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Salvia is the most species‐rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses to address the tempo... more
Salvia is the most species‐rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses to address the tempo and mode of diversification. To study the association of floral traits with speciation and extinction, we modelled and explored the evolution of corolla length and the lever‐mechanism pollination system across our Salvia phylogeny. We reconstructed a multigene phylogeny for 366 species of Salvia in the broad sense including all major recognized lineages and 50 species from Iran, a region previously overlooked in studies of the genus. Our comprehensive sampling of Iranian species of Salvia provides higher phylogenetic resolution for southwestern Asian species than obtained in previous studies. Our phylogenetic data in combination with divergence time estimates were used to examine the evolution of corolla length, woody versus herbaceous habit, and presence versus absence of a lever mechanism. We investigated the timing and dependence of Salvia diversification related to corolla length evolution through a disparity test and BAMM analysis. A HiSSE model was used to evaluate the dependency of diversification on the lever‐mechanism pollination system in Salvia. A medium corolla length (15–18 mm) was reconstructed as the ancestral state for Salvia with multiple shifts to shorter and longer corollas. Macroevolutionary model analyses indicate that corolla length disparity is high throughout Salvia evolution, significantly different from expectations under a Brownian motion model during the last 28 million years of evolution. Our analyses show evidence of a higher diversification rate of corolla length for some Andean species of Salvia compared to other members of the genus. Based on our tests of diversification models, we reject the hypothesis of a direct effect of the lever mechanism on Salvia diversification. Therefore, we suggest caution in considering the lever‐mechanism pollination system as one of the main drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Nutlet micromorphology of 14 taxa of Scutellaria of subgenera Scutellaria (sects. Scutellaria and Anaspis) and Apeltanthus (sect. Lupulinaria) in Iran was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nutlet surface sculpturing varies... more
Nutlet micromorphology of 14 taxa of Scutellaria of subgenera Scutellaria (sects. Scutellaria and Anaspis) and Apeltanthus (sect. Lupulinaria) in Iran was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nutlet surface sculpturing varies prominently among species within two subgenera and this is mostly congruent with the latest subgenric classification of the genus. However some differences were observed among species in some sections. Five nutlet types were identified: Type I, papillate with sessile glands among the papillae (subgenus Scutellaria sect. Scutellaria: Sc. galericulata). Type II. papillate, papillae circular with concave apex. (subgenus Scutellaria section Scutellaria: Sc. tournefortii). Type III. Nutlet surface papillate, papillae with obtuse to acute apex, more or less finger like (subgenus Scutellaria, section Anaspis: Scutellaria ariana). Type IV, nutlet surface with flattened or apical depressed papillae, with adpressed and patent hairs partially covering the surfac...
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A comprehensive study on Scutellaria materials collected in Iran revealed an undescribed species of the genus, belonging to section Apeltanthus which was not previously reported from Iran. The new species is morphologically most similar... more
A comprehensive study on Scutellaria materials collected in Iran revealed an undescribed species of the genus, belonging to section Apeltanthus which was not previously reported from Iran. The new species is morphologically most similar to S. leptosiphon and S. stocksii distributed in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia. The occurrence of a member of section Apeltanthus in Iran shows a disjunct distribution pattern of the species of this section. Scutellaria lurestanica is described as a new species from Iran and is compared with the most similar species. Illustrations of the new species, a distribution map, and a table of diagnostic characters against similar species are provided.
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The species belonging to Nepeta sect. Psilonepeta Benth. recognized by K.H. Rechinger in Flora Iranica are revised. Nepeta bazoftica Jamzad is described as a new species in this section. It is characterized by a broad ovate, petiolate... more
The species belonging to Nepeta sect. Psilonepeta Benth. recognized by K.H. Rechinger in Flora Iranica are revised. Nepeta bazoftica Jamzad is described as a new species in this section. It is characterized by a broad ovate, petiolate leaf, deeply cordate at base, with shallowly crenate-dentate margins; a lax pedunculate cyme; calyx throat with a ring of hairs inside; corolla long exserted from the calyx. The new species is closely related to N. archibaldii and belongs to a natural group of species partly recognized by Bentham in sect. Psilonepeta, characterized by a straight to slightly curved calyx, throat straight, with an internal ring of hairs; corolla clearly exserted from calyx, with a deflexed lower lip. Nepeta iranshahrii previously recognized in sect. Capituliferae and N. pinetorum of sect. Schizocalyx share the same floral characteristics and are considered in the same group. Furthermore, N. scrophularioides Rech. f. with an oblique calyx throat, without a hairy ring insi...
