Dengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing millions of human infections each year and pose a challenge for public health systems worldwide. Aedes aegypti is the principal vector species transmitting DENVs to humans.... more
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing millions of human infections each year and pose a challenge for public health systems worldwide. Aedes aegypti is the principal vector species transmitting DENVs to humans. Controlling Ae. aegypti is difficult due to the abundance of breeding sites and increasing insecticide resistance in the vector populations. Developing new vector control strategies is critical for decreasing the disease burden. One potential approach is genetically replacing Ae. aegypti populations with vector populations highly resistant to DENV transmission. Here, we focus on an alternative strategy for generating dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) resistance in genetically-modified Ae. aegypti in which the mosquitoes express an inactive form of Michelob_x (Mx), an antagonist of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP), to induce apoptosis in those cells in which actively replicating DENV-2 is present. The inactive form of Mx was flanked by the RRRRSAG cleavage motif...
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<p>Developmental gene regulations [up(U) or down(D)-regulation] between larvae and sugar fed females (L-S all) or between sugar fed females and blood fed females (S-B all) of <i>An. aquasalis</i> transcripts that have a... more
<p>Developmental gene regulations [up(U) or down(D)-regulation] between larvae and sugar fed females (L-S all) or between sugar fed females and blood fed females (S-B all) of <i>An. aquasalis</i> transcripts that have a homolog <i>An. gambiae</i> (best Blast match) represented in the GeneChip <i>Plasmodium</i>/<i>Anopheles</i> Genome Array <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003005#pntd.0003005-Marinotti1" target="_blank">[42]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003005#pntd.0003005-Marinotti4" target="_blank">[95]</a> were compared. The pairwise comparisons including all <i>An. aquasalis</i>/<i>An. gambiae</i> homologous pairs of genes demonstrated a lack of conservation of developmental changes in transcript abundance between the two mosquito species. Similar analyses restricting the transcript list to putative 1∶1 ortholog pairs, defined by reciprocal blast and only those significantly regulated in <i>An. aquasalis</i>, with at least 3 fold change between two compared samples (L-S 1∶1 ort or S-B 1∶1 ort) showed that 75% the transcripts regulated by blood feeding were consistently up or down regulated in both species. Using the same restricted list of transcripts, only 49% of the transcripts were consistently up- or down-regulated between L-S in both species. Genes up-regulated or down-regulated in both species are indicated by (UU) or (DD), respectively. Transcripts differentially regulated between the two species are indicated by (UD/DU).</p
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Research Interests: Biology and Aedes aegypti
The worldwide expansion of new emergent arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika reinforces the importance in understanding the role of mosquito species in spreading these pathogens in affected regions. This knowledge is essential for... more
The worldwide expansion of new emergent arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika reinforces the importance in understanding the role of mosquito species in spreading these pathogens in affected regions. This knowledge is essential for developing effective programs based on species specificity to avoid the establishment of endemic transmission cycles sustained by the identified local vectors. Although the first autochthonous transmission of Chikungunya virus was described in 2014 in the north of Brazil, the main outbreaks were reported in 2015 and 2016 in the northeast of Brazil. During 5 days of February 2016, we collected mosquitoes in homes of 6 neighborhoods of Aracaju city, the capital of Sergipe state. Four mosquito species were identified but Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were the most abundant. Field-caught mosquitoes were tested for Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV) and Dengue viruses (DENV) by qRT-PCR and one CHIKV-infected Ae. aegypti female was detected. The com...
