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The main source of mercury (Hg) anthropogenic emissions is the combustion of hard and lignite coal in power plants. Reduction of Hg emissions from coal-based power production systems involves Hg removal from the fuel before... more
The main source of mercury (Hg) anthropogenic emissions is the combustion of hard and lignite coal in power plants. Reduction of Hg emissions from coal-based power production systems involves Hg removal from the fuel before combustion/gasification by thermal treatment (i.e., low-temperature pyrolysis). Herein, we present the results of laboratory and bench-scale studies on Hg removal from coal via thermal fuel treatment. The influence of the process temperature and coal residence time in the reaction zone on Hg removal efficiency and fuel parameters is studied. The properties of the process products are analyzed as follows: proximate and ultimate analysis for solids as well as H2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, organic compounds C2–C5, density, and HHV for gaseous. The results show a substantial reduction of Hg in the fuel using a low-temperature pyrolysis process. At moderate pyrolysis temperature provided Hg removal efficiencies of up to 50% for hard coal and over 90% for lignite, with a moder...
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State of art of commercial gasification technologies Review of world advance in gasification technology, made by US Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory [4, 5] indicates that 144 gasification installations... more
State of art of commercial gasification technologies Review of world advance in gasification technology, made by US Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory [4, 5] indicates that 144 gasification installations equipped with 427 reactors of total power 56 238 MWth (thermal power in produced gas) are in operation. It means that within the years 1980 ÷ 2007 over triple increase of world production of gas obtained by this method (from about 20 to 56 GW) was reported. Within the years 2004-2007, i.e. from the previous review of DOE/NETL, 27 new gasification installations were started up (11 237 MWth; increase by 25%). That concerns mainly coal gasification systems that produce gas for the chemical syntheses located in China. Further 41% increase will be reached at the end of 2010 (Fig. 2). [4, 5, 8]. Till 2010 the highest increase of production capacity of gasification installations was reported in Africa and Near East, but it concerns the systems for natural gas co...
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Domestic coal and waste resources, which are valuable sources of carbon, can support efforts to transform a linear economy into a circular carbon economy. Their use, as an alternative to conventional, imported fossil resources (crude oil,... more
Domestic coal and waste resources, which are valuable sources of carbon, can support efforts to transform a linear economy into a circular carbon economy. Their use, as an alternative to conventional, imported fossil resources (crude oil, natural gas) for chemical production, provides an opportunity for Poland to solve problems related to competitiveness, security of supply, and sustainable development in various industries. This is important for Poland because it can provide it with a long-term perspective of economic growth and development, taking into account global trends (e.g., the Paris Agreement) and EU legislation. The article presents a concept to support the transformation from linear toward a circular carbon economy under Polish conditions. The carried-out analyses showed that coal, RDF, and plastic waste fuels can be a valuable source of raw material for the development of the chemical industry in Poland. Due to the assumed availability of plastic waste and the loss of c...
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unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction The reasons for the development of fuel gasification technologies in power engineering and chemical industry that has been observed in recent years are high efficiency of the gasification process, the possibility of a... more
Introduction The reasons for the development of fuel gasification technologies in power engineering and chemical industry that has been observed in recent years are high efficiency of the gasification process, the possibility of a multi-purpose use of process gas in both energy production and chemical synthesis, as well as relatively small negative impact of those technologies on the natural environment. Besides the intensive development of fuel gasification technologies, fluidised bed gasification is drawing an increasing interest. Process temperatures lower than in entrained-flow reactors (below the temperature of ash melting) influence the reduction in investment and operation costs and improve the reliability and availability of the discussed technology. Moreover, fluidised bed reactors are considered to be an attractive alternative for gasification process in entrained-flow reactors due to their high performance, moderate oxygen and steam requirements, and high fuel flexibility...
