Setegn Gebeyehu
International Rice Research Institute, CESD, Department Member
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Agronomy, Biology, Phosphorus, Cultivar, Fertilizer, and 3 morePhaseolus, Crop, and Randomized Block design
... SVxCS 11.76 Note: SV= soybean variety, CS= cropping system Source: Negash, 2001 (unpublished) Planting Schedule and Pattern for Maize ... row and broadcasting, and times of planting were simultaneous seeding and bean relayed at... more
... SVxCS 11.76 Note: SV= soybean variety, CS= cropping system Source: Negash, 2001 (unpublished) Planting Schedule and Pattern for Maize ... row and broadcasting, and times of planting were simultaneous seeding and bean relayed at shilshallo stage of maize (Habtamu et al ...
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Information on the response of basic generations of a population to drought stress may help in designing effective breeding procedure and identification of selection criteria that can be used to develop suitable cultivars. This study was... more
Information on the response of basic generations of a population to drought stress may help in designing effective breeding procedure and identification of selection criteria that can be used to develop suitable cultivars. This study was carried out to assess the differential effects of drought stress initiated at flowering stage on the growth, physiological and yield related traits of six basic generations of two common bean populations made of crosses between pairs of drought resistant and susceptible parents par (Roba-1 X SER-16; Melka-Dima X SAB623). On average, the stress imposed reduced the various characters examined in the range of 3 % (pod length) to 28 % (seed yield). Canopy temperature and chlorophyll content, however, increased in response to the stress. When generations of the two populations were compared, those obtained from Melka-Dima X SAB-623 were more sensitive to drought than Roba 1 X SER-16 counterparts. In both crosses, the drought susceptible parents (Roba 1 a...
Information on genetic gain achieved over time from a breeding program is absolutely essential to develop effective and efficient breeding strategies by assessing the efficiency of past improvement works in genetic yield potential and... more
Information on genetic gain achieved over time from a breeding program is absolutely essential to develop effective and efficient breeding strategies by assessing the efficiency of past improvement works in genetic yield potential and suggest on future selection direction to facilitate further improvement. The regression analysis demonstrated an increase in estimated average annual rate in grain yield potential of 27.5 and 29.46 kg ha-1 year-1 with an annual relative genetic change of 0.78 and 1.01% yr-1 at Melkassa and Mieso, respectively. The results signify important efforts of the past breeding program and, also, absence of plateau which, in turn, imply the potential for further improvement in grain yield of sorghum. In general, this book provides a comprehensive explanation and appraisal information generated from the genetic improvement on released sorghum varieties in Ethiopia could serve as baseline to generate reliable information regarding genetic improvement and morpho-ph...
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Changes in carbohydrate status and metabolism in the source and sink organs determine rate of growth and yield of plants subjected to drought stress. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of lost-flowering drought stress on... more
Changes in carbohydrate status and metabolism in the source and sink organs determine rate of growth and yield of plants subjected to drought stress. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of lost-flowering drought stress on assimilate synthesis at source level and availability of the assimilates for metabolism in the reproductive sink organs of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in degree of drought resistance. A drought-resistant inbred line (SEA 15) and a drought-susceptible cultivar (BrSp) were grown under non-stress and drought stress commenced at early pod-filling stage. Plants were raised in a vegetation hall during the summer of 2005. Drought stress reduced the seed yields of BrSp and SEA 15 by 53 and 30%, respectively. Harvest index of the susceptible genotype decreased by ca. 29%, whereas no effect of drought was found for the partitioning index in the resistant genotype implying marked differences in sink strength at whole plant level be...
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Low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management practices constrain crop production in Ethiopia. Diagnosing soil fertility problems and characterizing soils are a prerequisite for formulating appropriate soil fertility management... more
Low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management practices constrain crop production in Ethiopia. Diagnosing soil fertility problems and characterizing soils are a prerequisite for formulating appropriate soil fertility management practices. However, most soil fertility problems in Ethiopia are not diagnosed, and the soils are not characterized. This invariably leads to lack of documented information for judicious application of soil ameliorative measures to increase crop yields. This study was, therefore, aimed at characterizing soil of Jijiga Plain in the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia on which wheat is commonly grown. The study was conducted during the main cropping season of 2012/2013. The study area was stratified in to three altitude categories 1650 - 1700, 1750 - 1800, 1850 - 1900 meters above sea level prior to sampling. Then, a total of 3 x 2 x 30 x 3 = 540 disturbed soil samples were collected from the surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) layers across the a...