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Research Interests: Bioengineering, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Genetics, Immunology, and 15 moreMolecular Biology, Genomics, Computational Biology, Biotechnology, Cancer, Cell Biology, Cancer Biology, Multidisciplinary, Female, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Ovary, Aedes, Gene Expression Regulation, and Molecular Sequence Data
The plasma vitellogenin of Bothrops jararaca is composed of two subunits. The larger subunit (160 kDa) is phosphate rich and carbohydrate poor, while the smaller (110 kDa) is highly glycosylated and less phosphorylated. As in other... more
The plasma vitellogenin of Bothrops jararaca is composed of two subunits. The larger subunit (160 kDa) is phosphate rich and carbohydrate poor, while the smaller (110 kDa) is highly glycosylated and less phosphorylated. As in other vertebrates, the vitellogenin of B. jararaca is synthesized in the liver under estrogen control. The newly synthesized vitellogenin molecule is a 270 kDa polypeptide. This polypeptide originates the two subunits of the plasma vitellogenin by proteolytic cleavage. In the eggs of B. jararaca six main yolk polypeptides have been detected (113, 107, 104, 72, 27.2 and 20.7 kDa). Using phosphoprotein staining we have shown that the 72 kDa polypeptide is the larger phosvitin so far described in a vertebrate egg yolk. The 107 kDa yolk polypeptide also seems to be phosphorylated, but to a lesser extent than the phosvitin. The 104 kDa vitellin originates from the larger vitellogenin subunit while the 113 kDa vitellin originates from the smaller vitellogenin subunit. Based on these results we propose a general scheme for vitellogenin and vitellin processing in B. jararaca.
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Since the Zika outbreaks are unprecedented human threat in relation to congenital malformations and neurological/autoimmune complications as well as its high potential to spread in regions presenting the vectors, improvements in mosquito... more
Since the Zika outbreaks are unprecedented human threat in relation to congenital malformations and neurological/autoimmune complications as well as its high potential to spread in regions presenting the vectors, improvements in mosquito control is a top priority. Thus, Aedes aegypti laboratory strains will be fundamental to support studies in different research fields implicated on Zika-mosquito interactions which are the basis for the development of innovative control methods. In this sense, we determined the main infection aspects of the Brazilian Zika strain in reference Aedes aegypti laboratory mosquitoes.We orally exposed Rockefeller, Higgs and Rexville mosquitoes to a Brazilian ZIKV (ZIKVBR) and qRT-PCR was applied to determine the infection and dissemination rates, and viral levels in mosquito tissues as well as in the saliva. The ZIKVBR kinetics was monitored during the infection in Rockefeller mosquitoes. Rockefeller strain was the most susceptible at 7 days post-infection...
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Additional file 1. Fluorescence Microscopy Image. (A) sporozoites in phase (left) and (B) fluorescent microscopy (right).
Additional file 2. Peptides deconvolution.
Additional file 3. Analysis of Plasmodium gallinaceum infection above the threshold (<2086 sporozoites/salivary gland) in pBac[3XP3-eGFP-AeVg-PgpNT] transgenic mosquitoes. Solid circles (wild-type) and squares (transgenic pBac-PgpNT... more
Additional file 3. Analysis of Plasmodium gallinaceum infection above the threshold (<2086 sporozoites/salivary gland) in pBac[3XP3-eGFP-AeVg-PgpNT] transgenic mosquitoes. Solid circles (wild-type) and squares (transgenic pBac-PgpNT P#1) represent individual mosquitoes with sporozoites detected in their salivary glands above the threshold of 2086 sporozoites per salivary gland. The horizontal bars represent the median. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Additional file 1. Primers sequences used for PCR and RT-PCR.
