinical Sciences, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Gene Polymorphism, Genotype, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary heart disease, Odds ratio, Genotyping, confounding, and Gene Polymorphisms
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The recovery duration and the work to recovery ratio are important aspects to consider when designing a high-intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIIE). This study examined the effects of recovery duration on total exercise time performed... more
The recovery duration and the work to recovery ratio are important aspects to consider when designing a high-intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIIE). This study examined the effects of recovery duration on total exercise time performed above 80, 90 and 95% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and heart rate (HRmax) during a single-bout HIIE. We also evaluated the effects on VO2 and HR kinetics, blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Eleven moderately trained males (22.1±1 yrs.) executed, on three separate sessions, 4×4-min runs at 90% of maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) with 2-min, 3-min and 4-min of active recovery. Recovery duration did not affect the percentage of VO2max attained and the total exercise time above 80, 90 and 95% of VO2max. Exercise time above 80 and 90% of HRmax was longer with 2 and 3 min (p<0.05) as compared with the 4-min recovery. Oxygen uptake and HR amplitude were lower, mean response time slower (p<0.05), and blood lact...
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Attitudes towards exercise and physical activity behaviours in Greek schoolchildren after a year long health education intervention
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Aim: Soccer is characterized as an intense intermittent team sport. Heart rate (HR) is used to monitor the players’ training response, as well as to quantify microcycle and mesocycle training intensity during preseason and in-season... more
Aim: Soccer is characterized as an intense intermittent team sport. Heart rate (HR) is used to monitor the players’ training response, as well as to quantify microcycle and mesocycle training intensity during preseason and in-season periods. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the preseason training intensity distribution in elite soccer players and then examine the relationship between HR distribution and changes in aerobic fitness. Material…
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ObjectiveΤo summarize and present the main guidelines for exercise during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsRelevant guidelines were retrieved through the electronic databases PubMed... more
ObjectiveΤo summarize and present the main guidelines for exercise during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsRelevant guidelines were retrieved through the electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), CENTRAL (Cochrane), and Embase; reference sections of the retrieved publications; proceedings of the main congresses in the field; and websites of relevant organizations published during the years 2000–2018.ResultsAll guidelines recommend aerobic training from 60 to 150 min/week, with an upper limit of 30 min/day. Exercise is safe, even on a daily basis. Resistance exercise is suggested by five national guidelines (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK). Discrepancies exist regarding the recommended intensity of exercise. Canada, Japan, Spain, and the UK use both objective (heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption) and subjective criteria (Borg’s Scale and talk test) to determine the effectiveness and safety of exercise. Only Canada provides specific recommendations, according to the woman’s age and level of physical condition. Women with GDM on no insulin treatment do not need to take extra precautions during exercise. However, due to their condition of hyperglycemia, they must comply with the recommendation issued for type 2 diabetes. The prescription and supervision of exercise should be carried out in a similar way as for uncomplicated pregnancies. Finally, women with GDM on insulin treatment need to follow the same recommendations as for those for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.ConclusionHealth professionals must be informed about the correct planning and execution of physical exercise programs so as to safely achieve the maximum effectiveness of exercise-induced health-related benefits in pregnant women.
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Although the popularity of rock climbing is increasing among young people, the research on physiological responses during this activity has been limited to elite climbers. The aim of this study was to examine blood lactate and heart rate... more
Although the popularity of rock climbing is increasing among young people, the research on physiological responses during this activity has been limited to elite climbers. The aim of this study was to examine blood lactate and heart rate response during rock climbing in beginner climbers. This study also examined the changes in handgrip strength, arm and shoulder endurance, and blood lactate, on account of rock climbing. Ten subjects 13-20 years old, volunteered to climb an artificial wooden climbing wall 12 meters long. The routes’ difficulty was quantified as 5a on the European numerical scale. Fingertip blood samples were obtained before, 3-, and 5- min after exercise and analyzed for lactate (Dr Lange). Changes in maximum and mean handgrip force after climbing, were determined in kg using an electronic dynamometer. Changes in arm and shoulder endurance were determined using the ‘bent arm hang test’. Results showed that maximum heart rate (HR) values reached the 92% of the predic...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the rest-retest reliability of the Eurofit motor fitness tests performed by university students. A total of 98 undergraduate students who were enrolled in physical education departments in Greece... more
The purpose of this study was to examine the rest-retest reliability of the Eurofit motor fitness tests performed by university students. A total of 98 undergraduate students who were enrolled in physical education departments in Greece participated (29 men aged 19.5 ± 2.7 hr. and 66 women aged 19, 4 ± 2.7 yr.). ALL Eurofit motor fitness tests and anthropometric measurements were obtained twice with one week between the two measurements, Intraclass correlation coefficient indicated satisfactory coefficients above .70 for most tests. The only exception was the plate-tapping test which yielded a low value ( R = .57). Further, the majority of the Eurofit test battery fitted well within the 95% confidence interval, and only three Eurofit motor fitness test items (flamingo balance, plate tapping, and sit-ups) presented a confidence limit below the value of .70, These findings indicated that the Eurofit test battery yielded reliable data for undergraduate students. However, modifications should be considered to improve the reliability of certain test items, for application to undergraduates.
