Kalyan Singh
Ism Dhanbad, Mechanical engg, Faculty Member
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Abstract In this study, fatigue behaviour of angle plies woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates has been investigated. Tension-tension fatigue tests were carried out under different maximum applied stresses that... more
Abstract In this study, fatigue behaviour of angle plies woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates has been investigated. Tension-tension fatigue tests were carried out under different maximum applied stresses that varied in the range of 50 - 90% of the respective ultimate strength of the laminates. Damage development in the form of debond zones and their growth was monitored. The results of the study are presented in terms of stress-strain curve, Wӧhler curve, delamination growth, total dissipated energy, dynamic modulus, and creep strain, respectively. (0°/90°) and ±15° laminate witnessed global damage while localized damage occurred in (±30°)8, (±45°)8 laminate.
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Nowadays, polymeric composites have emerged as a material highly in demand for advanced structures in various sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, and marine industries, due to their specific mechanical and physical properties.... more
Nowadays, polymeric composites have emerged as a material highly in demand for advanced structures in various sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, and marine industries, due to their specific mechanical and physical properties. Functional efficiency of these composites significantly depends on their machinability. This encouraged the researchers to present a wide study and research work on polymeric composite. The present paper reviews the research progress on conventional machining of different filler-loaded polymeric composites. It delves into integrated functions in terms of its mechanism and machining responses. This includes aspects such as various weight percentage of filler on the machining responses. It also shows the proper filler loading for the improvement of mechanical properties (i.e., strength and stiffness) and fracture toughness for both intralaminar and interlaminar perspectives. Machining procedure and performance capabilities have been reviewed and depicted in detail as well. A comprehensive summary of the findings along with future perspectives has been included at the end, which might contribute to a greater development of this machining process in the future.
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A number of morphological features of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reported, as conducted through field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which were synthesized by... more
A number of morphological features of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been reported, as conducted through field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which were synthesized by conventional arc discharge process. The observation of a classical variety of structural feature from TEM, some of them not reported before, has been used to make interpretation from existing growth models. Mechanism and kinetics of different types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been also discussed. Results indicated that formation of pentagonal, heptagonal and pentagonal-heptagonal carbon rings play vital role in the formation of Complex structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
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ABSTRACT With steadily rising expanse of the engineering sector, demand for composite materials has been growing progressively over the years. Particularly, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are being increasingly applied... more
ABSTRACT With steadily rising expanse of the engineering sector, demand for composite materials has been growing progressively over the years. Particularly, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are being increasingly applied in various industries in the aerospace, automobile, and construction sectors due to their lightweight and superior performances. The present investigation examines the effect of traverse rate, jet pressure, standoff distance, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), mixed with epoxy/glass fabric nanocomposites, on abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) responses, such as kerf taper (KT), surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), entrance and exit delamination factor (DF) by using the Taguchi approach. The study has established that the addition of MWCNT in the GFRP laminates optimizes the machining responses. The investigation, using analysis of variance approach, revealed the most dominant parameter, which influences the machining performance of the composites. A significant enhancement in AWJM responses could be attained with optimal parameters. And also validates using surface examinations.
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Thermal characterization is one of the important aspects for evaluating the heat flux and decomposition kinetics of different materials, alloys and composites at different temperature. In this work Multi-scale nano-composites... more
Thermal characterization is one of the important aspects for evaluating the heat flux and decomposition kinetics of different materials, alloys and composites at different temperature. In this work Multi-scale nano-composites (MWCNTs/glass fiber/epoxy) were prepared by hand lay-up process followed by vacuum bagging method. Thermal properties of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It has been found that in the presence of MWCNTs it is very difficult to break the polymeric chains and that leads to reduction in cross linking density and glass transition temperature of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites as compared to pristine one.
