Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behaviors Through Children-Based Appeals: A Kin Selection Perspective, 2020
Environmental problems are due to the fact of humans prioritizing their narrow personal interests... more Environmental problems are due to the fact of humans prioritizing their narrow personal interests over collective interests. How can pro-environmental behavior be promoted without requiring people to behave in ways that go against their selfish tendencies? Kin selection theory asserts that humans are predisposed to ensure the survival and replication of their genes which they share with their offspring. We hypothesized that appeals to the welfare of their children would foster pro-environmental decision-making through activating a parental care motivation. Four studies examined the impact of messages about the welfare of (potential) children on environmental intentions. Overall, the results show that children-based appeals indirectly fostered ecological intentions through an increased parental care motivation. Furthermore, meta-analyses triangulated these findings by showing that people with children show greater parental care and pro-environmental intentions. These results are discussed in light of the kin selection theory, and its implications for environmental policymaking are addressed.
The negative relation between right-wing ideologies and environmentalism constitutes a relatively... more The negative relation between right-wing ideologies and environmentalism constitutes a relatively classic finding in environmental research. Despite this, the mechanism (or mechanisms) behind such an effect are still unclear. Here, we argue that given the importance of the economic sphere in most political-environmental issues, political ideologies related to economic beliefs could be one of the underlying mechanisms that drive this classic effect. Two correlational studies were carried out to test this hypothesis. Study 1 explored the relation between political ideology and economic liberalism, partially ruling out an alternative explanation. Study 2 tested the mediational role of economic liberalism on the relationship between political ideology and pro-environmental behaviour. Results gave support for full mediation. Results are discussed in line with research on environmental politics and psychology.
Excessive meat consumption is associated with a range of environmental problems. In this investig... more Excessive meat consumption is associated with a range of environmental problems. In this investigation, we examined the effectiveness of three types of persuasive messages posited to affect attitudes toward meat consumption. The first two messages contained health and environment-related appeals (e.g., the moral consequences of environmental degradation and animal welfare), which are commonly used in campaigns aimed at meat reduction. A third kind of message – one that is less frequently applied in meat-consumption campaigns – follows from research suggesting that meat aversions are acquired via the emotion disgust. Results across three studies – and a meta-analysis of these studies – suggest that disgust-oriented persuasive messages are more effective than health-oriented messages, and they are at least as effective as moral (i.e., animal welfare) messages in influencing meat attitudes. The practical implications for campaigns to reduce meat consumption are being discussed.
Resumen
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponib... more Resumen
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa.
Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especicarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítems para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) -con 21 ítems- de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, conformándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro
Palabras clave: felicidad, medición, estructura, validez.
Abstract
Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn’t reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and rened through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) –composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being conrmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.
Keywords: happiness, measure, structure, validity.
The article analyzes differences regarding work-family balance, participation in family work, and... more The article analyzes differences regarding work-family balance, participation in family work, and parental self-efficacy in workers (N=300) in Chile according to their sex and their status as income providers. Three instruments (Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen, Questionnaire of Participation in Family Work, and the Parental Evaluation Scale) were applied to workers from public and private organizations. Our results show that participation in family work is positively related to work-family balance, while the latter, in turn, is positively associated with parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, sex and being the main income provider in the household shows differential effects in both participation in family work and perception of parental self-efficacy. These results, we conclude, suggest the persistence of some elements of traditional gender patterns. This underlines the need to examine organizational policies from a gender perspective and to analyze the impact of public policy on organizational practices.
This article compares attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour, liberal economic thinking, happi... more This article compares attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour, liberal economic thinking, happiness and favourability to the construction of nuclear power plants in two physical and cultural contrasting Chilean territories — one of them insular, predominantly natural or rural (Easter Island) and the other continental, eminently urban (Talca). It examines 145 adult participants (57.2% continental) of both sexes (66.2% women), who answered the NEP-R on environmental attitudes, the Ecological Behaviour Scale (EBS), the Economic Liberalism Scale (ECOL), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and a question on the agreement of the construction of nuclear power plants. Insular participants report greener behaviour and happiness than their continental peers, while the latter ones tend to show more positive attitudes towards the environment and more liberal economic thought. In both territories, adults over 30 years old report more ecological behaviours than youth, and continental adults have a more pronounced liberal economic thinking than their insular peers, but this difference vanishes among young people. The results are discussed regarding the literature on the effect of culture on thinking, attitudes and behaviour.