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To avoid any improper training load, the speed of endurance training needs to be regularly adjusted. Both the lactate threshold (LT) velocity and the velocity corresponding to the maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) are valid and reliable... more
To avoid any improper training load, the speed of endurance training needs to be regularly adjusted. Both the lactate threshold (LT) velocity and the velocity corresponding to the maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) are valid and reliable indices of swimming aerobic endurance and commonly used for evaluation and training pace adjustment. Alternatively, critical velocity (CV), defined as the velocity that can be maintained without exhaustion and assessed from swimming performance of various distances, is a valid, reliable, and practical index of swimming endurance, although the selection of the proper distances is a determinant factor. Critical velocity may be 3-6 and 8-11% faster compared with MLSS and LT, respectively. Interval swimming at CV will probably show steady-lactate concentration when the CV has been calculated by distances of 3- to 15-minute duration, and this is more evident in adult swimmers, whereas increasing or decreasing lactate concentration may appear in young and children swimmers. Therefore, appropriate corrections should be made to use CV for training pace adjustment. Findings in young and national level adult swimmers suggest that repetitions of distances of 100-400 m, and velocities corresponding to a CV range of 98-102% may be used for pacing aerobic training, training at the MLSS, and possibly training for improvement of VO2max. Calculation of CV from distances of 200-400, 50-100-200-400, or 100-800 m is an easy and practical method to assess aerobic endurance. This review intends to study the physiological responses and the feasibility of using CV for aerobic endurance evaluation and training pace adjustment, to help coaches to prescribe training sets for different age-group swimmers.
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This study examines the efficacy of critical swimming velocity (CV) for training prescription and monitoring the changes induced on aerobic endurance after a period of increased training volume in young swimmers. An experimental group (E:... more
This study examines the efficacy of critical swimming velocity (CV) for training prescription and monitoring the changes induced on aerobic endurance after a period of increased training volume in young swimmers. An experimental group (E: n = 7; age: 13.3 ± 1.3 years), which participated in competitive training was tested at the beginning (W0), the sixth week (W6), and 14th week (W14) to compare the changes of aerobic endurance indexes (CV; lactate threshold [LT]; velocity corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol · L: V4). A control group (C: n = 7; age: 14.1 ± 1.6 years), which refrained from competitive training, was used to observe maturation effects and was tested for CV changes between W0 and W14. The average weekly training volume was increased after the sixth week in the E group and was unchanged for the C group. The CV was not different between or within groups at W0 and W14 (p > 0.05). The LT of the E group was no different compared to V4 and CV at W0 and W...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on sprint swimming performance after low- and high-intensity active recovery (AR) as compared to passive recovery. Ten male competitive swimmers (age: 17.9 ± 2.3 years; body mass: 73.2... more
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on sprint swimming performance after low- and high-intensity active recovery (AR) as compared to passive recovery. Ten male competitive swimmers (age: 17.9 ± 2.3 years; body mass: 73.2 ± 4.0 kg; height: 1.81 ± 0.04 m, 100-m best time: 54.90 ± 1.96 seconds) performed 8 × 25-m sprints with 120-second rest intervals followed by a 50-m sprint 6 minutes later. During the 120-second and the 6-minute interval periods swimmers rested passively (PAS) or swam at an intensity of 40% (ACT40; 36 ± 8% of the V(O2)max) and 60% (ACT60; 59 ± 7% of the V(O2)max) of their individual 100-m velocity. Performance time of the 8 × 25-m after ACT60 was slower compared with PAS and ACT40, but no difference was observed between ACT40 and PAS conditions (PAS: 12.15 ± 0.48, ACT40: 12.23 ± 0.54, ACT60: 12.35 ± 0.57 seconds, p < 0.05). Performance time of the 50-m sprint was no different between conditions (PAS: 26.45 ± 0.91; ACT40: 26.30 ± 1.18; ACT60: 26.2...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a specific warm-up using half-squats at low and moderate intensity on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity of the thigh muscles. The subjects were 26 men who... more
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a specific warm-up using half-squats at low and moderate intensity on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity of the thigh muscles. The subjects were 26 men who were divided into a low intensity group (LIG; n = 13) and a moderate intensity group (MIG; n = 13). The LIG performed a specific warm-up protocol that included the explosive execution of half-squats with loads 25 and 35% of the one repetition maximum (1RM) and the MIG with loads 45 and 65% of the 1RM. The two groups performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) before and three minutes after the specific warm-up protocols. During the concentric phase of the CMJ a linear encoder connected to an A/D converter interfaced to a PC with a software for data acquisition and analysis allowed the calculation of average mechanical power. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded during ...