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This paper investigates the low-velocity impact response of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite. A four-layered anisotropic bidirectional glass fiber composite laminate is modeled using HyperMesh. The thickness of each ply... more
This paper investigates the low-velocity impact response of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite. A four-layered anisotropic bidirectional glass fiber composite laminate is modeled using HyperMesh. The thickness of each ply is considered as 0.5 mm, and the radius of the impactor is 10 mm. The oblique angle impact at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° (inclination of laminates with the horizontal plane) is simulated using LS-DYNA, which is a 3D commercially available software. A comparative study is carried out for energy absorption, stress generation, damage caused, and deflection of the laminate at 3 m/s impact velocity. The results of the mechanical testing simulations justified that the impact angle highly influences the impact response. Therefore, it may help in designing mechanical components that are exposed to oblique low-velocity impact (LVI) situations.
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Effect of embedding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on low velocity impact response of quasi-isotropic asymmetric laminate of plain woven carbon fabric/epoxy was investigated. Laminates were embedded with 0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 5 wt.%... more
Effect of embedding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on low velocity impact response of quasi-isotropic asymmetric laminate of plain woven carbon fabric/epoxy was investigated. Laminates were embedded with 0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, and 5 wt.% MWCNTs to improve impact resistance. Impact in laminates was conducted according to ASTM D7136 standard at an impact energy of 94.14 J corresponding to the impact velocity of 6 m/sec. Energy-time response, force-time response, and pyramidal damage area of laminates doped with varying weight percentage (wt.%) of MWCNTs were quantified and compared with laminate without MWCNTs. Absorbed impact energy increases by 13.53% on doping of 2 wt.% MWCNTs, whereas it decreases by 10.49% on doping 5 wt.% MWCNTs. Damage area is reduced on doping 2 wt.% MWCNTs in laminate.
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Tribological properties of silicon carbide-based aluminum metal matrix composite and aluminum matrix alloy have been studied for various sliding speeds of 3.14 and 3.77 m/s and load range from 10 to 30 N under dry, lubricated, and inert... more
Tribological properties of silicon carbide-based aluminum metal matrix composite and aluminum matrix alloy have been studied for various sliding speeds of 3.14 and 3.77 m/s and load range from 10 to 30 N under dry, lubricated, and inert gas (argon) environment. Pin-on-disk tribometer were used for experiments. The composite was fabricated by stir casting route by using aluminum 7075 alloy as the matrix and 10% by weight silicon carbide as reinforced material. Results have revealed that the value of coefficient of friction is found to be maximum in case of inert condition in matrix alloy at sliding speed 3.77 m/s and minimum in case of lubricated condition in composite at sliding speed 3.14 m/s. The wear rate is least for both the alloy and the composite under lubricated condition compared with dry and inert condition. Wear rate increases with the normal load and sliding speed and it is maximum in inert condition of matrix alloy at 30 N. Uniform distribution of silicon carbide in alu...
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Composite materials have emerged as an effective substitute for conventional materials in various fields of engineering and structural science. For replacement of regular metals, composites, especially fiber-reinforced polymer composites,... more
Composite materials have emerged as an effective substitute for conventional materials in various fields of engineering and structural science. For replacement of regular metals, composites, especially fiber-reinforced polymer composites, have proved to be a suitable alternative. One of the important tests that conventional and composite materials have to undergo is fatigue test. It refers to the testing of materials for their cyclic behavior. In fatigue testing, depending on the choice of the researchers, materials are loaded till reaching their failure or till reaching a fraction of the total stiffness loss. Composite materials are different from metals and they show a distinct behavior under fatigue loading. In metals, failure occurs from the commencement of a single crack and then its propagation. In composite materials, conversely, it is a complex process as these materials possess crack-arresting properties. This review paper highlights various aspects of the cyclic or fatigue behavior in composite materials. Factors triggering such behavior in composite materials include reinforcing substance, matrix material, fiber orientation or stacking sequence, fiber content, testing environment and so on, together with the damage development process at the microscopic level. Loading condition parameters pertain to stress ratio, mean stress, loading condition, multiaxial stress, and testing frequency. This article also includes the effect of carbon nanotubes on the fatigue life of the polymer composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