Background The purpose of this study was to examine
the effect of the straight-line and road netw... more Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the straight-line and road network distances to parks and markets on anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and a healthy lifestyle in adult people. Methods We studied 832 subjects aged 18–74 years selected by a probability sampling. Geographic information systems were used to calculate access distance (straightline and road network distances) from the participant’s homes to the nearest public place for physical activity and commercial center. Results After adjusting the population by age and gender, a significant and negative relation was found between glycemia and both straight-line and road network distances to markets in both males and females. Moreover, males aged 35–54 had a significant and positive relation between triglycerides and distance to parks. In addition, a negative correlation was observed only in females between sport frequency and road network distances to markets.
La crisis ambiental global presenta una pluralidad de manifestaciones sociales que en ... more La crisis ambiental global presenta una pluralidad de manifestaciones sociales que en Chile, país con problemas de energía, van desde el rechazo ciudadano a proyectos de construcción de represas, hasta el retiro de iniciativas de ley relativas a la privatización de semillas en el parlamento. Se desconoce sin embargo cuáles son las creencias ambientales de los ciudadanos y la relación de estas con su ideología política y religiosa, y su eventual comportamiento pro-ambiental. Se analiza aquí las creencias ecocéntricas y antropocéntricas, y el comportamiento ambiental en chilenos adultos. Se observa que quienes se adscriben a posiciones políticas de derecha así como quienes declaran tener religión tienden a ser más antropocéntricos que ecocéntricos. Independientemente de su ideología, todos los participantes son desfavorables a la construcción de centrales nucleares y también son escépticos respecto de que cualquier gobierno que asuma pueda realizar más de lo hecho hasta ahora por proteger el ambiente.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will account for around... more According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will account for around 30 % of deaths worldwide by 2020 with a relative increase over time due to population aging. In addition, the lifestyles of populations today contribute to the development of risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, among others. Physical inactivity is also associated with increased risk of morbidity or worsening CVD. In this review, we discuss the involvement of physical activity in the prevention of CVD risk factors. We also describe the role of physical activity in CVD prevention during aging.
Objetivo. Caracterizar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la satisfacción lab... more Objetivo. Caracterizar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la satisfacción laboral en trabajadoras estacionales agrícolas de la zona central de Chile. Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 106 trabajadoras de una empresa comercializadora y exportadora de frutas de la región del Maule, Chile. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre septiembre y octubre de 2013. Se empleó el cuestionario SUSESO ISTAS-21 para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo según cinco dimensiones (exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, compensaciones, y doble presencia). Se utilizó el cuestionario S10/12 para medir la satisfacción laboral según tres dimensiones (satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas, satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa y satisfacción con la supervisión) y en general. Resultados. El nivel de riesgo psicosocial fue alto en dos dimensiones (doble presencia, y trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo) y medio en las otras; el nivel de satisfacción fue alto en las tres dimensiones. La percepción de factores de riesgo psicosocial se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción laboral en tres dimensiones: trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, y compensaciones (en esta última, excepto con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa). Conclusiones. En las tres áreas identificadas se concentran los riesgos asociados con el trabajo estacional y los principales aspectos que las trabajadoras consideran que afectan a su satisfacción con el trabajo y, por extensión, a su bienestar en general.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a “physical activity break” (PAB) satisfaction s... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a “physical activity break” (PAB) satisfaction scale, for this, the RATER dimensions of the service quality model SERVQUAL were used. Design/methodology/approach – The study opted for a correlational study and used a psychometric approach. Totally, 69 administrative workers at a public university of Chile participated in a physical activity programme and completed a satisfaction questionnaire including sections adapted from the SERVQUAL model. Findings – The study created a PAB satisfaction scale, which shows appropriate psychometric indicators. Furthermore, satisfaction scores were positively correlated with perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes. Research limitations/implications – Because measures perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes are measured by single items, futures studies should evaluate association of the satisfaction scale with more consistent measures, as well as include anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index and weight). Practical implications – This study created a PAB satisfaction scale, using appropriate psychometric indicators which enable the evaluation of the quality of these programmes from the participant’s perspective. Originality/value – Despite the popularity of PAB programmes, to the authors knowledge, up to day there is no way of evaluating these programmes from the participant’s Perspective.
