Melinda Bizri

La mise en place des sanctuaires chretiens au Puy aux epoquestardo-antique et medievale a contribue a faire de cette cite un lieu central de devotion dans le royaume de France au Moyen Âge. La ville du Puy est encore marquee par cet heritage sacre. Le propos interroge l’evolution de la topographie religieuse et politique (et defensive) auMoyen Âge central et au bas Moyen Âge (XIIIe s. - XVe s.) a la lumiere des recherches recentes. L’objectif est de reevaluer les relations entretenues entre les communautes religieuses, lesautorites ecclesiastiqueset les pouvoirs urbains (eveque, chapitre et consulat) d’un point de vueinstitutionnel et leurs consequences sur la morphologie urbaine.Dans ce cadre, il s’agit de voir comment les ordres mendiants en particulier accompagnent les changements de la societe medievale ponote.L’analyse est fondee sur une enquete historique doublee d’une approche archeologique et artistique, dans une volonte transdisciplinaire.Elle est appuyee par une documentat...

Les espaces fortifies medievaux du Velay (diocese medieval du Puy-en-Velay), sont analyses dans leur constitution et leur utilisation. L’enquete concerne un corpus de sites castraux, bourgs fortifies, maisons fortes, prieures et eglises fortifiees de 145 communes situees en majorite dans le departement de la Haute-Loire (France- Auvergne). Les changements que ces espaces fortifies operent sur la periode XIIIe-XVe s. sont mis en avant : morphologie spatiale et choix d’occupation des espaces, evolution de l’habitat individuel seigneurial et des enceintes en contexte rural et urbain. L’ensemble est documente par des textes qui indique la nature des relations entre les differents groupes sociaux, acteurs de la construction du territoire fortifie : relations entre les seigneurs et l’eveque du Puy ou le roi, relations entre les seigneurs et les communautes urbaines ou rurales, emergence de nouveaux groupes sociaux (la petite noblesse). L’accent est mis sur l’articulation de ces espaces et...

At Gien (France), indoor floors from early Middle Ages occupation (8th-10th c. AD) are very well preserved, providing a new reference for archaeological investigation in northern France. This site is located on an outcrop, 20 m above the Loire valley, where a 15th c. castle stands now. The medieval occupation combines high status houses with crafting and agricultural areas. They constitute a new urban nucleus, which grew 2 km east from an ancient Roman settlement. During the rescue excavation, four buildings of different status were sampled and studied using an integrated approach, combining stratigraphy, micromorphology, chemical, macro-remain, and phytolith analyses. Micromorphological investigations helped to identify 74 built floors, from 0.5 to 150 mm thick, made with transformed local clay or imported silty earth. Mineral floors were covered by vegetal ones, consisting of crop processing refuse. These litters include an abundance of phytoliths and some seeds, both produced by cultivated cereals, which were processed in situ, such as Triticum durum, Secale cereale and Hordeum vulgare. The refuse above the mineral and vegetal floors were trampled. They were produced by domestic activities, such as cooking and eating, but also by metallurgic activities and animal husbandry. The investigation of a contemporary pit indicated that, despite the large amount of refuse, floors were well maintained and regularly rebuilt. The spatial distribution of waste indicated that a single space could be dedicated to several activities, which were not necessarily separated by new floors. Moreover, the total absence of bioturbation allowed the study of a stage of dark earth formation, by comparing it to the contemporaneous mechanical disturbance of a part of the strata which occurred when building new floors. All these results give new evidences of the richness and the complexity of the early Middle Ages town, in addition to help identifying the activities which could take place in early castral areas.

The castle of Gien built on the sidelines of the diocese of Auxerre has been the subject of a recent reassessment of the chronology of its construction and implantation. The authors of the article highlight the singular character of this building of the late fifteenth century whose constructive choices, studied from an archaeological and dendrochronological point of view are put in perspective in the productions of the same period. Thus, the use of materials – the brick in the first place –, their implementation with some experiments – upper chamber especially – and the construction site erasing the previous vestiges of the castral site, reflect the intentions of the sponsors. Anne de France, daughter of Louis XI, regent of the kingdom under the minority of Charles VIII, and Pierre de Bourbon pursue through this building installed at the junction of the duchies of Orleans, Burgundy and Bourbonnais the architectural and political work of Louis XI between rupture and continuity.

This text was automatically generated on 30 septembre 2016. Les contenus du Bulletin du centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre (BUCEMA) sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.