Mohamed Abdelhalim

The GNPs levels in blood of rat in vivo have not been previously documented. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of size and exposure duration of GNPs on the gold levels in blood of rats in vivo. Thirty rats were divided into a control group, G1A: infusion of 10 nm GNPs for 3 days; G1B: 10 nm GNPs for 7 days) and G2A: 50 nm GNPs for 3 days; G2B: 50 nm GNPs for 7 days). 50 l of GNPs dissolved in aqueous solution were administered intraperitonealy every day for 3 and 7 days. Au concentrations in different samples were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The percentage normalized of gold levels of 50 nm GNPs increase in blood in both 3 and 7 days when compared to 10 nm GNPs. This study gives an important idea to treat especially the blood cancer (leukemia) because the more toxic nanoparticle size (10 nm GNPs) was absorbed from blood to different organs tissue like kidney, liver, heart, and lung while 50 nm GNPS were retained in...

This paper deals with increased heavy metals concentrations in the marine sediments in-front of the mouth of Wadi El-Gemal area due to high natural inputs from the wadi. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd concentrations were determined in surface marine sediments at Wadi El-Gemal along the Egyptian Red Sea. heavy metal concentrations in sediments of the study area are high compared to that in the impact areas of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results indicate that the high concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments are particularly affected by the high contribution of terrigenous materials through the stream of Wadi El-Gemal. Heavy metals concentrations in the sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline with the exception of Pb, which increased with increasing distance from the shoreline. Nature of sediments and heavy metals distribution reflect marked changes in lithology, biological activities in the sea and land geology of the study area. On the other ...

In present work, we have reported the elemental analysis of phosphate fertilizer used in Saudi Arabia measured by means of different analytical methodology. The concentration of natural radionuclides 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K has been determined by gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector. It was found that the average values of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K ranged between 9±1.3 to 55±4.9 Bq kg -1, 8.86±1.8 to 42±8 Bq kg -1 45±8 to 2700±4.9 Bq kg -1 , respectively. The measured value of activity concentration of 40 K was estimated to be within the excepted world average range for NPK fertilizer (mean value 2700 Bq kg -1). It was observed that the calculated radium equivalent (Raeq) in fertilizers are lower than the allowed maximum value of 370 Bq kg -1 , however, the calculated representative level index, Ir, values for NPK and TSP phosphate fertilizers exceed the upper limit (Ir 1). Furthermore, the concentration of the environmental pollutants (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and common eleme...

Five groups of rabbits were used to investigate the effect of increasing doses of radiation on liver and kidney function. One group acted as a control group. The other 4 groups were exposed to increasing doses of whole body gamma radiation. 1-5Gy. The kidney and liver function tests were affected one week after exposure, except bilirubin level that was decreased immediately after exposure within 24 hours.

Page 1. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 4(15), pp. 1670-1675, 4 August, 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr ISSN 1996-0808 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The changes of iron and zinc concentrations in heart ...

Page 1. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 14, No 1, June, 2007 37 Endothelin-1 is a Risk Factor for Pathogenesis of Hypertension Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim King Saud University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Saudi Arabia. ...

Page 1. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 4(15), pp. 1670-1675, 4 August, 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr ISSN 1996-0808 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The changes of iron and zinc concentrations in heart ...

Page 1. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 4(9), pp. 836-843, 4 May, 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr ISSN 1996-0808 © 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The potential influence of high cholesterol diet-induced ...

This study was carried out to investigate viscosity in relation with the temperature, flow activation energy and dielectric properties for 10, 20 and 50 nm gold nanoparticles size (GNPs) in addition to absorption and fluorescence spectra at different concentrations (0.2 × 10 -3 to 1 × 10 -2%) in an attempt to cover and understand the toxicity and potential role of their therapeutic and diagnostic use in medical applications. 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs dissolved in aqueous solution were purchased (Product MKN-Au, Canada) and used in this study. Mechanical parameters were measured using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer with temperature bath controlled by a computer. 0.5 ml of each GNP size in aqueous solution was poured in the sample chamber of the rheometer. The spindle was immersed and rotated in these gold nanofluids in the speed range from 50 to 250 rpm in steps of 20 min. Viscosity of GNPs was measured at temperature of 37°C and at a gradually increase of temperature to 42 o...