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Thermodynamic analysis of a gasification process was conducted assuming that it is composed of two successive stages, namely: pyrolysis reaction followed by a stage of gasification reaction. This approach allows formulation the models of... more
Thermodynamic analysis of a gasification process was conducted assuming that it is composed of two successive stages, namely: pyrolysis reaction followed by a stage of gasification reaction. This approach allows formulation the models of selected gasification processes dominating in industrial applications namely: Shell (coal), SES (coal), and DFB (dual fluid bed, biomass) gasification. It was shown that the enthalpy of fuel formation is essential for the correctness of computed results. The specific computational formula for a wide range of fuels enthalpy of formation was developed. The following categories were evaluated in terms of energy balance: total reaction enthalpy of gasification process, enthalpy of pyrolysis reaction, enthalpy of gasification reaction, heat demand for pyrolysis reaction, and heat demand for gasification reactions. The discussion of heat demand for particular stages of gasification related to the various processes was performed concluding the importance o...
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... Piotr BURMISTRZ*, Tomasz CHMIELNIAK**, Aleksander KARCZ*, Marek ŒCIĄŻKO** ... Drobny żużel wydzielony w skruberze wraz z wodą zraszającą kierowany jest do osadnika, do którego doprowadzana jest również zanieczyszczona woda z... more
... Piotr BURMISTRZ*, Tomasz CHMIELNIAK**, Aleksander KARCZ*, Marek ŒCIĄŻKO** ... Drobny żużel wydzielony w skruberze wraz z wodą zraszającą kierowany jest do osadnika, do którego doprowadzana jest również zanieczyszczona woda z odwadniania żużla. ...
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Process model of demonstration plant for methanol production integrated with the carbon dioxide-enhanced gasification. Results of the national strategic research program Model procesowy demonstracyjnej instalacji produkcji metanolu zintegrowanej ze zgazowaniem węgla przy użyciu ditlenku węgla. Wy...more
Abstract A new technology for removing mercury from coal by mild thermal coal treatment using a rotary kiln is presented. Experiments performed at the large laboratory scale show that 93% of the mercury is removed; moreover, the thermal... more
Abstract A new technology for removing mercury from coal by mild thermal coal treatment using a rotary kiln is presented. Experiments performed at the large laboratory scale show that 93% of the mercury is removed; moreover, the thermal properties of the fuel obtained from the process are also improved. In this article, we describe the physicochemical characteristics of the fuel under the test conditions and the properties of the products obtained during the removal process. The experiments were performed in an appropriately modified test system, and the net mass and energy losses do not exceed 5%. An economic analysis indicates that the proposed technology is cost-competitive with existing methods for removing mercury from flue gases after combustion.
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ABSTRACT
The results of tests and experimental verification of the derived model to predict collection efficiency and pressure drop of the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW) design of a cyclone-type separator with a swirling baffle... more
The results of tests and experimental verification of the derived model to predict collection efficiency and pressure drop of the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW) design of a cyclone-type separator with a swirling baffle are presented. The experimental work contains the testing of the effect of gas flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor on separation efficiency
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The cyclone-type separator with swirling baffle and bottom take off of clean gas is a patented technique for separating solid particles from gases. Main relative dimensions of the separator are the same as given by Stairmand [C.J.... more
The cyclone-type separator with swirling baffle and bottom take off of clean gas is a patented technique for separating solid particles from gases. Main relative dimensions of the separator are the same as given by Stairmand [C.J. Stairmand, The design and performance of cyclone separators, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 29 (1951), 356–383] for the high efficiency cyclone. The principal part of the construction is the cylinder-shape swirling baffle with the flow gaps cut on its surface. The article presents the theoretical model of the new construction of cyclone-type separator with swirling baffle and bottom take off of clean gas. Calculational model to predict the collection efficiency was based on Leith and Licht cyclone calculational method [D. Leith, W. Licht, The collection efficiency of cyclone-type particle collectors — a new theoretical approach, AIChE Symp. Ser. 68 (126) (1972), 196–206]. The main assumption of the developed model is that the tangential velocity distribution is o...