La reducción de la accidentalidad y la búsqueda de conductas seguras en el trabajo suponen logro... more La reducción de la accidentalidad y la búsqueda de conductas seguras en el trabajo suponen logros apreciados por las organizaciones hoy en día. Aquí se reporta una experiencia de intervención en una empresa productiva chilena desde el Modelo de Cultura Positiva hacia la Seguridad (MCPS), el cual entiende la cultura organizacional como compuesta por dos componentes principales: el clima de seguridad y el sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud laboral. 435 trabajadores que participaron del proceso de intervención de 11 meses fueron evaluados —antes y después de la intervención— en términos de su compromiso organizacional, satisfacción laboral y cultura positiva hacia la Seguridad (228 durante el pre-test y 207 durante el pos-test). Los resultados indican que la intervención tuvo efectos positivos para cada una de las variables aumentando la mayoría de sus puntuaciones en el pos-test. Asimismo, se observa una reducción en la etapa pos-intervención en cuanto a la frecuencia de accidentes registrados mensualmente en la empresa. Se analizan y contrastan estos resultados con la literatura sobre el tema. (Lillo H, Jiménez A, Méndez M, Moyano-Díaz E, Palomo-Vélez G, 2014. Una Experiencia de Intervención Psicosocial en Cultura Positiva de Seguridad en una Empresa Productiva Chilena. Cienc Trab. Sep-Dic; 16 [51]: 192-197).
Tobacco consumption is a public health problem that claims
more lives each year worldwide. In spi... more Tobacco consumption is a public health problem that claims more lives each year worldwide. In spite of several efforts taken to reduce tobacco consumption, figures indicate that there is still a huge population that smoke. From the social psychology perspective, the theory of cognitive dissonance postulates that people who are motivated to maintain a sense of consistency between their thoughts and actions could explain partly why smokers inspite of being aware of the harmful effects, continue smoking. In this review an explanation based on formulation and principles of the above mentioned theory is raised in order to suggest some considerations that could be taken into account at the hour of formulation and evaluation of public health policy related to the prevention and reduction of the consumption of tobacco.
La Escala Nuevo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP) (Dunlap & Van Liere, 1978) y sus adaptaciones posterior... more La Escala Nuevo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP) (Dunlap & Van Liere, 1978) y sus adaptaciones posteriores (Amérigo & González, 2001; Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig, & Jones, 2000; Vozmediano & San Juan, 2005) es usada ampliamente en países de América y Europa sin que exista una versión castellana para uso en Chile, ni en el Cono Sur. El NEP y su
versión más actual NEP-R, permite medir creencias ambientales incluidas en dos amplias dimensiones: ecocentrismo y antropocentrismo, respectivamente, una orientación hacia la protección o cuidado del ambiente y otra relativa al predominio y explotación del ser humano sobre la naturaleza. En el presente trabajo, se aplica el NEP-R a 760 adultos de diferentes ciudades de las regiones del Maule, Bío-Bío y Metropolitana de Chile, obteniéndose una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0.757. Los análisis dan cuenta de dos factores – antropocentrismo y ecocentrismo – explicativos del 42% de la varianza. Se discute las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas con respecto de aquellas de las versiones españolas del NEP-R.
Palabras clave: Ambiente; ecocentrismo; antropocentrismo; NEP-R; adultos
Background: This study examined the association between access to urban green spaces and markets ... more Background: This study examined the association between access to urban green spaces and markets with anthropometric measurements, biological markers, sociodemographic, and healthy lifestyle. Methods: Geographic information systems were used to establish a correlation between environmental features and cardiovascular risk parameters. A total number of 832 (age range 18–74 years) individuals were selected for this study. Results: Body mass index was significantly and positively related to the distance to parks (ρ = 0.079, p < 0.05), but negatively related to the distance to markets (ρ = −0.125, p < 0.05). In addition, waist circumference was similar and positively related to distance to parks (ρ = 0.097, p < 0.05) and negatively related to distance to markets (ρ = −0.092, p < 0.05). With respect to biochemical parameters, when there was an increase in the distance to markets, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and glycemia decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the importance of the role of environmental factors such as parks and markets in the development of cardiovascular risk.