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Selection of maize and legumes variety selection in Ethiopia target only sole cropping system without considering the relative performance of varieties of varying morphologies under maize/legume intercropping. The objective of this study... more
Selection of maize and legumes variety selection in Ethiopia target only sole cropping system without considering the relative performance of varieties of varying morphologies under maize/legume intercropping. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of intercropping maize and common bean varieties with different morphologies on yield and system productivity of maize/common bean intercropping system. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three maize (BH543, BH661 and Gibe-2) and three common bean (Anger, Nassier and Haramaya) varieties and sole crops of the six varieties, which were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted at Bako, western Ethiopia, during the main cropping seasons of 2011 and 2012. Main effects due to variety and cropping system were significant for maize biomass and grain yield in both years. Relative to sole cropping system, intercropping significantly reduced maize and common ...
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in regions where water deficit during reproductive development significantly reduces yield. The objective of this study was to assess morpho-physiological response to post-flowering drought... more
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is grown in regions where water deficit during reproductive development significantly reduces yield. The objective of this study was to assess morpho-physiological response to post-flowering drought stress in small red seeded common bean genotypes of diverse origin under field conditions. Forty-nine genotypes were evaluated in a 7 x 7 simple lattice design under two soil moisture regimes, non-stress (NS) and drought stress (DS) growth conditions in Gofa, Southern Ethiopia. Drought stress was initiated at flowering stage by withholding application of irrigation water. Significant differences were found among genotypes and between the soil moisture regimes except for days to flowering for the morpho-physiological traits considered. Drought stress reduced seed yield, harvest index (HI), seed per pod, seed per plant and 100-seed weight by 59%, 39%, 15%, 29 % and 19%, respectively. Drought-induced reduction in seed yield of the tested genotypes ranged ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity is low in major growing regions of Ethiopia mainly due to drought, caused by low and erratic rainfall. A field experiment was carried out at Gofa in Southern Ethiopia, to assess genetic... more
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity is low in major growing regions of Ethiopia mainly due to drought, caused by low and erratic rainfall. A field experiment was carried out at Gofa in Southern Ethiopia, to assess genetic variability for drought resistance in forty-nine small red seeded common bean genotypes of both local and foreign origin. The genotypes were evaluated under two soil moisture regimes, non-stress (NS) and drought stress (DS). Drought stress was initiated at flowering by withholding application of irrigation water. The average linkage method of clustering grouped the forty-nine genotypes grown under drought stress condition in five clusters. The maximum distance was found between Cluster I and Cluster III. Pattern of variation examined through principal component analysis (PCA) involving morpho-physiological traits showed that the first four PCs accounted for more than 74 % of the total variation, of which 59.9 % was contributed by the first two PCs. The...
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Assimilate availability and the capacity to utilise them in the reproductive structures to a large extent determine reproductive sink establishment and yield of crops under drought stress. This study was carried out to investigate the... more
Assimilate availability and the capacity to utilise them in the reproductive structures to a large extent determine reproductive sink establishment and yield of crops under drought stress. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress imposed at early pod-fill stage on seed sink strength of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in drought resistance. Quantitative and qualitative changes in leaf protein patterns was assessed using 2D-gel electrophoresis. A drought-resistant inbred line (SEA 15) and a drought-susceptible cultivar (BrSp) were grown under non-stress and drought stress conditions in a vegetation hall during the summer of 2004. Drought stress commenced at early pod-filling stage caused 53 and 30 % seed yield reductions in BrSp and SEA 15, respectively. The effect of drought on seed yield was primarily due to the significant reduction in number of seeds per plant (48 % for BrSp vs. 35 % for SEA 15). Whereas seed sucrose concentrat...
