Yogeeta Thakur

As far the today's scenario, organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used pesticides around the world. These are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes by various reactions and pathways. Humans are inexorably exposed to pesticides in a variety of ways. Metabolism is one amongst factors that can affect the overall toxic profile of a pesticide. During metabolism, the pesticide is biotransformed by phase I cytochrome enzyme and then conjugated to more soluble and excretable by phase II. A metabolic enzyme plays a key role in converting the chemicals into inert derivatives which could be easily eliminated from the body. Chronic exposure to low levels of pesticide can cause mutations. As a susceptibility biomarker, the CYP genetic polymorphism can affect the activation and inactivation of pesticide metabolizing genes. In this research work, a metabolism and interactions of pesticides have been investigated by using cytochrome P450 (CYP) technique. Also, a Genotoxicological studie...

Plant-derived extracts and phytochemicals have long been a subject of research in an effort to develop alternatives to conventional insecticides. In the present study bioactivities of some plant extracts viz. Jatropha curcas L., Nerium oleander L., Allium sativum L. and Urtica dioca L. were tested at different intervals of spray and compared with two commercially available botanical insecticides, mycojaal and B.t. at 5 and 10% concentration and standard recommended insecticide, imidacloprid (0.03%) against Trialeaurodes vaporariorum L. in potato. Among the test treatments, the highest population suppression of whiteflies was observed with cattle urine extract of J. curcas at 10 (90.6%) and 5% (83.4%) concentrations. At 10% test concentration mycojaal and methanolic extraction of J. curcas also proved as effective as imidacloprid that resulted in an average population reduction up to 90.22, 88.25 and 93.78% respectively over control. The different plant extracts and bio-pesticides we...

A reproducible and efficient protocol was developed for inducing indirect somatic embryogenesis using callus originated from different explants of Bunium persicum viz. both immature and mature zygotic embryos, fruit pedicel and cotyledons excised from in vitro germinated seedlings. Calli derived from different explants was inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium of half and full strength supplemented with various concentrations of thiadiazuron, indole butyric acid and with activated charcoal. Callus derived from fruit pedicel gave best response for somatic embryogenesis on MS basal full strength + 0.1% activated charcoal. Half strength MS basal + 1.00 mg/l TDZ + 0.05 mg/l IBA giving as much as 84.33 per cent of somatic embryogenesis and 25.78 was the average number of somatic embryos per callus clump of 200 mg. Maximum of 70.61% somatic embryos showed germination when transferred to half strength MS basal medium. Histological observations revealed that somatic embryos di...

ABSTRACT: Efficacy of plants viz. Azadirachta indica L., Sapindus mukorossi L., Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium L., Nerium oleander L., Jatropha curcas L., Urtica diocia L. and Vitex negundo L. extracted in indigenous cow (Hariana) urine and used @ 5 ml/ litre was tested in the ...

Plant feeding mites are known to cause great damage to the cultivated crops, garden and ornamental plants, forest trees and shrubs. The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) first described in 1878 from Italy as rose mite. Tetranychus pilosus (C and F) was reported as pest of apple and other delicious fruits from Oregon, USA in 1911 and Ontario, Canada in 1912 (Ewing 1912; Caesar 1915). Later it became a common pest in the Pacific North, West, Central California, Indiana and Utah (Newcomer and Yothers, 1929). It was recorded in Australia in 1975 and became a major pest of apple in all major fruit growing areas of Australia by 1986( Bower and Thwaite, -1986). Earlier the pest was known as Paratetranychus pilosus C and F and with many common names such as imported red spider in USA, plum spider mite in Ontario, fruit tree red mite in UK and fruit tree spinning mite in Sweedan. It became a serious pest after the introduction of winter washes in 1920's (Cranham, 1979).