Despite the improvements in medical treatment over recent decades, hemophilia patients experience... more Despite the improvements in medical treatment over recent decades, hemophilia patients experience deterioration in their quality of life. This study provides a demographic and clinical characterization of hemophilia patients and how this affects their quality of life. This is based on a descriptive cross-sectional study on quality of life of 20 patients with hemophilia from the Province of Curicó, Maule Region. The following antecedents were obtained from each patient: age, weight, height, severity of hemophilia, presence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Chagas disease. To measure the quality of life the Short Form-36 survey was applied to each one of the patients. The average age was 35±16 years old and bodymass index was 25±4 kg/m2. Regarding the severity level of the disease, in 55% of the patient it was found mild. Moreover, 25% of patients had hepatitis C. The most co-morbidity was for articular lesions. Quality of life is affected mainly by lack of sport and also due to the severity level of disease. The current challenge is to provide comprehensive care, both for patients and their families, where the main goal aims at restoring the sense of wellbeing, their right to be perceived as a person with capacity to develop.
Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behaviors Through Children-Based Appeals: A Kin Selection Perspective, 2020
Environmental problems are due to the fact of humans prioritizing their narrow personal interests... more Environmental problems are due to the fact of humans prioritizing their narrow personal interests over collective interests. How can pro-environmental behavior be promoted without requiring people to behave in ways that go against their selfish tendencies? Kin selection theory asserts that humans are predisposed to ensure the survival and replication of their genes which they share with their offspring. We hypothesized that appeals to the welfare of their children would foster pro-environmental decision-making through activating a parental care motivation. Four studies examined the impact of messages about the welfare of (potential) children on environmental intentions. Overall, the results show that children-based appeals indirectly fostered ecological intentions through an increased parental care motivation. Furthermore, meta-analyses triangulated these findings by showing that people with children show greater parental care and pro-environmental intentions. These results are discussed in light of the kin selection theory, and its implications for environmental policymaking are addressed.
The negative relation between right-wing ideologies and environmentalism constitutes a relatively... more The negative relation between right-wing ideologies and environmentalism constitutes a relatively classic finding in environmental research. Despite this, the mechanism (or mechanisms) behind such an effect are still unclear. Here, we argue that given the importance of the economic sphere in most political-environmental issues, political ideologies related to economic beliefs could be one of the underlying mechanisms that drive this classic effect. Two correlational studies were carried out to test this hypothesis. Study 1 explored the relation between political ideology and economic liberalism, partially ruling out an alternative explanation. Study 2 tested the mediational role of economic liberalism on the relationship between political ideology and pro-environmental behaviour. Results gave support for full mediation. Results are discussed in line with research on environmental politics and psychology.
Excessive meat consumption is associated with a range of environmental problems. In this investig... more Excessive meat consumption is associated with a range of environmental problems. In this investigation, we examined the effectiveness of three types of persuasive messages posited to affect attitudes toward meat consumption. The first two messages contained health and environment-related appeals (e.g., the moral consequences of environmental degradation and animal welfare), which are commonly used in campaigns aimed at meat reduction. A third kind of message – one that is less frequently applied in meat-consumption campaigns – follows from research suggesting that meat aversions are acquired via the emotion disgust. Results across three studies – and a meta-analysis of these studies – suggest that disgust-oriented persuasive messages are more effective than health-oriented messages, and they are at least as effective as moral (i.e., animal welfare) messages in influencing meat attitudes. The practical implications for campaigns to reduce meat consumption are being discussed.
Resumen
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponib... more Resumen
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa.
Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especicarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítems para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) -con 21 ítems- de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, conformándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro
Palabras clave: felicidad, medición, estructura, validez.
Abstract
Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn’t reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and rened through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) –composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being conrmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.
Keywords: happiness, measure, structure, validity.
The article analyzes differences regarding work-family balance, participation in family work, and... more The article analyzes differences regarding work-family balance, participation in family work, and parental self-efficacy in workers (N=300) in Chile according to their sex and their status as income providers. Three instruments (Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen, Questionnaire of Participation in Family Work, and the Parental Evaluation Scale) were applied to workers from public and private organizations. Our results show that participation in family work is positively related to work-family balance, while the latter, in turn, is positively associated with parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, sex and being the main income provider in the household shows differential effects in both participation in family work and perception of parental self-efficacy. These results, we conclude, suggest the persistence of some elements of traditional gender patterns. This underlines the need to examine organizational policies from a gender perspective and to analyze the impact of public policy on organizational practices.