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Ahvazi, M., Jamzad, Z., Balali, G. R. & Saeidi, H. 2016. 06. 30: Trichome micro-morphology in Marrubium L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran and the role of environmental factors on their variation.-Iran. J. Bot. 22 (1): 39-58. Tehran. The genus... more
Ahvazi, M., Jamzad, Z., Balali, G. R. & Saeidi, H. 2016. 06. 30: Trichome micro-morphology in Marrubium L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran and the role of environmental factors on their variation.-Iran. J. Bot. 22 (1): 39-58. Tehran. The genus Marrubium L. belongs to Lamiaceae family and Lamioideae subfamily. It is present in Iran with 11 species from which only one is endemic (M. procerum Bunge). Most Marrubium species are distributed in steppes, arid and semiarid areas of Iran. In this research the trichomes of leaf and calyx surface were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope. Trichome micro-morphological characters in studied species showed that the main hair type is stellate with unequal rays, one of the rays 3-15 times longer than the others. The general trichome shapes are similar but there are variations in stellate trichomes based on their long branches length, the short branches length and the number of short branches. The effect of environmental condition i.e. arid areas and alt...
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جنس Ziziphora متعلق به خانواده نعنا، شامل 4 گونه (Z. persica Bunge.، Z. capitata L.، Z. tenuior L. و Z. clinopodioides Lam.)، پراکندگی وسیعی در ایران دارد. گونه Z. clinopodioides L. با نام فارسی کاکوتی کوهی منبع غنی از روغن اسانسی است. در... more
جنس Ziziphora متعلق به خانواده نعنا، شامل 4 گونه (Z. persica Bunge.، Z. capitata L.، Z. tenuior L. و Z. clinopodioides Lam.)، پراکندگی وسیعی در ایران دارد. گونه Z. clinopodioides L. با نام فارسی کاکوتی کوهی منبع غنی از روغن اسانسی است. در این تحقیق بخشهای هوایی پنج زیرگونه از گونه Z. clinopodioides Lam. از نقاط مختلف جمعآوری گردیدند. پس از خشک کردن گیاه، اسانسگیری از آن با روش تقطیر با آب صورت گرفت. جداسازی و شناسایی ترکیبهای موجود در اسانس توسط کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیفسنج جرمی (GC/MS) انجام شد. از نظر کمی و کیفی اسانس زیرگونههای مختلف، با یکدیگر متفاوت هستند. در اسانس زیرگونه rigida جمعآوری شده از ارومیه و فارس 15 و 19 ترکیب شناسایی شد؛ ترکیب شاخص در هر دو پولگون بهترتیب با 8/46% و 1/36% بود. در اسانس زیرگونههای filicaulis از ارسباران، bungeana از تبریز و ronnigeri از ارومیه بهترتیب 15، 18 و 19 ترکیب شناسایی شد که پولگون، بهترتیب با 46%، 23% و 52% ترکیب شاخص بود. در اسانس زیرگونه pseudodasyantha جمعآوری شده از قزوین نرسیده به زشک و قزوین به...
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Nepeta natanzensis Jamzad is described as a new species from Karkas Mountain in Esfahan province. It is related to N. lasiocephala Benth. but differs from it in floral characters, indumentum and bracts. These species belong to the natural... more
Nepeta natanzensis Jamzad is described as a new species from Karkas Mountain in Esfahan province. It is related to N. lasiocephala Benth. but differs from it in floral characters, indumentum and bracts. These species belong to the natural group of species in Sect. Capituliferae (Benth.) Pojark. characterized by the capitate inflorescence, corolla and calyx shape. Nepeta trachonitica Post is recorded from NW Iran for the first time.