Additional file 4. Analysis of Plasmodium gallinaceum low levels infection in dsSindbis infected and control mosquitoes. Solid circles (control Sin-EGFP) and squares (Sin-PfpNT, Sin-PgRTSR, Sin-PfRTSR, Sin-PfpTSR) represent individual... more
Additional file 4. Analysis of Plasmodium gallinaceum low levels infection in dsSindbis infected and control mosquitoes. Solid circles (control Sin-EGFP) and squares (Sin-PfpNT, Sin-PgRTSR, Sin-PfRTSR, Sin-PfpTSR) represent individual mosquitoes with sporozoites detected in their salivary glands below the threshold of 2086 sporozoites per salivary gland. The horizontal bars represent the median. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Additional file 2. Schematic representation of cloning into pTE/3 2 J plasmid (dsSindbis virus) and piggyBac[3Xp3-EGFP] transgenesis plasmid. The nucleotide sequence encoding recombinant peptides was inserted into pTE/3 2 J dsSindbis... more
Additional file 2. Schematic representation of cloning into pTE/3 2 J plasmid (dsSindbis virus) and piggyBac[3Xp3-EGFP] transgenesis plasmid. The nucleotide sequence encoding recombinant peptides was inserted into pTE/3 2 J dsSindbis vector using the XbaI restriction enzyme. Abbreviations: SP6: Sindbis Promoter sequence; NSP 1, 2, 3, 4; Nonstructural viral protein; C: capsid; PE2: Envelope protein 2; Mal: Ae. aegypti encoding the secretory signal peptide (Mal I signal peptide); CSP-PEP: correspond to pNH2-T, RTSR and pTSR constructs; 3â ˛UTR: dsSindbis virus untranslated region. (B) The Mal-PgpNT fragment was reamplified and inserted into pSLfa[AeVg] and flanked by Ae. aegypti vitellogenin promoter (AeVg) and the SV40 polyadenylation sequence (SV40). (C) The [AeVg-PgpNT-SV40] transgene was inserted into a vector plasmid composed of the coding sequences of the EGFP gene to provide a visible transformation marker driving by three copies of the Pax3 (3xP3) promoter. Arrows (LH and RH) ...
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is the principal vector of the urban arboviruses and the blood ingestion is important to produce the eggs in this species. To analyze the egg production in , researchers frequently use small cages or vials to collect eggs from gravid... more
is the principal vector of the urban arboviruses and the blood ingestion is important to produce the eggs in this species. To analyze the egg production in , researchers frequently use small cages or vials to collect eggs from gravid females. Although it is affordable, the setup is time- and space-consuming, mainly when many mosquitoes need to be individually analyzed. This study presents an easy, cheap, and space-saving method to perform individual oviposition assays in using cell culture plates. This new method to access fecundity rate was named "oviplate". The oviplates are setup with 12- or 24-well plates, distilled water and filter paper and they are 78 to 88% cheaper than the traditional vial assay, respectively. Furthermore, to allocate 72 vitellogenic females in an insectary using vial is necessary 4100 cm³ against 1400 cm³ and 700 cm³ when using 12- and 24-well plates, respectively. No statistical differences were found between the number of eggs laid in vials and...
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Ades aegypti is the most important arbovirus vector in the world, and new strategies are under evaluation. Biological studies mentioning the occurrence of a second mate in Aedes aegypti can interfere with vector control program planning,... more
Ades aegypti is the most important arbovirus vector in the world, and new strategies are under evaluation. Biological studies mentioning the occurrence of a second mate in Aedes aegypti can interfere with vector control program planning, which involves male mosquito release technique. This study presents different experiments to show the occurrence of mixed progeny. Mixed male crosses (using a combination of different type of males in confinement with virgin females) showed no polyandric female. Individual crosses with male substitution in every gonotrophic cycle also did not show any polyandric female. Individual crosses with a 20 minutes interval, with subsequent male change, showed that only a few females presented mixed offspring. The copulation breach in three different moments, group A with full coitus length, group B the coitus was interrupted in 5-7 seconds after the start; and group C, which the copulation was interrupted 3 seconds after started. In summary, group A showed ...
Research Interests: Multidisciplinary, Female, Animals, Male, PLoS one, and 7 moreMosquito Control, Larva, Copulation, Arboviruses, Aedes, Insect Vectors, and Pupa
Versatile molecular tools for creating driving transgenes and other invasive genetic factors present regulatory, ethical, and environmental challenges that should be addressed to ensure their safe use. In this article, we discuss driving... more
Versatile molecular tools for creating driving transgenes and other invasive genetic factors present regulatory, ethical, and environmental challenges that should be addressed to ensure their safe use. In this article, we discuss driving transgenes and invasive genetic factors that can potentially spread after their introduction into a small proportion of individuals in a population. The potential of invasive genetic factors to increase their number in natural populations presents challenges that require additional safety measures not provided by previous recommendations regarding accidental release of arthropods. In addition to providing physical containment, invasive genetic factors require greater attention to strain management, including their distribution and identity confirmation. In this study, we focus on insects containing such factors with recommendations for investigators who are creating them, institutional biosafety committees charged with ensuring safety, funding agenc...