Background The rheological properties of blood are an important marker of changes that occur in various pathological conditions. Changes in the rheological properties of blood serve as an indicator for early detection of many diseases. The literature data are insufficient about the influence of metal salts on the blood rheological properties. Objectives Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Zinc (Zn) on the blood serum rheological properties of Cadmium (Cd) intoxication in male rats. Methods The exposure of the rats to Cd (2.2 mg kg-1 CdCl2, injected subcutaneously 4 times weekly for 2 months) caused alterations in the rheological properties of rat blood serum. The rheological parameters, viscosity (cp), torque%, shear stress (dyne/cm2) at wide range of shear rates (s-1) for blood serum (225-1875 s-1) were measured in control , Cd, and (Cd + Zn) rats groups using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer (cone-plate viscometer; Brookfield Engineering Labor...

Background The blood serum rheological properties open the door to find suitable radio-protectors and convenient therapy for many cases of radiation exposure. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the rheological properties of rat blood serum at wide range of shear rates after whole body irradiation with different gamma radiation doses in vivo. Methods Healthy male rats were divided into five groups; one control group and 4 irradiated groups. The irradiation process was carried out using Co 60 source with dose rate of 0.883cG/sec. Several rheological parameters were measured using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer. Results A significant increase in viscosity and shear stress was observed with 25 and 50Gy corresponding to each shear rate compared with the control; while a significant decrease observed with 75 and 100Gy. The viscosity exhibited a Non-Newtonian behavior with the shear rate while shear stress values were linearly related with shear rate. Conclusions...

Nanoparticles (NPs) can potentially cause adverse effects on organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and protein levels due to their unusual physicochemical properties. Advances in nanotechnology have identified promising candidates for many biological and biomedical applications. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are being increasingly exploited for medical uses and other industrial applications. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the response of heavy elements levels to intraperitoneal administration of different GNPs into rats for period of 3 days in vivo. The experimental rats were divided into normal and 3 groups (G1A, G2A and G3A; G1: 20 nm; G2: 10 nm; G3: 50 nm; A: it means infusion of 0.05 ml of GNPs for 3 days). To investigate the role of GNP size on heavy elements [cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co)] levels in blood and several tissues of rats, 50 μl daily dose of 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs was intraperitonealy injected into rats for 3 days. Cd, Ni and Pb con...

As one of the toxic mechanism of nanoparticles (NPs), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which has been widely studied. Nevertheless, the link between GNPs and antioxidant and oxidative stress markers has not been well established. The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) size and exposure duration on antioxidant and oxidative stress markers including reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in different rat organs. Adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each. One group served as control and received vehicle only. The 10 nm GNPs were used in this study. The GNPs electron density and homogeneity in shape and size was evaluated. Dose of 50 μl of 10 nm GNPs in aqueous solution were administered to animals via intraperitoneal administration daily for exposure duration of 3 or 7 days. The rats were sa...

Parasitic extraction is a critical task for modern nano scale semiconductor circuits which are characterized by high speed, small feature size and dense layout. Among the available extraction methodologies is the macro-modeling, which is based on dividing the circuit into smaller parts, then matching those smaller parts to a pre-defined model library whose parasitics are known. In the macro-modeling method, building the predefined model library goes into a number of stages; a major stage of them is the sampling stage, where we calculate the parasitic associated with the predefined models at a set of selected geometries (samples). Those samples are, then, used to build the model library by fitting them to a model equation. In this paper we are focusing on optimizing the sampling stage of the macro-modeling method for interconnect parasitic extraction. Herein, we optimize (minimize) the sample size where a graphically inspired method is introduced to define the minimum sample size for complex non-linear model equation mathematically. This method also addresses the impact of the data set uncertainty on the minimum required sample size. Then, we introduce a method for optimizing the distributing of those minimum required sample size. This sample distribution method, is based on Latin hypercube hybridization, optimizes inter-sample distances and correlations concurrently.