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Sixteen field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for evaluating agronomic performance, reaction to diseases (downy and powdery mildew and ascochyta blight),... more
Sixteen field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for evaluating agronomic performance, reaction to diseases (downy and powdery mildew and ascochyta blight), genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability across 12 environments during 2004-2006 at highlands of Bale, South eastern Ethiopia. In this study various statistical methods of analyzing agronomic performance, disease reaction and yield stability were used. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for agronomic characters revealed that there was highly significant (P<0.01) variation were obtained between days to flowering, days to maturity, pod per plant, seed per pod and plant height across locations and years. Similarly, the linear association of disease severity with grain yield and the stability parameters were analyzed indicating that the variation of disease severity over different environments on a particular genotype/variety is on...
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Understanding the variation in physiological response to deficit irrigation together with better knowledge on physiological characteristics of different genotypes that contribute to drought adaptation mechanisms would be helpful in... more
Understanding the variation in physiological response to deficit irrigation together with better knowledge on physiological characteristics of different genotypes that contribute to drought adaptation mechanisms would be helpful in transferring different irrigation technologies to farmers. A field experiment was carried to investigate the physiological response of four tomato cultivars ( Fetan , Chali , Cochoro and ARP Tomato d2 ) to moderate water deficit induced by alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and deficit irrigation (DI) under semi-arid condition of Ethiopia during 2013 and 2014. The study also aimed at identifying physiological attributes to the fruit yield of tomato under different deficit irrigation techniques. A factorial combination of irrigation treatments and cultivar were arranged in a complete randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that stomatal conductance (g_s) was significantly reduced while photosynthetic performance measured as chlorophyll fluor...
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The effect of integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on growth, yield, and terminal moisture stress tolerance of rain-fed lowland rice was assessed in a field experiment carried out at... more
The effect of integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on growth, yield, and terminal moisture stress tolerance of rain-fed lowland rice was assessed in a field experiment carried out at Fogera plains, in north-western Ethiopia during the main cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011. Treatments were factorial combinations of three rates of FYM (0, 7.5, and 15 t ha), three rates of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 kg N ha) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 kg P2O5 ha). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected on rice yield and yield components. Leaf area index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and harvest index (HI) were computed. Economic analysis was also performed by estimating costs of alternative uses of FYM and inorganic fertilizers as well as grain and straw prices. Analysis of the results revealed that applying FYM at 15 t ha...
Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne... more
Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es nicht gestattet, das Buch oder Teile daraus auf fotomechanischem Weg (Fotokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen.
Common bean variety selection within its production environment is often challenged by the occurrence of significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) in the variety development process. Grain yield performance of 16 navy bean (... more
Common bean variety selection within its production environment is often challenged by the occurrence of significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) in the variety development process. Grain yield performance of 16 navy bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines was tested in a multi-environment variety trial during 2010 and 2011 main growing seasons of Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in 14 rainfed environments of the major common bean growing areas. The objectives were to assess the line by environment interactions (LEI), determine stable genotypes, and grouping of test environments. Significant differences were found among the lines for grain yield on each environment and combined over environments. The combined analysis of variance across environments indicated that both environment and LE interactions were significantly influenced lines yield. All interactions in relation to L×E showed high signifi...
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International Centre for Development Orient Research in Agriculture (ICRA), Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO) Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre (MARC), German Development Foundation (DSE)
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Field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common bean to the application of phosphorus, lime and compost under field condition at Areka during Belg and Meher seasons in 2013. The treatments consisted of three rates... more
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common bean to the application of phosphorus, lime and compost under field condition at Areka during Belg and Meher seasons in 2013. The treatments consisted of three rates of compost (0, 5 and 10 tonnes ha-1), three rates of lime (0, 0.64 and 1.28 tonne ha-1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. The results revealed that main effects of compost, lime, and phosphorus were significant for number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1. Grain yield responded to two-factor interactions effect of lime × phosphorus in both seasons and compost × phosphorus, compost × lime only in Belg and lime × phosphorus in Meher season. Hence, in Belg the maximum (2834.9 kg ha-1) grain yield was obtained as a result of combined application of lime and phosphorus at rates of 1.28 tonne and 46 kg P2...
