This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
E-Learning offers many opportunities for individuals and institutions all over the world. Indiv... more E-Learning offers many opportunities for individuals and institutions all over the world. Individuals can access to education they need almost anytime and anywhere they are ready to. Institutions are able to provide more cost-effective training to their employees.
E-learning context is very important. It is common to find educators who perceive e-learning as internet-only education that encourages a static and content-focused series of text pages on screen. Others envisage the shallow and random online messages that are typical of a social real-time chat session, and wonder how that type of communication could add any value to academic discourse. Some may have experienced e-learning done poorly, and extrapolate their experience into a negative impression of all e-learning.
The book will examine the emergence and growth of e-learning. The use of the ‘e’ prefix indicates the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in government, finance, and all forms of socio-economic and community development.
Many of the institutions in the countries to be reviewed also make extensive use of traditional teaching and methods and media, so this book will not only consider e-learning and mobile or m-learning in isolation but in blended or mixed-mode learning, both in classroom environments and in distance education. It will examine and discuss.
This eBook is designed and presented in two volumes. The fist volume consists of the country cases of Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Jordan, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, and Morocco. The second volume gives a place to the country cases of Norway, Oman, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. So, the book consists of more than 70 authors from 39 different countries and from 42 universities and 14 institutions with company for all 42 chapters.
For almost a decade, ground-based measurements of the electric field (Ez) have been conducted con... more For almost a decade, ground-based measurements of the electric field (Ez) have been conducted continuously at Tel-Aviv University's Wise astronomical observatory, located in the Negev desert highland in southern Israel. The data enabled identifying the characteristics of Ez in fair weather, during dust storms, lightning activity and the passage of different cloud types overhead. We present new results of observations of the variability of the atmospheric electric field during several foggy days along with meteorological data of wind speed and relative humidity. The results show a substantial increase of the electric field (up to 400-650 V m-1) compared with the mean fair-weather values at the site (180-190 V m-1) during times of high values of relative humidity (>95%) and low wind speed (<3 m s-1). This increase is a consequence of the reduction in the conductivity at low levels due to the attachment of ions to fog droplets. We suggest that closely monitoring the electric ...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009
We analyzed sequences of lightning flashes in several thunderstorms on the basis of data from var... more We analyzed sequences of lightning flashes in several thunderstorms on the basis of data from various ground‐based lightning location systems. We identified patterns of clustering and synchronicity of flashes in separate thunderstorm cells, distanced by tens to hundreds of kilometers from each other. This is in‐line with our early findings of lightning synchronicity based on space shuttle images (Yair et al., 2006), hinting at a possible mutual electromagnetic coupling of remote thunderstorms. We developed a theoretical model that is based on the leaky integrate‐and‐fire concept commonly used in models of neural activity, in order to simulate the flashing behavior of a coupled network of thunderstorm cells. In this type of network, the intensity of the electric field Ei within a specific region of thunderstorm (i) grows with time until it reaches the critical breakdown value and generates a lightning flash while its electric field drops to zero, simultaneously adding a delta E to th...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
E-Learning offers many opportunities for individuals and institutions all over the world. Indiv... more E-Learning offers many opportunities for individuals and institutions all over the world. Individuals can access to education they need almost anytime and anywhere they are ready to. Institutions are able to provide more cost-effective training to their employees.
E-learning context is very important. It is common to find educators who perceive e-learning as internet-only education that encourages a static and content-focused series of text pages on screen. Others envisage the shallow and random online messages that are typical of a social real-time chat session, and wonder how that type of communication could add any value to academic discourse. Some may have experienced e-learning done poorly, and extrapolate their experience into a negative impression of all e-learning.
The book will examine the emergence and growth of e-learning. The use of the ‘e’ prefix indicates the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in government, finance, and all forms of socio-economic and community development.
Many of the institutions in the countries to be reviewed also make extensive use of traditional teaching and methods and media, so this book will not only consider e-learning and mobile or m-learning in isolation but in blended or mixed-mode learning, both in classroom environments and in distance education. It will examine and discuss.
