oya daglar

BRITISH HOSPITALS IN ISTANBUL, SMYRNA AND DARDANELLES IN THE CRIMEAN WAR The British, ally of the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War, opened many hospitals in the East, primarily in Istanbul. Both the wounded soldiers from the front and epidemics especially cholera drew attention to the hospitals and the hospital services. The conditions of the hospitals revealed the weakness of the British Military health services. Therefore the British authorities had to put new regulations in British hospitals. All arrangements made in hospitals throughout the war caused a fundamental transformation in the British military health organisations. This article focuses on British hospitals, their features and services in Istanbul, Smyrna and the Dardanelles. This study intends to provide a contribution to studies about the war's health aspect.

In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Ottoman Empire encountered difficulties in transporting the wounded and sick soldiers. The difficulties were generally due to the insufficient transportation infrastructure, the lack of an effective mobilization plan, as well as an unawareness of the importance of military health organization. In order to overcome the difficulties, help was requested from foreign countries and Red Cross associations. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Great Britain provided great support to the Ottoman armies in transporting their patients. The British especially established transportation systems on highways and railways. Experiences gained in this war constituted an important field practice for patient transport for the British officers who published their observations at the end of the war. Undoubtedly, this practice provided a substantial contribution to both the development of Great Britain's own patient transportation system and the course of wars fought in the East.