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Purpose: This study examines the influence of aerobic exercise intervention on obesity, lipid profile and hemodynamic adaptations in individuals with intellectual disability with the Down Syndrome (DS) or without the Down Syndrome (NDS).... more
Purpose: This study examines the influence of aerobic exercise intervention on obesity, lipid profile and hemodynamic adaptations in individuals with intellectual disability with the Down Syndrome (DS) or without the Down Syndrome (NDS). Methods: Forty six institutionalized individuals (n=46), aged 36.02±8.50 yrs, were divided into three groups: DS (n=14), NDS (n=22) and control (n=10). Measurements on anthropometric characteristics (body mass, BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference), plasma blood lipids (TGs: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, HDLC, LDL-C) and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) were obtained before and after a 12-week aerobic training program. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac index were determined using specific equations. Results: Significant health-related adaptations were observed after a 12-week intervention on anthropometric characteristics in both training groups (DS and NDS; body mass: 1.76 and -2.5%; BMI: -1.76 and -2.63%; waist circumference: -4...
espanolEl consumo maximo de oxigeno (VO2 max.) es un indice que refleja la condicion fisica de un individuo y la capacidad de los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio (Taylor, 1955). Sin embargo, la obtencion directa de este valor exige... more
espanolEl consumo maximo de oxigeno (VO2 max.) es un indice que refleja la condicion fisica de un individuo y la capacidad de los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio (Taylor, 1955). Sin embargo, la obtencion directa de este valor exige la utilizacion de un material sofisticado, un personal especializado, a un costo elevado. Ademas, la ejecucion de un test maximo envuelve ciertos factores de riesgo importantes, asi como un grado de motivacion elevado por parte del ejecutante. Numerosos son los metodos desarrollados para precedir el VO2 max, a partir de la relacion existente entre la frecuencia cardiaca (Fe) y el consumo de oxigeno (VO2) (Astrand, 1960; Margaria et al., 1965; Montoye, 1975; Wyndhiam et al., 1967) pero estos metodos presentan generalmente problemas de validacion (Davies, 1968; Glassford et al., 1965; Legge et Banister, 1986; Louhevaara et al., 1980; Roweiletal., 1964). El metodo mas usualmente utilizado es el de extrapolacion a partir de la relacion entre la Fe y el...
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Resistance Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation. New evidence indicates that the improvement of muscular strength plays an important role in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It promotes their physical condition and allows... more
Resistance Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation. New evidence indicates that the improvement of muscular strength plays an important role in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It promotes their physical condition and allows cardiac patients to cope in a better way the required daily tasks.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of a specific vibration program with exercise-training on bone mass density (BMD) and body composition, for a period of eight months, in healthy and osteoporotic... more
The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of a specific vibration program with exercise-training on bone mass density (BMD) and body composition, for a period of eight months, in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Forty seven, postmenopausal women were divided into five groups: exercise group of healthy women (n=10), vibration group of healthy women (n=13), control group of healthy women (n=9), exercise group of osteoporotic women (n=7) and vibration group of osteoporotic women (n=8). The exercise groups participated in a) a supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise program b) a vibration exercise training on a vertical whole body vibration platform (35-40Hz, 1.5mm).At the end of the study, an increase in the BMD of lumbar spine L2-L4 was observed in the healthy exercise group (+1.23%, p<.05), as well as a positive trend in the osteoporotic exercise group, maintenance in the vibration groups, and decrease in the control group (-...