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The circumsporozoite protein is the most abundant polypeptide expressed by sporozoites, the malaria parasite stage capable of infecting humans. Sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands prior to transmission is likely mediated by a... more
The circumsporozoite protein is the most abundant polypeptide expressed by sporozoites, the malaria parasite stage capable of infecting humans. Sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands prior to transmission is likely mediated by a receptor/ligand-like interaction of the parasites with the target tissues, and the amino (NH2)-terminal portion of CSP is involved in this interaction but not the TSR region on the carboxyl (C)-terminus. Peptides based on the NH2-terminal domain could compete with the parasites for the salivary gland receptors and thus inhibit penetration. Peptides based on the NH2-terminus and TSR domains of the CSP from avian or human malaria parasites, Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively, were expressed endogenously in mosquito haemolymph using a transient (Sindbis virus-mediated) or stable (piggyBac-mediated transgenesis) system. Transient endogenous expression of partial NH2-terminus peptide from P. falciparum CSP in P. gallinaceum-in...
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Malaria is an infectious disease responsible for approximately one million deaths annually. Oligopeptides such as angiotensin II (AII) and its analogs are known to have antimalarial effects against Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium... more
Malaria is an infectious disease responsible for approximately one million deaths annually. Oligopeptides such as angiotensin II (AII) and its analogs are known to have antimalarial effects against Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium falciparum. However, their mechanism of action is still not fully understood at the molecular level. In the work reported here, we investigated this issue by comparing the antimalarial activity of AII with that of (i) its diastereomer formed by only d-amino acids; (ii) its isomer with reversed sequence; and (iii) its analogs restricted by lactam bridges, the so-called VC5 peptides. Data from fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the antiplasmodial activities of both all-D-AII and all-D-VC5 were as high as those of the related peptides AII and VC5, respectively. In contrast, retro-AII had no significant effect against P. gallinaceum. Conformational analysis by circular dichroism suggested that AII and its active analogs usually adopted a β-turn conf...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Peptide Science, Medicine, Micelles, and 14 moreMice, Animals, Peptides, Chickens, Antimalarials, Muscle contraction, Amino Acid Sequence, Angiotensin II, Structure activity Relationship, Aedes, Salivary Glands, Molecular Sequence Data, Cell Membrane, and stereoisomerism
Research Interests: Mass Spectrometry, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Malaria, Medicine, and 14 moreAnimals, Peptides, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Chickens, Plasmodium falciparum, Antimalarials, Muscle contraction, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Angiotensin II, Erythrocytes, Stomach, Aedes, Minimum inhibitory concentration, and Hemolysis
Mosquitoes are major vectors of human diseases. This is mainly due to their requirement for a blood meal to lay eggs which allows the transmission of pathogens to the human being. Our aim is to identify proper molecular targets in order... more
Mosquitoes are major vectors of human diseases. This is mainly due to their requirement for a blood meal to lay eggs which allows the transmission of pathogens to the human being. Our aim is to identify proper molecular targets in order to block blood feeding and impair egg formation. In their early days of adult life mosquitoes feed on vegetal fluids and their midgut is continuously loaded with several bioactive compounds including polyphenols. We observed that polyphenol-fed mosquitos dramatically increase their average lifespan (Control T 1/2 ± 15-18 days, Polyphenol-fed T1/2± 20-32 days). Polyphenols also reduced the body triglyceride content from 20-75 %. They trigger midgut autophagy which leads to a 40 % decrease on bacterial loads. Such mechanisms are mimicked by the activation of the mosquito AMPK and abolished by RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene. Thus the presence of polyphenol on early mosquito meals optimizes mosquito metabolism and immunity and its chances of finding its first blood meal....