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are considered as important risk factors during the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present investigation was to study the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), platelet levels and hydroxyproline fractions during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, twenty five 12-weeks, New Zealand white male rabbits, were purchased, individually caged, and divided into either control group or cholesterol-fed group. The control group (n = 10) was fed 100 g/day of normal diet, ORC-4 (Oriental Yeast Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for a period of 15 weeks. The cholesterol-fed group (n = 15) was fed a high cholesterol and saturated fat diet of ORC-4 containing 1% cholesterol plus 1% olive oil (100 g/day) for periods of 5 (group 1), 10 (group 2) and 15 (group 3) weeks. Blood sample from each animal was taken at the end of the experimental period for the bioche...

Background: For the application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in therapy and drug delivery, it is necessary to characterize histological lung tissue alterations after the administration of GNPs. These histological lung alterations have not been previously documented. The present study ...

ABSTRACT Dynamic power estimation is essential in designing VLSI circuits where many parameters are involved but the only circuit parameter that is related to the circuit operation is the nodes’ toggle rate. This paper discusses a deterministic and fast method to estimate the dynamic power consumption for CMOS combinational logic circuits using gate-level descriptions based on the Logic Pictures concept to obtain the circuit nodes’ toggle rate. The delay model for the logic gates is the real-delay model. To validate the results, the method is applied to several circuits and compared against exhaustive, as well as Monte Carlo, simulations. The proposed technique was shown to save up to 96% processing time compared to exhaustive simulation.

The gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In an attempt to characterise the potential toxicity or hazards of GNPs as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool, the fluorescence spectra in several rat organs in vivo were measured after intraperitoneal administration of GNPs. The experimental rats were divided into control and six groups (G1A, G1B, G2A, G2B, G3A, and G3B; G1: 20 nm; G2: 10 nm; G3: 50 nm; A: infusion of GNPs for 3 days; B: infusion of GNPs for 7 days). The fluorescence measurements were investigated in the liver, kidney, heart, and lung organs of rats after intraperitoneal administration of GNPs for periods of 3 and 7 days in vivo. The 10 and 20 nm GNPs exhibited spherical morphology shape, while the 50 nm GNPs exhibited hexagonal shape. A sharp decrease in the fluorescence intensity induced with the larger 50 nm GNPs in the liver, kidney, heart, and lung organs of rats at the exposure duration of 3 and 7 days in vivo compared wi...

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a great possibility for biomedical application, not only to deliver pharmaceutics, but also to be used as novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Currently, there are no data available regarding to what extent the degree of the toxicity and the accumulation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are present in in vivo administration. This study aimed to address the GNP size and exposure duration effect on the liver and kidney function of rats: in vivo. A total of 30 healthy male Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same age (12 weeks old) and weighing 220-240 g of King Saud University colony were used. Animals were randomly divided into groups, two GNP-treated rat groups and one control group (CG). The 50 μl of 10 and 50 nm GNPs was intraperitoneally administered in rats for exposure duration of 3 days. Then, several biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea (UREA) and creatinine (CREA) were evaluated. In this study, the AST values increased with the administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs compared with the control. The AST values significantly increased with 10 nm GNPs compared with 50 nm GNPs and control. The GGT and ALT values decreased with the administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs compared with the control. The GGT and ALT values significantly decreased with 50 nm GNPs compared with 10 nm GNPs and control. The ALP values significantly decreased with the administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs compared with the control. The decrease in ALP values with 10 nm GNPs was higher than those compared with 50 nm GNPs. In this study, the levels of UREA and CREA values increased in a non significant manner after the administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs compared with the control. This study demonstrates that the increase in the enzymes AST and the decrease in ALP are smaller GNPs (10 nm) size-dependent for exposure duration of 3 days; while the decrease in the enzymes GGT and ALT are bigger GNPs (50 nm) size-dependent. The levels of UREA and CREA values indicated no significant changes with the administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs for exposure duration of 3 days compared with the control. The administration of 10 and 50 nm GNPs for short exposure duration of 3 days induced only significant variations with some liver enzymes while kidney showed no significant variations. This study suggests that synthesis and metabolism of GNPs as well as the protection of the liver will be more important issues for medical applications of gold-based nanomaterials in future.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hyperlipidemia on auto-oxidation rate of hemoglobin (Hb; absorbance at 630 nm versus time), Hb derivatives and osmotic fragility of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). These parameters were measured in twenty five 12-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits fed on a High Fat Diet (HFD) for a feeding period of 10 weeks. We found that Hb concentration and RBC count were significantly decreased while white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly increased in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits. The Total Cholesterol (TC) was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits with percentage normalized change of 1198% and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC) significantly increased (p < 0.01) in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits with percentage normalized change of 1591%. In HFD rabbits, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) percentage was significantly decreased while met-hemoglobin (Met-Hb) percentage was significantly increased compared with control rabbits. The auto-oxidation rate was significantly higher in HFD rabbits compared with controls. Hyperlipidemia induced an increase in the osmotic fragility of RBCs and a decrease in their membrane elasticity compared with controls. This study suggests that hyperlipidemia may produce reactive oxygen species and other free radicals which increase the auto-oxidation rate of Hb and promote the conversion of HbO2 and the fractions of unstable Hb molecules to Met-Hb and carboxyhemoglobin. Increased platelet activation in hyperlipidemic rabbits may be of pathophysiological importance for the progression of atherosclerosis and thromboembolic complications. The increase in osmotic fragility of RBCs may be attributed to the disturbance of ionic motion through the membrane and the change in molecular properties of the membrane macromolecules.