Effects of Training and Detraining in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.There is no sufficient data to illustrate the effects of detraining in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We inves- tigated the decline of positive... more
Effects of Training and Detraining in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.There is no sufficient data to illustrate the effects of detraining in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We inves- tigated the decline of positive adaptations that occur after a short period of training interruption in patients who previously underwent systematic training. Four- teen patients with documented CAD participated in a supervised exercise program for a period of 8 months (two sessions of aerobic exercise: 60-85 % of maximum heart rate achieved during stress test and two sessions of strength training at 60 % of 1 repetition maximum - 1RM). Upon completion of the training, patients were followed for the next three months. Body composition measure- ments, cardiopulmonary stress-testing as well as muscu- lar strength for six exercises were applied at baseline, after 8 months of the program and 3 months after training cessation. Data were analyzed with ANOVA for repeated measures and the Tuk...
Preliminary observations on individual freely chosen stride patterns during running at various velocities demonstrated discrepancies from those reported in the literature. This phenomenon was further investiga ted in relation to energy... more
Preliminary observations on individual freely chosen stride patterns during running at various velocities demonstrated discrepancies from those reported in the literature. This phenomenon was further investiga ted in relation to energy cost in 9 elite runners (X ± s, age: 27 ± 4.5 yr, height: 174.9 ± 2.5 cm, weight: 65.9 ± 6.3 kg and V02max : 67.4 ± 3.7 ml kg-I min~I). All runners had previous treadmill experience and performed a maximal multistage test. Initial treadmill speed of 9 km/h was increased by 1 km/h every 2 min. Measurements of stride frequency (accelerometer) and V02 (Douglas bag method) started at 11 km/h. As with V02 , the average values of stride length and stride frequency increase linearly with running speed, yielding high correlations in all cases (r > 0.99). The freely chosen stride pattern of individual runners however, was not always consistent with the average pattern. Discrepan cies were more pronounced at low speeds, although they also occurred at high ...
BACKGROUND Amifostine is an important broad spectrum cytoprotective agent approved for protection during fractionated radiotherapy. The daily dose of amifostine used, however, is arbitrarily chosen and low compared to the actual tolerable... more
BACKGROUND Amifostine is an important broad spectrum cytoprotective agent approved for protection during fractionated radiotherapy. The daily dose of amifostine used, however, is arbitrarily chosen and low compared to the actual tolerable dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cohorts of mice (n=6) were treated with one up to 4 consecutive fractions of 6 Gy of whole-body γ-irradiation ((60)Co), supported with increasing daily subcutaneous (s.c.) doses of amifostine (10 mg/g-300 mg/g). Survival and weight loss were monitored. Histopathological analysis was performed in mice receiving 3 × 6 Gy. RESULTS By increasing the amifostine dose from 13 to 50 mg and to 160 mg/g, the 50% lethal dose of radiotherapy increased from 2 × 6 Gy to 3 × 6 Gy and to 4 × 6 Gy, respectively. To keep the median weight loss to less than 25% of the initial weight, the dose of amifostine demanded was 23 mg/g, 68 mg/g and 121 mg/g, for 2 × 6 Gy, 3 × 6 Gy and 4 × 6 Gy, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed a ne...
Research Interests: Survival Analysis, Gamma Rays, Liver, Mice, Weight Loss, and 6 moreAnimals, Male, Intestines, VIVO, Body Weight, and amifostine
1730 Board #324 May 28 9:30 AM 11:00 AM Pituitary-thyroid Hormone Responses Following Resistance Exercise Performed At Submaximal Movement Velocity Anastassios Philippou, Ilias Smilios, Savvas Tokmakidis, Michael Koutsilieris, Roxane... more
1730 Board #324 May 28 9:30 AM 11:00 AM Pituitary-thyroid Hormone Responses Following Resistance Exercise Performed At Submaximal Movement Velocity Anastassios Philippou, Ilias Smilios, Savvas Tokmakidis, Michael Koutsilieris, Roxane Tenta. Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece. School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece. School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. Email: tfilipou@med.uoa.gr
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The present study examined the short-term effects of loaded half squats (HSs) and loaded jump squats (JSs) with low and moderate loads on the squat jump (SJ) and the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance using a contrast training... more
The present study examined the short-term effects of loaded half squats (HSs) and loaded jump squats (JSs) with low and moderate loads on the squat jump (SJ) and the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance using a contrast training approach. Ten men (mean +/- SD age, 23 +/- 1.8 years) performed the HS and JS exercises twice with loads of 30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) (HS30% and JS30%, respectively) and 60% of 1RM (HS60% and JS60%, respectively). On each occasion, 3 sets of 5 repetitions with 3 minutes of rest were performed as fast as possible. Vertical jump performance was measured before exercise, 1 minute after each set, and at the fifth and 10th minutes of recovery. The CMJ increased significantly after the first and second set (3.9%; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) compared with preexercise values following the JS30% protocol and 3.3% after the second and third sets of the JS60% protocol. Following the HS60% protocol, CMJ increased after the first and the second sets (3.6%; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) compared with preexercise values, whereas SQ increased only after the first set (4.9%; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in this condition. These data show that contrast loading with the use of low and moderate loads can cause a short-term increase in CMJ performance. The applied loads do not seem to present different short-term effects after loaded JSs. When the classic form of dynamic HS exercise is performed, however, at least a moderate load (60% of 1RM) needs to be applied.
