emrah bilgener

The gabapentinoids (pregabalin and gabapentin) have been developed as anticonvulsants and have been prescribed increasingly for more than one different medical indication in recent years. Although the risks of addiction and the abuse of them were considered as low probability in the past, recent studies have shown that the situation is very different about them. Especially, pregabalin consumption has become remarkable about its adverse effects. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of the abuse related to pregabalin consumption data between 2004 and 2019. Due to the warnings made by the World Health Organization, the pregabalin consumption has decreased by approximately 50% all around the world in 2019. According to our results, the pregabalin consumption in Turkey has increased by 36 times between 2007 and 2018. After the prescription status was changed in 2019, its consumption has decreased by about 50%, the same as the world. The data obtained in this rese...

Two medicinal products are bioequivalent if they are pharmaceutically equivalent or pharmaceutical alternatives and if their bioavailability after administration in the same molar dose is similar to such degree that their effects, with respect to both efficacy and safety, will be essentially the same. The generic drug that contains the same active substance and same pharmacological activity with the original drug and approved for 'bioequivalence', has to possess the same level of benefit and risks of original one. These drugs should be produced in the factories that are audited with the GMP rules. In this study, the opinions of physicians, in Çorum, Turkiye, about the generic and original drugs will be reflected. For this reason, a survey of 15 questions has been practiced with 127 expert physicians and 209 practitioner (trainee) physicians. The findings of the study presented that most of the physicians do not believe in the effectiveness of generic (substitute) drugs. Also...

Marketing has an important role in modern life. Marketing provides economical and social bene-fits with correleating between producers and consumers. Promotional activities are necessary for better marketing strategies. Therefore, firms have to give more importance to promotional activities. Promotional activities are marketing instruments that an-nounced all the knowledges about the products and services to their consumers, for surviving and de-veloping the firms. Nowadays drug producers are marketing their products all arround the world. But, drugs are not ordinary products, for this reason more importance must be given to drug marketing and promotion. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of promotion within the marketing in Turkish Drug Industry. The material of this study is an uniform questionnaire with 41 questions applied to about 190-200 medical representatives who work in Çorum, Yozgat, Amasya and Tokat cities for 37 firms which are the members of Federation o...

ÖZET Meslek seçimi bireyin gelecek planını yapmasında ve gelecekte yaşamdaki duruşunu belirlemesinde en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Kişisel yetenekler, imkanlar, gelecekteki kariyer hedefi, istekler, sosyal özellikler gibi unsurlar meslek seçiminde etkili olan objektif kriterler olarak görülebilir. Ancak bireyler meslek kararı verirken sübjektif etkilere de kapılabilmektedir. Çeşitli imkansızlıklar, ailenin ve çevrenin etkisi, gelecek kaygısı gibi etkenler bireyleri uygun meslek seçiminden uzaklaştırmaktadır. Bireyin kendisine uygun doğru mesleği seçebilmesi için objektif ve doğru karar vermesi gerekmektedir. Özyeterlilik kavramı bireyin özgüveninin artmasını sağlamakla birlikte doğru değerlendirme, karar verme ve dış etkilere karşı koyma yetilerini artırmaktadır. Kişinin yaşamındaki olumlu ve olumsuz etkenler, geçmiş yaşamı, sosyal çevre gibi birçok etken özyeterliliği etkilemektedir. Özyeterlilik bireyin yaşamını idame ettirmesinde değerlendirme, problem çözme, karar verme gibi konularda etkili olan, bireyin özgüveninin yüksek olmasını sağlayan bir etkendir. Özyeterlilik unsuru birçok alanda olduğu gibi meslek seçiminde de verilen kararları etkilemektedir. Araştırmada, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin özyeterlilik durumu ile meslek seçimi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerinin meslek seçimin etkilemesinin yanı sıra özyeterlilik düzeyinde göre de meslek seçiminde farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özyeterliliği yüksek olan bireylerin meslek seçiminde daha etkin ve uygun kararlar verdikleri belirlenmiştir. ABSTRACT Choosing a profession is one of the most important factors in making an individual's future plan and determining his / her future stance. Factors such as personal abilities, opportunities, future career goals, aspirations, social characteristics can be seen as objective criteria that affect the choice of profession. However, individuals may have subjective effects when making a professional decision. Factors such as various impossibilities, the impact of the family and the environment, and future anxiety distract individuals from appropriate choice of profession. The individual has to make an objective and correct decision in order to choose the right profession for himself. The concept of self-efficacy increases the individual's self-confidence and increases the ability of correct assessment, decision-making and resisting external influences. Many factors such as positive and negative factors in the person's life, past life and social environment affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is an effective factor in issues such as assessment, problem solving and decision-making in maintaining an individual's life. As in many areas, self-efficacy affects the decisions taken in the choice of profession. In

Marketing has an important role in modern life. Marketing provides economical and social benefits with correleating between producers and consumers. Promotional activities are necessary for better marketing strategies. Therefore, firms have to give more importance to promotional activities. Promotional activities are marketing instruments that announced all the knowledges about the products and services to their consumers, for surviving and developing the firms. Nowadays drug producers are marketing their products all arround the world. But, drugs are not ordinary products, for this reason more importance must be given to drug marketing and promotion. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of promotion within the marketing in Turkish Drug Industry. The material of this study is an uniform questionnaire with 41 questions applied to about 190-200 medical representatives who work in Corum, Yozgat, Amasya and Tokat cities for 37 firms which are the members of Federation of E...