This eBook is designed and presented in two volumes. The fist volume consists of the country cases of Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Jordan, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, and Morocco. The second volume gives a place to the country cases of Norway, Oman, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. So, the book consists of more than 70 authors from 39 different countries and from 42 universities and 14 institutions with company for all 42 chapters.
For almost a decade, ground-based measurements of the electric field (Ez) have been conducted con... more For almost a decade, ground-based measurements of the electric field (Ez) have been conducted continuously at Tel-Aviv University's Wise astronomical observatory, located in the Negev desert highland in southern Israel. The data enabled identifying the characteristics of Ez in fair weather, during dust storms, lightning activity and the passage of different cloud types overhead. We present new results of observations of the variability of the atmospheric electric field during several foggy days along with meteorological data of wind speed and relative humidity. The results show a substantial increase of the electric field (up to 400-650 V m-1) compared with the mean fair-weather values at the site (180-190 V m-1) during times of high values of relative humidity (>95%) and low wind speed (<3 m s-1). This increase is a consequence of the reduction in the conductivity at low levels due to the attachment of ions to fog droplets. We suggest that closely monitoring the electric ...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009
We analyzed sequences of lightning flashes in several thunderstorms on the basis of data from var... more We analyzed sequences of lightning flashes in several thunderstorms on the basis of data from various ground‐based lightning location systems. We identified patterns of clustering and synchronicity of flashes in separate thunderstorm cells, distanced by tens to hundreds of kilometers from each other. This is in‐line with our early findings of lightning synchronicity based on space shuttle images (Yair et al., 2006), hinting at a possible mutual electromagnetic coupling of remote thunderstorms. We developed a theoretical model that is based on the leaky integrate‐and‐fire concept commonly used in models of neural activity, in order to simulate the flashing behavior of a coupled network of thunderstorm cells. In this type of network, the intensity of the electric field Ei within a specific region of thunderstorm (i) grows with time until it reaches the critical breakdown value and generates a lightning flash while its electric field drops to zero, simultaneously adding a delta E to th...
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E-learning context is very important. It is common to find educators who perceive e-learning as internet-only education that encourages a static and content-focused series of text pages on screen. Others envisage the shallow and random online messages that are typical of a social real-time chat session, and wonder how that type of communication could add any value to academic discourse. Some may have experienced e-learning done poorly, and extrapolate their experience into a negative impression of all e-learning.
The book will examine the emergence and growth of e-learning. The use of the ‘e’ prefix indicates the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in government, finance, and all forms of socio-economic and community development.
Many of the institutions in the countries to be reviewed also make extensive use of traditional teaching and methods and media, so this book will not only consider e-learning and mobile or m-learning in isolation but in blended or mixed-mode learning, both in classroom environments and in distance education. It will examine and discuss.
This eBook is designed and presented in two volumes. The fist volume consists of the country cases of Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Jordan, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, and Morocco. The second volume gives a place to the country cases of Norway, Oman, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. So, the book consists of more than 70 authors from 39 different countries and from 42 universities and 14 institutions with company for all 42 chapters.
E-learning context is very important. It is common to find educators who perceive e-learning as internet-only education that encourages a static and content-focused series of text pages on screen. Others envisage the shallow and random online messages that are typical of a social real-time chat session, and wonder how that type of communication could add any value to academic discourse. Some may have experienced e-learning done poorly, and extrapolate their experience into a negative impression of all e-learning.
The book will examine the emergence and growth of e-learning. The use of the ‘e’ prefix indicates the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in government, finance, and all forms of socio-economic and community development.
Many of the institutions in the countries to be reviewed also make extensive use of traditional teaching and methods and media, so this book will not only consider e-learning and mobile or m-learning in isolation but in blended or mixed-mode learning, both in classroom environments and in distance education. It will examine and discuss.
This eBook is designed and presented in two volumes. The fist volume consists of the country cases of Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Jordan, Hungary, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, and Morocco. The second volume gives a place to the country cases of Norway, Oman, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. So, the book consists of more than 70 authors from 39 different countries and from 42 universities and 14 institutions with company for all 42 chapters.