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This study examined the effects of a progressive resistance training program in addition to soccer training on the physical capacities of male adolescents. Eighteen soccer players (age: 12-15 years) were separated in a soccer (SOC; n = 9)... more
This study examined the effects of a progressive resistance training program in addition to soccer training on the physical capacities of male adolescents. Eighteen soccer players (age: 12-15 years) were separated in a soccer (SOC; n = 9) and a strength-soccer (STR; n = 9) training group and 8 subjects of similar age constituted a control group. All players followed a soccer training program 5 times a week for the development of technical and tactical skills. In addition, the STR group followed a strength training program twice a week for 16 weeks. The program included 10 exercises, and at each exercise, 2-3 sets of 8-15 repetitions with a load 55-80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Maximum strength ([1RM] leg press, bench-press), jumping ability (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], repeated jumps for 30 seconds) running speed (30 m, 10 x 5-m shuttle run), flexibility (seat and reach), and soccer technique were measured at the beginning, after 8 weeks, and at the end of the training period. After 16 weeks of training, 1RM leg press, 10 x 5-m shuttle run speed, and performance in soccer technique were higher (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) for the STR and the SOC groups than for the control group. One repetition maximum bench press and leg press, SJ and CMJ height, and 30-m speed were higher (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) for the STR group compared with SOC and control groups. The above data show that soccer training alone improves more than normal growth maximum strength of the lower limps and agility. The addition of resistance training, however, improves more maximal strength of the upper and the lower body, vertical jump height, and 30-m speed. Thus, the combination of soccer and resistance training could be used for an overall development of the physical capacities of young boys.
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This study examined the effects of the number of sets on testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone (hGH) responses after maximum strength (MS), muscular hypertrophy (MH), and strength endurance (SE) protocols. Eleven young men performed... more
This study examined the effects of the number of sets on testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone (hGH) responses after maximum strength (MS), muscular hypertrophy (MH), and strength endurance (SE) protocols. Eleven young men performed multi-joint dynamic exercises using MS (5 reps at 88% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM), 3-min rest) and MH (10 reps at 75% of 1-RM, 2-min rest) protocols with 2, 4, and 6 sets at each exercise; and an SE (15 reps at 60% of 1-RM, 1-min rest) with 2 and 4 sets. Hormonal concentrations were measured before exercise, immediately after, and at 15 and 30 min of recovery. The number of sets did not affect the hormonal responses after the MS protocol. Cortisol and hGH were higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) after the four-set compared with the two-set sessions in the MH and SE protocols. No differences were observed between the six-set and the four-set sessions in the MH protocol. Cortisol and hGH were higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than the MS after the SE and MH protocols, and only when four and six sets were performed in the latter. hGH was higher than the MH after the SE protocol, whether two or four sets were executed, whereas cortisol (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) was higher after the SE protocol only when two sets were performed. Testosterone did not change with any workout. The number of sets functions up to a point as a stimulus for increased hormonal concentrations in order to optimize adaptations with MH and SE protocols, and has no effect on a MS protocol. Furthermore, the number of sets may differentiate long-term adaptations with MS, MH, and SE protocols causing distinct hormonal responses.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a specific vibration programme with those of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and muscular strength in... more
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a specific vibration programme with those of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and muscular strength in post-menopausal women, over a period of 6 months. Thirty-two healthy, inactive post-menopausal women aged 46–62 years were divided into exercise (n = 10), vibration (n