Amac: Proton Pompasi Inhibitorleri (PPI) Peptik Ulser, Gastroozofagial Reflu, Gastrit ve diger Sindirim sistemi asit sekresyon hastaliklarinda kullanilan guclu ilaclardir. Bu calismada bu grup ilaclarin Turkiye’de 2006-2011 yillarina gore tuketimleri incelenerek Farmakoekonomik acidan maliyet analizi yapilacaktir. Gerec ve Yontem: PPI ilaclari hakkinda karsilastirmalarin yapildigi son yillarda yayinlanmis calismalarin sonuclari ve Intercontinental Marketing Services – Health (IMS/Health) den alinan 2006-2011 yillari arasindaki tuketim verileri uzerinden analiz gerceklestirilmistir. Sonuc ve Tartisma: Tum PPI’lerin 2006 yilindan 2011 yilina kadar kutu bazinda satislari omeprazol haricinde yuksek oranlarda artmistir. Diger PPI’lere gore daha dusuk maliyetli olan omeprazol’un hekimler tarafindan tercih edilmedigi gorulmustur. Karsilastirmali analizlerde PPI’lerinin etkinlik acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklarinin olmadigi tespit edilmistir. Tartisma:Tedavide anlamli bir fark...

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions of pharmacists, who are important users of e-prescribing practices in Turkey, on the function of a prescription application. Method A questionnaire was developed to determine the opinions of pharmacists on Turkish e-prescribing practices, using a stratified and systematic random sampling method. A total of 378 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Results The average level of satisfaction of e-prescription reported by pharmacists was 4.4 ± 0.8. Although 52.4% of the participating pharmacists reported no problems using the e-prescription application, 47.6% reported encountering problems. The majority of the problems associated with e-prescription practices were caused by the physicians who entered the e-prescription into the system. The most common problem (17.4%) reported was the inability to read the e-prescription code as written by physicians. The primary contribution of the e-prescribing practice reported by...

Gelistirilen bircok yeni teshis ve tedavi yontemlerinin maliyetleri teknolojileri ile ayni oranda artmistir. Saglik hizmetlerine artan talep ilac ve saglik harcamalarini artirmaktadir. Ancak, bir noktadan sonra harcamalarin artmasi saglik statusunde herhangi bir degisime etki etmemektedir. Ureticiler insanlarin saglik statulerine olan zaaflarini kullanarak daha cok parayi harcamalari icin caba gostermektedirler. Bu cabalar saglik harcamalarinin duzenli bir sekilde artmasina neden olmustur.Artan bu maliyetler hukumetleri ulusal saglik politikalari gelistirmek zorunda birakmistir. Ilacin fiyati uzerinde yapilan duzenlemeler, hizmet saglayicilar ve ureticiler ile yapilan degisik anlasmalar artmakta olan ilac harcamalarina surdurulebilir bir cozum getirememistir.Temel olarak Saglik Ekonomisi genel ekonomi bilimi kurallarinin saglik sektorune uygulanmasiyla, yani bu kurallarin saglik sektorune adapte edilmesiyle ortaya cikan uygulamali bir alt daldir. Farmakoekonomi ise ilk basta saglik ...

ÖZ Amaç: Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı sonrasında serbest eczaneler toplumun her kesimine artık sosyal güvence kapsamında eczacılık hizmeti sunmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde eczaneler, sadece reçete içeriğinin hazırlanıp sunulduğu bir kurumdan ziyade erişilebilirliği, eczacıların eğitimi ve bilgileri ile ilaç veya sağlık danışmanlığı açısından toplumun önemli bir sağlık noktası haline gelmektedir. Bu süreçte hizmeti alan hastaların eczacılık hizmetlerinden memnuniyetleri ölçülerek bir durum değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ölçüm aracı olarak Sakharkar (2015) ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen, Okuyan (2016) ve arkadaşları tarafından Türkçe geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışması yapılan Eczacılık Hizmetleri ile ilgili Hasta Memnuniyeti Anketi (The Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services Questionnaire-PSPSQ 2,0) kullanılmıştır. Ölçek Çorum il merkezinde yaşayan bireylere uygulanmıştır. Örneklem grubuna 445 kişi dâhil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için frekans testleri, hi...

Objectives: Community pharmacies have financial difficulties due to the reasons such as economic crises in recent years, increased competition, reimbursement cuts, decreasing drug prices and profit ratio, and increasing operation costs. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial status of community pharmacies in Çorum and to guide future sectoral financial studies. Materials and Methods: One of the most commonly used method to evaulate about the financial status and performance of companies is “Ratio Analysis Method”. This Ratio Analysis has been conducted with the accounting data of 51 of the 93 community pharmacies operating in Çorum City. Results: Considering the results of the ratio analysis in general, the pharmacies in Çorum have liquidity problems. More than half of the pharmacies could not pay their short term debts with their current assets at the years mentioned in the study. Community pharmacies take more debt/credit to pay their short-term debts. The deb...

Marketing has an important role in modern life. Marketing provides economical and social bene- fits with correleating between producers and consumers. Promotional activities are necessary for better marketing strategies. Therefore, firms have to give more importance to promotional activities. Promotional activities are marketing instruments that an- nounced all the knowledges about the products and services to their consumers, for surviving