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ABSTRACT Dengue fever is the major mosquito-born viral illness, caused by dengue virus (DENV) and constitutes a global economic burden and a public health threat. The development of an effective vaccine for the control of dengue fever is... more
ABSTRACT Dengue fever is the major mosquito-born viral illness, caused by dengue virus (DENV) and constitutes a global economic burden and a public health threat. The development of an effective vaccine for the control of dengue fever is a priority for countries where the disease prevails. The nonstructural 3 protein (NS3) of DENV is considered essential on viral replication. The helicase domain (NS3H), in particular, contains most of the epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are capable of killing infected cells. With this perspective, a vaccine candidate based on NS3H may induce protective response against DENV infection.
The plasma vitellogenin of Bothrops jararaca is composed of two subunits. The larger subunit (160 kDa) is phosphate rich and carbohydrate poor, while the smaller (110 kDa) is highly glycosylated and less phosphorylated. As in other... more
The plasma vitellogenin of Bothrops jararaca is composed of two subunits. The larger subunit (160 kDa) is phosphate rich and carbohydrate poor, while the smaller (110 kDa) is highly glycosylated and less phosphorylated. As in other vertebrates, the vitellogenin of B. jararaca is synthesized in the liver under estrogen control. The newly synthesized vitellogenin molecule is a 270 kDa polypeptide. This polypeptide originates the two subunits of the plasma vitellogenin by proteolytic cleavage. In the eggs of B. jararaca six main yolk polypeptides have been detected (113, 107, 104, 72, 27.2 and 20.7 kDa). Using phosphoprotein staining we have shown that the 72 kDa polypeptide is the larger phosvitin so far described in a vertebrate egg yolk. The 107 kDa yolk polypeptide also seems to be phosphorylated, but to a lesser extent than the phosvitin. The 104 kDa vitellin originates from the larger vitellogenin subunit while the 113 kDa vitellin originates from the smaller vitellogenin subunit...
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Obtivemos o transcriptoma de corpo gorduroso de fêmeas vitelogênicas de Aedes aegypti. Foram obtidos 231 clusters, classificados em 21 categorias com base na função ou predição da função das proteínas nos bancos de dados utilizados.... more
Obtivemos o transcriptoma de corpo gorduroso de fêmeas vitelogênicas de Aedes aegypti. Foram obtidos 231 clusters, classificados em 21 categorias com base na função ou predição da função das proteínas nos bancos de dados utilizados. Analisamos 57 ESTs por macroarray diferencial onde foram selecionados 3 ESTs mais expressos nas fêmeas 24h após repasto sanguíneo e 1 que teve sua expressão reprimida neste período. Os transcritos DT366796, DT367277 e DT367323 tiveram expressão em corpo gorduroso, trato digestivo e ovários, entretanto DT367201, não está presente nos ovários. Análises por qRT-PCR mostraram que todos os transcritos estão mais expressos nos mosquitos infectados por vírus dengue sorotipo 2 em comparação com aqueles infectados por Plasmodium gallinaceum no período de 24 h após repasto sanguíneo infectado. Tese (Doutorado).
Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue fever, have been genetically engineered for use in a sterile insect control programme. To improve our understanding of the dispersal ecology of mosquitoes and to inform appropriate release... more
Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue fever, have been genetically engineered for use in a sterile insect control programme. To improve our understanding of the dispersal ecology of mosquitoes and to inform appropriate release strategies of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;genetically sterile&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; male Aedes aegypti detailed knowledge of the dispersal ability of the released insects is needed. The dispersal ability of released &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;genetically sterile&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; male Aedes aegypti at a field site in Brazil has been estimated. Dispersal kernels embedded within a generalized linear model framework were used to analyse data collected from three large scale mark release recapture studies. The methodology has been applied to previously published dispersal data to compare the dispersal ability of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;genetically sterile&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; male Aedes aegypti in contrasting environments. We parameterised dispersal kernels and estimated the mean distance travelled for insects in Brazil: 52.8m (95% CI: 49.9m, 56.8m) and Malaysia: 58.0m (95% CI: 51.1m, 71.0m). Our results provide specific, detailed estimates of the dispersal characteristics of released &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;genetically sterile&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; male Aedes aegypti in the field. The comparative analysis indicates that despite differing environments and recapture rates, key features of the insects&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; dispersal kernels are conserved across the two studies. The results can be used to inform both risk assessments and release programmes using &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;genetically sterile&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; male Aedes aegypti.