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Hydro‐distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. was obtained at yield of 3.82% w/w based on dry weight. The oil was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Forty‐eight components were identified... more
Hydro‐distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. was obtained at yield of 3.82% w/w based on dry weight. The oil was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Forty‐eight components were identified that approximately constitute 96% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were thymol (35.1%), p‐cymene (22.1%), γ‐terpinene (13.7%) and carvacrol (4.0%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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ABSTRACT
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Abstract The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) contains 65 species and hybrids that are distributed all over Iran, eighteen of which are endemics. In this study, hydrodistilled essential oils from the aerial parts of eleven population of Salvia... more
Abstract The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) contains 65 species and hybrids that are distributed all over Iran, eighteen of which are endemics. In this study, hydrodistilled essential oils from the aerial parts of eleven population of Salvia bracteata Banks & Soland were investigated mainly by a combination of GC and GC-MS, for the first time. Forty-six components were identified in the oils. The main constituents of the essential oils were β-caryopyllene (10.7–41.6%), y-muurolene (27.1–36.3%), bicyclogermacrene (1.8–9.9%), caryophyllene oxide (1.5–9.6%) and ot-humulene (1.1–9.4%). Although the main components of all the oils are common, but there are some differences between the percentages of major components and also minor constituents.
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In a taxonomic revision of the genus Scutellaria in Iran, the specimens identified as Sc. multicaulis Boiss. in the herbarium of Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands (TARI) as well as specimens belonging to the newly collected... more
In a taxonomic revision of the genus Scutellaria in Iran, the specimens identified as Sc. multicaulis Boiss. in the herbarium of Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands (TARI) as well as specimens belonging to the newly collected materials were examined and sampled for DNA sequencing by using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F as molecular markers. Morphological variations such as flowers color, leaf shape and indumentum were diagnostic characters in the studied specimens. Accordingly, specimens could be divided into two different morphological groups. Sampling of representatives of each morphological group was carried out for DNA sequencing. The results showed differences in sequences of determined groups. Based on the results of this study, three new taxa are recognized and described.
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The Iranian species of Nepeta were investigated as part of a phylogenetic study of the genus. The relationships among species revealed the status of some taxa including three new species. The new species are recognized by differences in... more
The Iranian species of Nepeta were investigated as part of a phylogenetic study of the genus. The relationships among species revealed the status of some taxa including three new species. The new species are recognized by differences in morphology as well as molecular characters. Nepeta balouchestanica, N. mahanensis, and N. hormozganica are described as new and their relationships with closely related taxa discussed.
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Scilla L. s.l. (Hyacinthaceae) comprises about 100 species distributed in south Europe, the Mediterranean region, and central and western Asia with 10 species reported from Iran. However, according to recent studies based on molecular... more
Scilla L. s.l. (Hyacinthaceae) comprises about 100 species distributed in south Europe, the Mediterranean region, and central and western Asia with 10 species reported from Iran. However, according to recent studies based on molecular data Scilla s.l. is not monophyletic and should be divided into several smaller genera, i.e. Fessia Speta, Othocallis Salisb., Pfosseria Speta, Prospero Salisb., Scilla s.s. and Zagrosia Speta. In the present study the pollen grains of 13 species representing six segregate genera within Scilla s.l. were studied to evaluate the taxonomic value of pollen characters for generic delimitation. Pollen grains of all examined species were found to be monosulcate, prolate or sub-prolate and heteropolar. Three different types of exine sculpturing were recognized: fossulate, perforate–reticulate and perforate. In Prospero autumnale (=Scilla autumnalis) pollen exine sculpturing is fossulate. In Othocallis armena, O. mischtschenkoana, O. rosenii and O. siberica (=Scilla armena, S. mischtschenkoana, S. rosenii and S. siberica) exine sculpturing is perforate–reticulate with mainly large perforations surrounded by smaller ones. In Fessia gorganica, F. greilhuberi, F. hohenakeri, F. khorassanica and F. raewskiana (=S. gorganica, S. greilhuberi, S. hohenakeri, S. khorassanica and S. raewskiana) the exine is perforate with rather uniform perforation. Zagrosia persica (=S. persica) has the same exine type as Fessia spp. In Pfosseria, the exine is perforate with linear and circular perforations. Scilla s.s. has a perforate exine, but the perforations are not uniform and their size and shape are variable. Our results are generally congruent with the circumscription of the new genera previously included in Scilla s.l. and show that pollen exine morphology is useful as an additional taxonomic character for the delimitation these segregate genera.