ABSTRACT Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has become a powerful tool that is used in many image applications and search engines. Thus, many techniques and approaches for CBIR were developed in literature. The CBIR approach works on the visual features of the image rather than a descriptive text. Therefore, it provides more effective and efficient retrieval. On the other hand, PCNN has proved its efficiency as an image processing tool for various tasks such as image segmentation and recognition, feature extraction, edge and object detection. This article introduces a technique for content-based image classification and retrieval using PCNN. The proposed technique uses an optimized Pulse-Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) to extract the visual features of the image in a form of a numeric vector called image signature. An optimization mechanism was applied to the PCNN parameters in order to improve the signature quality. Thus improving the classification and retrieval results. Additionally, it employs the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm for classification and matching. By applying classification before retrieval, the number of images in the search space is optimized to include one category instead of multiple categories. Moreover, we developed a CBIR prototype to validate our technique. The results show that our technique can retrieve and classify images efficiently. Furthermore, we evaluated our prototype against one of the widely used techniques and it was proven that the proposed technique can enhance the search results and improve the accuracy by 3.5%.

In this study, we examined whether UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques detect the progression of atherosclerosis in serum of rabbits fed on high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and HCD supplemented with zinc (HCD + Zn) compared with the control. The control rabbits group was fed on 100 g/day of normal diet. The HCD group was fed on Purina Certified Rabbit Chow supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol plus 1.0% olive oil (100 g/day) for the same period. The HCD + Zn group was fed on normal Purina Certified Rabbit Chow plus 1.0% cholesterol and 1.0% olive oil supplemented with 470 ppm Zn for the same feeding period. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and biochemistry in Rabbit's blood serum and blood hematology were measured in Rabbit's blood. We found that the fluorescent peak of HCD shifted toward UV-visible wavelength compared with the control using fluorescent excitation of serum at 192 nm. In addition, they showed that supplementation of zinc (350 ppm) restored the fluorescent peak closely to the control. By using UV-visible spectroscopy approach, we found that the peak absorbance of HCD (about 280 nm) was higher than that of control and that zinc supplementation seemed to decrease the absorbance. This study demonstrates that ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques can be applied as noninvasive techniques on a sample blood serum for diagnosing or detecting the progression of atherosclerosis. The Zn supplementation to rabbits fed on HCD delays or retards the progression of atherosclerosis. Inducing anemia in rabbits fed on HCD delays the progression of atherosclerosis.

Three new Particle Swarm Optimization approaches are proposed. We used these approaches to solve a Curve fitting problem for Parasitic Extraction Macro-modeling application. In the first proposed approach, Wiggling PSO (WPSO); we enforce the particles to vibrate in their motion towards the best position -instead of straight motion- to enlarge the scanning area. The second approach, Incrementally Social PSO (ISPSO); is utilizing a variable weight for the social term (xg-x). This variability enables changing the social relationship between the particles from highly repulsive to highly attractive. Finally, we proposed a new Control inspired approach, PID-PSO, where we dealt with the PSO motion as a process that needs a controller to be optimized. It is quite common to use PSO to tune PID parameters but in this context we used PID to tune PSO motion. The performances of these three proposed approaches were measured on an extensive real data sets and used along with the understanding of the physical problem to offer various explanations of the theoretical aspects of the new algorithms.