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In Ethiopia, the formal seed sector meets only less than 10% of the total seed demand of our farmers. Given such a huge difference between supply and demand, the development of alternative seed sources such as farmer based seed production... more
In Ethiopia, the formal seed sector meets only less than 10% of the total seed demand of our farmers. Given such a huge difference between supply and demand, the development of alternative seed sources such as farmer based seed production in addition to existing formal seed sector cannot be considered optional. This paper summarizes the experience of impact oriented decentralized seed system and farmer based seed production and dissemination The experiences include demand creation for improved bean varieties, multiplication of farmer preferred varieties, initiating localized seed production and decentralized recovery and redistribution of seed to wider seed beneficiaries. Partnership, monitoring and evaluation and capacity development were the cornerstones of all the activities designed in these projects.. The strengthening of farmers’ association/union is indispensible in providing conducive marketing environment for informal seed sector and ensuring localized as well as sustainabl...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) productivity is low in major growing regions of Ethiopia mainly due to drought, caused by low and erratic rainfall. A field experiment was carried out at Gofa in Southern Ethiopia, to assess genetic... more
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) productivity is low in major growing regions of Ethiopia mainly due to drought, caused by low and erratic rainfall. A field experiment was carried out at Gofa in Southern Ethiopia, to assess genetic variability for drought resistance in forty-nine small red seeded common bean genotypes of both local and foreign origin. The genotypes were evaluated under two soil moisture regimes, non-stress (NS) and drought stress (DS). Drought stress was initiated at flowering by withholding application of irrigation water. The average linkage method of clustering grouped the forty-nine genotypes grown under drought stress condition in five clusters. The maximum distance was found between Cluster I and Cluster III. Pattern of variation examined through principal component analysis (PCA) involving morpho-physiological traits showed that the first four PCs accounted for more than 74% of the total variation, of which 59.9% was contributed by the first two PCs. The ...
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ABSTRACT Returns on investment into development of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties are realized when the varieties are widely used by farmers to enhance crop productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the dynamics in the... more
ABSTRACT Returns on investment into development of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties are realized when the varieties are widely used by farmers to enhance crop productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the dynamics in the use of improved varieties/seeds and the sources preferred by farmers. The study employed formal survey and a multistage, random sampling to obtain data from 360 rice farmers from Kyela, Kahama and Kilombero districts of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model were used for data analysis. Results highlighted that nonavailability of improved seeds, lack of awareness about improved seeds and low specialization in rice production were the major factors responsible for little or no use of improved seeds by farmers. Perceived utility drivers in the choice of rice varieties to be used by farmers were yield, market appeal (marketability), taste, aroma and milling quality. Furthermore, 90% of rice seed used by farmers came from farmer-managed seed systems. The driving factors for the choice of source of rice seeds used by farmers were crop establishment method used, access to credit and high level of specialization of farmers (p < 0.05). The study suggests that extensive promotion of improved varieties by public and private sector actors can considerably enhance the use of improved rice seeds in the country. Regular monitoring of variety adoption and strengthening of the improved rice seed supply system to foster efficient and effective use of improved seeds should help ensure returns on investment into variety development.
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ABSTRACT This article reports on a study that assessed the qualities of rice seeds collected from formal and informal channels in Tanzania. Seed sources used by farmers and the seed selection and management practices followed also were... more
ABSTRACT This article reports on a study that assessed the qualities of rice seeds collected from formal and informal channels in Tanzania. Seed sources used by farmers and the seed selection and management practices followed also were examined. More than 90% of farmers’ seed samples met the national standards for key seed quality parameters. Field grow-out tests revealed that only about a fifth of the samples from the two systems met the minimum standard for genetic purity. Because most farmers rely on their own saved seed, enhancing skills in seed selection and maintenance is needed to ensure higher paddy productivity and marketability.