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The increasing burden of dengue, and the relative failure of traditional vector control programs highlight the need to develop new control methods. SIT using self-limiting genetic technology is one such promising method. A self-limiting... more
The increasing burden of dengue, and the relative failure of traditional vector control programs highlight the need to develop new control methods. SIT using self-limiting genetic technology is one such promising method. A self-limiting strain of Aedes aegypti, OX513A, has already reached the stage of field evaluation. Sustained releases of OX513A Ae. aegypti males led to 80% suppression of a target wild Ae. aegypti population in the Cayman Islands in 2010. Here we describe sustained series of field releases of OX513A Ae. aegypti males in a suburb of Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil. This study spanned over a year and reduced the local Ae. aegypti population by 95% (95% CI: 92.2%-97.5%) based on adult trap data and 81% (95% CI: 74.9-85.2%) based on ovitrap indices compared to the adjacent no-release control area. The mating competitiveness of the released males (0.031; 95% CI: 0.025-0.036) was similar to that estimated in the Cayman trials (0.059; 95% CI: 0.011-0.210), indicating that environmental and target-strain differences had little impact on the mating success of the OX513A males. We conclude that sustained release of OX513A males may be an effective and widely useful method for suppression of the key dengue vector Ae. aegypti. The observed level of suppression would likely be sufficient to prevent dengue epidemics in the locality tested and other areas with similar or lower transmission.
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Transgenic mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasites are being developed to test the hypothesis that they may be used to control disease transmission. We have developed an effector portion of an antiparasite gene that can be used to test... more
Transgenic mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasites are being developed to test the hypothesis that they may be used to control disease transmission. We have developed an effector portion of an antiparasite gene that can be used to test malaria resistance in transgenic mosquitoes. Mouse monoclonal antibodies that recognize the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium gallinaceum can block sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands. An anti-circumsporozoite monoclonal antibody, N2H6D5, whose corresponding heavy- and light-chain gene variable regions were engineered as a single-chain antibody construct, binds to P. gallinaceum sporozoites and prevents infection of Ae. aegypti salivary glands when expressed from a Sindbis virus. Mean intensities of sporozoite infections of salivary glands in mosquitoes expressing N2scFv were reduced as much as 99.9% when compared to controls.
Research Interests: Recombinant DNA Technology, Aedes aegypti, Mice, Female, Animals, and 13 moreMonoclonal Antibodies, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Animals and disease transmission, Chickens, Sindbis virus, Monoclonal Antibody, Salivary Gland, Light chain, Aedes, Hybridomas, Salivary Glands, Insect Vectors, and Immunoblotting
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Research Interests: Biochemistry, Biological Chemistry, Western blotting, Ticks, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreFemale, Animals, Male, Biological, Peptides, Proteins, Lipoprotein(a), CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Cattle, Protein Secondary Structure Prediction, Haemolymph, Surface Active Agents, Molecular weight, Amino Acid Sequence, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
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In this article, we describe the appearance and management of an impacted permanent tooth with severe vestibular root angulation. In addition, the possible origin of this type of root malformation as well as some of their epidemiologic... more
In this article, we describe the appearance and management of an impacted permanent tooth with severe vestibular root angulation. In addition, the possible origin of this type of root malformation as well as some of their epidemiologic aspects are discussed.
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We report the endodontic treatment of a non-vital permanent immature tooth in which unexpected complications such as exacerbation of apical periodontitis followed by external root resorption occurred after that the initial stages of the... more
We report the endodontic treatment of a non-vital permanent immature tooth in which unexpected complications such as exacerbation of apical periodontitis followed by external root resorption occurred after that the initial stages of the healing process were clinically and radiographically evident. After continued treatment stable repair was obtained.