The problem of determining whether a set of periodic tasks can be assigned to a set of heterogeneous processors in such a way that all timing constraints are met has been shown, in general, to be NP-hard. This paper presents a modified algorithm based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) heuristic for solving this problem. The modified version is called Re-Excited PSO. Experimental results show that our approach outperform the major existing methods. In addition to being able to search for a feasible assignment solution, our PSO approach can further optimize the solution to reduce its energy consumption as well as to obtain good tradeoff between minimizing the design makespan as well as energy consumption.

... A. Nicolau, “Interface synthesis using memory mapping for an FPGA platform”, Proc. ... HW implementation (min_delay_set) 2) Calculate the Delay_margin = Delay deadline – PSO Achieved delay 3 ... Delay range 14) Output: HW/SW partition, remaining parallel hardware nodes and ...

... PSO-based algorithm for HW/SW partitioning [1-4]. The overview of related work. ... Our approach to In [12] the logic and routing delays are estimated by this coupling between the partitioning and scheduling tasks performing the actual mapping and place-and-route is as follows ...

This study was carried out as a part of a comprehensive project to establish a national diagnostic reference level (NDRL), for the first time, in Saudi Arabia. Seven of the most common X-ray examinations (10 projections) were included. This study consisted of 200 patients who were referred for X-ray examinations at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). The selected X-ray examinations were skull (PA), kub (AP and LAT), ankle (AP and LAT), foot (AP/OBL and LAT/OBL), hib (AP and LAT) and sinuses paranasal (AP). Mean patient information and exposure parameters for these seven radiographic examinations were recorded at KKUH. Some of these radiographic examinations were compared with their corresponding values at other national places [Security Forces Hospital (SFH); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)] in Saudi Arabia. We found that the patient mean dose values recorded at KKUH were varied from those recorded at other national places. Wide variations in patient dose arising from a specific type of X-ray examination at different national places suggests that significant reductions in patient dose would be possible without affecting image quality. Furthermore, variations in patient dose may emerge from the examination technique, clinical condition, radiologist skill, tube current, tube potential and focus to film distance. The data of this study will be useful for the formulation of NDRLs, and it is also provides local diagnostic reference levels for some diagnostic X-ray examinations at KKUH and other national places in Saudi Arabia.

We studied the effect of gold nanoparticles (NPs) on oxidative stress markers including reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in different organs of rats. Adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 animals each. One group served as control and received vehicle only. The remaining two groups were treated with 50 μl of 10 nm sized gold NPs, daily for 3 and 7 days, respectively. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection of NPs. Administration of gold NPs did not cause any significant change in GSH levels in liver, lung and heart on day 3 or day 7. There was no significant effect of gold NPs on MDA levels in lung and heart whereas significant increases in MDA levels were found in the liver of rats treated with gold nanoparticles on both 3 and 7 days post-dosing (ANOVA F = 7.113, P = 0.010). In conclusion, the findings of this preliminary study suggest that gold NPs of 10 nm diameter produce significant lipid peroxidation in rat liver...

The data on the biocompatibility of naked gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are scarce, and their interpretation is controversial. We studied the acute (1 day) and subchronic (5 days) effects of GNPs (10 and 50 nm diameter) on expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) in the liver and kidneys of rats. In the liver, the GNPs of both sizes (10 and 50 nm) significantly increased the cytokines gene expression on day 1 which was subsided on day 5; the GNPs of 50 nm size produced more severe inflammatory response as compared to smaller sized GNPs. In the kidney, the GNPs did not produce any significant change in the expression of IL-1 β . Although the gene expression of IL-6 and TNF- α was not affected by GNPs of 10 nm size, 50 nm GNPs significantly increased the expression of IL-6 and TNF- α in the kidneys of rats on day 1 after treatment which returned to normalcy on day 5. These findings indicate the possible immunocompatibility of medium sized GNPs as they caused only a transient acute phase increase in proinflammatory cytokines expression followed by their normalcy during the repeated exposure.