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Soil acidity is among the major limiting factors for common bean nodulation and productivity. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the application of phosphorus (P), lime, and compost on nodulation and... more
Soil acidity is among the major limiting factors for common bean nodulation and productivity. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the application of phosphorus (P), lime, and compost on nodulation and dry-matter accumulation of common bean under field conditions at Areka during the long rainy season (belg) and short rainy season (meher). Three rates of compost (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1), three rates of lime (0, 0.64 and 1.28 t ha-1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1) were laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. All data on nodulation and aboveground drymatter were collected. Results showed that the combined application of P at rates of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and lime at rates of 1.28 t ha-1 resulted in the maximum number of total and effective nodules during the long rainy season. Similarly, application of the highest rates of compost along with the highest rates of lime inc...
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One of the major causes of low yield of common bean in Ethiopia is the shortage and/or inaccessibility of high quality seed. In the Hararghe highlands of eastern Ethiopia, farmers often use common bean seeds produced both under sole crop... more
One of the major causes of low yield of common bean in Ethiopia is the shortage and/or inaccessibility of high quality seed. In the Hararghe highlands of eastern Ethiopia, farmers often use common bean seeds produced both under sole crop and intercrop systems. This study was carried out to investigate the physical, physiological and health qualities of common bean seed produced under sole crop and intercrop systems by smallholder farmers of three districts of West Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Samples from seed retained for 2011 main cropping season planting were collected from 100 households and tested using standard laboratory procedures. Results indicated that seeds obtained from sole crop were different from those obtained from intercrop system in physical purity and percentage of pathogen infected seeds whereas the physiological quality related characteristics were similar between the two cropping systems. With a mean pure seed proportion of above 98%, all seed samples obtai...
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Terminal moisture stress is one of the major problems constraining rain-fed lowland rice production in northwestern Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at Fogera plains to study the effect of hydro-priming and... more
Terminal moisture stress is one of the major problems constraining rain-fed lowland rice production in northwestern Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at Fogera plains to study the effect of hydro-priming and pre-germinating rice seed on the yield and response of the crop to terminal moisture stress. A factorial combination of eight seed treatments and three sowing times were studied in RCB design with three replications. Data on crop phenology, shoot biomass, leaf area, number of productive and unproductive tillers, filled and unfilled spikeletes, plant height, biomass yield, thousand seed weight, and grain yield were collected and analyzed. The results revealed that planting pre-germinated seeds as well as seeds soaked and dried for 24 hrs at the local (farmers’) sowing time resulted in significantly earlier seedling emergence, heading, and maturity. Higher numbers of productive tillers, filled spikeletes, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilatio...
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ABSTRACT Rice production is an important source of livelihoods for farmers of the Fogera plains in northwestern Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is markedly reduced due to adverse effects of recurring terminal moisture... more
ABSTRACT Rice production is an important source of livelihoods for farmers of the Fogera plains in northwestern Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is markedly reduced due to adverse effects of recurring terminal moisture stress at the end of the growing season. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in the area for two growing seasons during the 2010 and 2011 cropping years. The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of seedling age and time of sowing or transplanting on the yield and yield components of the crop under rain-fed condition. Four seedling ages, with direct sowing of dry seeds included as a control treatment, and three planting dates were combined in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete design (RCD) and tested with three replications. The four seedling ages were 15, 25, 35 and 45 days after emergence. The different aged seedlings and the dry seed as a control treatment were planted at three respective sowing dates. The three transplanting dates were set as the normal farmers’ sowing time, one week after the normal farmers’ sowing time, and two weeks after the normal farmers’ sowing time. Data were collected on yield and yield components of the crop. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. Economic analysis was also performed to compare the monetary merits of the treatments. The results of the experiment indicated that the rice plants reached maturity significantly earlier in response to planting 25-day-old seedlings one week after farmers’ sowing time. Similarly, the highest values of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), number of filled spikeletes and thousand seed weights were recorded for plants raised from 25-day old seedlings that were transplanted one week after farmers’ sowing time. Also higher grain yields and better economic advantages were obtained when 25-day-old seedlings were transplanted one week after the usual farmers’ rice sowing time. It could, thus, be concluded that transplanting rice seedlings at the age of 25 days in the nursery one week after farmers’ sowing time of the crop leads to optimum grain yields and economic benefits in the study area. Key words: Rice, rain-fed, lowland, seedling age, farmers’ sowing time, plating time.