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Damage induced in symmetrical and asymmetrical glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate over low-velocity impact (LVI) using a mild steel impactor is investigated. Numerical simulation is done using 3-D finite element analysis... more
Damage induced in symmetrical and asymmetrical glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate over low-velocity impact (LVI) using a mild steel impactor is investigated. Numerical simulation is done using 3-D finite element analysis software LS-DYNA. Orientations for symmetrical and asymmetrical laminate were [(0,90)/(+45,-45)/(+45,-45)/(0,90)//(90,0)/(+45,-45)/(+45,-45)/(90,0)] and [(0,90)/(+45,-45)/(+45,-45)/(0,90)//(+45,-45)/(90,0)/(90,0)/(+45,-45)] respectively. Two samples each from symmetric and asymmetric laminate with and without pre-crack were numerically simulated. Induced circular pre-crack was modeled in the midplane of the laminate. A circular specimen of radius 75mm with clamped area of 376mm 2 is modeled. The velocity of 5 m/sec was assigned to the hemispherical headed cylindrical impactor. The result shows that symmetrical laminates absorb high energy and damage area for it is 24.06 % less than asymmetrical laminate for laminate with pre-crack in mid plate. This study concluded symmetrical laminate design is better for structural purpose as compared to asymmetrical design. Results of proposed investigation are directly applicable in aircraft, automobiles and space equipment.
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Friction and wear behavior of silicon carbide based aluminum metal matrix composite and aluminum matrix alloy have been studied for sliding speeds of 3.14 m/s and 3.77 m/s and load range from 10 N to 30 N under dry and lubricated... more
Friction and wear behavior of silicon carbide based aluminum metal matrix composite and aluminum matrix alloy have been studied for sliding speeds of 3.14 m/s and 3.77 m/s and load range from 10 N to 30 N under dry and lubricated environment, respectively. The experiments were performed on pin on disk tribometer (Make: DUCOM). The composite was fabricated by stir casting process and has several challenges like inferior bonds and interfacial reaction products which will deteriorate the mechanical and tribological properties. Therefore, addition of reactive metal like magnesium (Mg) should be done which will lead to reduced solidification shrinkage, lower tendency towards hot tearing, and faster process cycles. Results have revealed that the developed composites have lower coefficient of friction and wear rates when compared with aluminum matrix alloy under dry and lubricated environment. Experimental results show that under dry condition coefficient of friction of both the matrix all...
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An asymmetric laminate is employed to study impact-induced damage of subpenetration experiments. The configuration of the asymmetric laminate is chosen to have its stiffness characteristics almost identical to those of a symmetric... more
An asymmetric laminate is employed to study impact-induced damage of subpenetration experiments. The configuration of the asymmetric laminate is chosen to have its stiffness characteristics almost identical to those of a symmetric laminate. The impact is made with a mild steel striker to have impact energy close to 12 J and impact velocity close to 50 m/s. A circular precrack is also introduced to facilitate failure on the midplane of a laminate. Due to material discontinuity at the midplane the damage area extension (DAE) of the precrack is found to be 1.83 cm2 on asymmetric laminates against 0.73 cm2 on symmetric laminates. Impact experiments are also conducted on bonded GFRP specimen with Epibond 1590 A/B adhesive using asymmetric laminates. DAE of adhesive interface is found to be substantially smaller than DAE of interlaminar failure. DAE of adhesive interface is further reduced when the adhesive is modified with 7.5% XNBR. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
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This paper demonstrates the synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using arc discharge method. When high purity graphite electrodes used in A/C or D/C arc welding setup comes at very short distance produces soot. Soot can be... more
This paper demonstrates the synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using arc discharge method. When high purity graphite electrodes used in A/C or D/C arc welding setup comes at very short distance produces soot. Soot can be further processed using different techniques to extract MWCNTs. Thus it is one of the mass production method for MWCNTs. In this work, it is also illustrated the design and fabrication of MWCNTs doped fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites using vacuum bagging method. This laminate is useful in aerospace industries, marine, space satellite, automobile industries and many more where light weight high strength materials are necessary.