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Abstract The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) contains 65 species and hybrids that are distributed all over Iran, eighteen of which are endemics. In this study, hydrodistilled essential oils from the aerial parts of eleven population of Salvia... more
Abstract The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) contains 65 species and hybrids that are distributed all over Iran, eighteen of which are endemics. In this study, hydrodistilled essential oils from the aerial parts of eleven population of Salvia bracteata Banks & Soland were investigated mainly by a combination of GC and GC-MS, for the first time. Forty-six components were identified in the oils. The main constituents of the essential oils were β-caryopyllene (10.7–41.6%), y-muurolene (27.1–36.3%), bicyclogermacrene (1.8–9.9%), caryophyllene oxide (1.5–9.6%) and ot-humulene (1.1–9.4%). Although the main components of all the oils are common, but there are some differences between the percentages of major components and also minor constituents.
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Abstract: Water distilled essential oils of the aerial parts of two Labiateae species: Hymnocrater elegens Bunge. and Lagochillus aucheri Boiss., were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty three compounds representing 92.6 % of the oil of H.... more
Abstract: Water distilled essential oils of the aerial parts of two Labiateae species: Hymnocrater elegens Bunge. and Lagochillus aucheri Boiss., were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty three compounds representing 92.6 % of the oil of H. elegans were identified, among which α-cadinol (12.4 %), caryophyllene oxide (11.6 %) and β-caryophyllene (9.6 %) were the major compounds. Germacrene D (20.8 %), α-pinene (19.7 %) and β-bourbonene (6.9 %) were the main components among the forty five compounds, comprising 91.3 % of the total oil of L. aucheri.
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Pancreatic cancer is associated with highly malignant tumors and poor prognosis due to strong therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence shows that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the malignant... more
Pancreatic cancer is associated with highly malignant tumors and poor prognosis due to strong therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence shows that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, the rapid development of single-cell sequencing technology has facilitated the analysis of PSC population heterogeneity, allowing for the elucidation of the relationship between different subsets of cells with tumor development and therapeutic resistance. Researchers have identified two spatially separated, functionally complementary, and reversible subtypes, namely myofibroblastic and inflammatory PSC. Myofibroblastic PSC produce large amounts of pro-fibroproliferative collagen fibers, whereas inflammatory PSC express large amounts of inflammatory cytokines. These distinct cell subtypes cooperate to create a microenvironment suitable for cancer cell survival. Therefore, further understanding of the diff...
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حور سابعزيگنا يميظع 1 نك ديفس همطاف ، 2 داز مج ابيز ، ۲ يكيناخ يشخباضرملاغ و 3 1 نشراك يوجشناد رون مايپ هاگشناد دشرا يسا ) نارهت دحاو ( ،عتارم و اهلگنج تاقيقحت هسسؤم وضع و e-mail: rouhangiz_azimi@yahoo.com 2 يملع تأيه ياضعا عتارم و اهلگنج... more
حور سابعزيگنا يميظع 1 نك ديفس همطاف ، 2 داز مج ابيز ، ۲ يكيناخ يشخباضرملاغ و 3 1 نشراك يوجشناد رون مايپ هاگشناد دشرا يسا ) نارهت دحاو ( ،عتارم و اهلگنج تاقيقحت هسسؤم وضع و e-mail: rouhangiz_azimi@yahoo.com 2 يملع تأيه ياضعا عتارم و اهلگنج تاقيقحت هسسؤم 3 رون مايپ هاگشناد يملع تأيه وضع هديكچ سنج Vitex هريت زا Lamiaceae و يلامش هركمين يريسمرگ قطانم رد دراد يگدنكارپ يبونج . دودح 250 هنوگ هتخانش نآ زا تسا هدش و شرتسگ ت يدادع زا هنوگ قطانم ات نآ ياه يم همادا زين هلدتعم دباي . يژولوفروم تايصوصخ يسررب لگ ،هقاس ،گرب و وفروموركيم ياهيسررب رانك رد لگ هساك ول كيژ هنوگ راهچ روضح V. agnus-castus ، V. pseudo-negundo ، V. negundo, و V.
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Premise of this study Salvia is the most species-rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses... more
Premise of this study Salvia is the most species-rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses to address the tempo and mode of diversification. To study the association of floral traits with speciation and extinction, we modeled and explored the evolution of corolla length and the lever-mechanism pollination system across our Salvia phylogeny. Methods We reconstructed a multigene phylogeny for 366 species of Salvia in the broad sense including all major recognized lineages and numerous species from Iran, a region previously overlooked in studies of the genus. Our phylogenetic data in combination with divergence time estimates were used to examine the evolution of corolla length, woody vs. herbaceous habit, and presence vs. absence of a lever mechanism. We investigated the timing and dependence of Salvia diversification related to corolla len...