ABSTRACT The effect of integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on growth, yield, and terminal moisture stress tolerance of rain-fed lowland rice was assessed in a field experiment... more
ABSTRACT The effect of integrated farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on growth, yield, and terminal moisture stress tolerance of rain-fed lowland rice was assessed in a field experiment carried out at Fogera plains, in north-western Ethiopia during the main cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011. Treatments were factorial combinations of three rates of FYM (0, 7.5, and 15 t ha-1), three rates of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 kg N ha-1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected on rice yield and yield components. Leaf area index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and harvest index (HI) were computed. Economic analysis was also performed by estimating costs of alternative uses of FYM and inorganic fertilizers as well as grain and straw prices. Analysis of the results revealed that applying FYM at 15 t ha-1 combined with 120 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 increased grain yield by 123% and 38% compared to the negative (0-0-0 kg ha-1 FYM-N-P2O5) and positive (0-120-100 kg ha-1 FYM-N-P2O5) controls, respectively. Similarly; LAI, CGR, NAR, the number of filled spikelets per panicle, N and P uptake,biomass yield, and grain protein content as well as agrophysiological efficiency of N and P were significantly enhanced in response to increasing the rates of FYM and inorganic N and P fertilizers. It was observed that 15 t ha-1 FYM combined with 120 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in the maximum grain yield, grain protein content, and terminal moisture stress escape. Though grain yield continued increasing significantly upto the highest combinations, results of the economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit was obtained in response to the application of 7.5 t ha-1 FYM combined with 120 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1. Key words: FYM, integrated,lowland, nitrogen, phosphorous, rain-fed, rice.
ABSTRACT Continuous flooding of rice from emergence to maturity is believed to suppress rice growth and productivity. A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain, northwestern Ethiopia, during the rainy season (June-October) in 2010... more
ABSTRACT Continuous flooding of rice from emergence to maturity is believed to suppress rice growth and productivity. A field experiment was conducted in Fogera plain, northwestern Ethiopia, during the rainy season (June-October) in 2010 and 2011 to determine appropriate water management practices for rainfed lowland rice production. Ten water management treatments were studied in RCB design with three replications. The water management treatments included continuous flooding, draining water after every 15 days and re-flooding after one day, draining water after every 15 days and re-flooding after two days , draining water after every 15 days and re-flooding after three days , draining water after every month and re-flooding after one day , draining water after every month and re-flooding after two days , draining water after every month and re-flooding after three days , draining water after every one and a half month and re-flooding after one day , draining water after every one and a half month and reflooding after two days and draining water after every one and a half month and re-flooding after three days . Data on leaf area at heading, plant height, thousand seeds weight, and grain and aboveground biomass yields were collected and analyzed. Leaf area index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) and harvest index (HI) were computed. Results of the experiment indicated that with continuous flooding, LAI, CGR, NAR, plant height, number of productive tillers, number of filled spiklets, grain yield and biomass yield were highly depressed but improved when drainage and aeration were practiced. Compared to continuous flooding, a grain yield increment of 26 % was obtained due to draining and re-flooding the water from 15-days to one month interval. It is concluded that the productivity of rain-fed lowland rice was depressed in response to continuous flooding whilst it was enhanced in response to draining and re-flooding the water at least every month. Key words: Rain-fed, lowland, continuous, flooding, draining.
Research Interests: Soil Science, Agronomy, Plant Biology, Agriculture, Farm Power and Machinery, and 18 morePlant Nutrition, Phosphorus, Forest Growth and Yield, Sorghum, Plant, Field Experiment, Nitrogen, Integrated nutrient management on crops, Soil sciences, Fertility Rate, Phosphorous, Interaction effect, Nitrogen-Use Efficiency, Grain Yield, Soil Chemical Properties, Total Nitrogen, Farmyard Manure, and Dry matter production
... export crop (Girma and Kirkby, 1990). Average national yield is very low (about 6 t ha ???1 ) as most of the production comes from the small-scale farmers who do not have enough inputs (Abebe, 1989). Beans are grown both as ...