This article compares attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour, liberal economic thinking, happi... more This article compares attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour, liberal economic thinking, happiness and favourability to the construction of nuclear power plants in two physical and cultural contrasting Chilean territories — one of them insular, predominantly natural or rural (Easter Island) and the other continental, eminently urban (Talca). It examines 145 adult participants (57.2% continental) of both sexes (66.2% women), who answered the NEP-R on environmental attitudes, the Ecological Behaviour Scale (EBS), the Economic Liberalism Scale (ECOL), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and a question on the agreement of the construction of nuclear power plants. Insular participants report greener behaviour and happiness than their continental peers, while the latter ones tend to show more positive attitudes towards the environment and more liberal economic thought. In both territories, adults over 30 years old report more ecological behaviours than youth, and continental adults have a more pronounced liberal economic thinking than their insular peers, but this difference vanishes among young people. The results are discussed regarding the literature on the effect of culture on thinking, attitudes and behaviour.
Background The purpose of this study was to examine
the effect of the straight-line and road netw... more Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the straight-line and road network distances to parks and markets on anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and a healthy lifestyle in adult people. Methods We studied 832 subjects aged 18–74 years selected by a probability sampling. Geographic information systems were used to calculate access distance (straightline and road network distances) from the participant’s homes to the nearest public place for physical activity and commercial center. Results After adjusting the population by age and gender, a significant and negative relation was found between glycemia and both straight-line and road network distances to markets in both males and females. Moreover, males aged 35–54 had a significant and positive relation between triglycerides and distance to parks. In addition, a negative correlation was observed only in females between sport frequency and road network distances to markets.
La crisis ambiental global presenta una pluralidad de manifestaciones sociales que en ... more La crisis ambiental global presenta una pluralidad de manifestaciones sociales que en Chile, país con problemas de energía, van desde el rechazo ciudadano a proyectos de construcción de represas, hasta el retiro de iniciativas de ley relativas a la privatización de semillas en el parlamento. Se desconoce sin embargo cuáles son las creencias ambientales de los ciudadanos y la relación de estas con su ideología política y religiosa, y su eventual comportamiento pro-ambiental. Se analiza aquí las creencias ecocéntricas y antropocéntricas, y el comportamiento ambiental en chilenos adultos. Se observa que quienes se adscriben a posiciones políticas de derecha así como quienes declaran tener religión tienden a ser más antropocéntricos que ecocéntricos. Independientemente de su ideología, todos los participantes son desfavorables a la construcción de centrales nucleares y también son escépticos respecto de que cualquier gobierno que asuma pueda realizar más de lo hecho hasta ahora por proteger el ambiente.
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will account for around... more According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will account for around 30 % of deaths worldwide by 2020 with a relative increase over time due to population aging. In addition, the lifestyles of populations today contribute to the development of risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, among others. Physical inactivity is also associated with increased risk of morbidity or worsening CVD. In this review, we discuss the involvement of physical activity in the prevention of CVD risk factors. We also describe the role of physical activity in CVD prevention during aging.
Objetivo. Caracterizar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la satisfacción lab... more Objetivo. Caracterizar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la satisfacción laboral en trabajadoras estacionales agrícolas de la zona central de Chile. Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 106 trabajadoras de una empresa comercializadora y exportadora de frutas de la región del Maule, Chile. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre septiembre y octubre de 2013. Se empleó el cuestionario SUSESO ISTAS-21 para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo según cinco dimensiones (exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, compensaciones, y doble presencia). Se utilizó el cuestionario S10/12 para medir la satisfacción laboral según tres dimensiones (satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas, satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa y satisfacción con la supervisión) y en general. Resultados. El nivel de riesgo psicosocial fue alto en dos dimensiones (doble presencia, y trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo) y medio en las otras; el nivel de satisfacción fue alto en las tres dimensiones. La percepción de factores de riesgo psicosocial se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción laboral en tres dimensiones: trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, y compensaciones (en esta última, excepto con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa). Conclusiones. En las tres áreas identificadas se concentran los riesgos asociados con el trabajo estacional y los principales aspectos que las trabajadoras consideran que afectan a su satisfacción con el trabajo y, por extensión, a su bienestar en general.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a “physical activity break” (PAB) satisfaction s... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a “physical activity break” (PAB) satisfaction scale, for this, the RATER dimensions of the service quality model SERVQUAL were used. Design/methodology/approach – The study opted for a correlational study and used a psychometric approach. Totally, 69 administrative workers at a public university of Chile participated in a physical activity programme and completed a satisfaction questionnaire including sections adapted from the SERVQUAL model. Findings – The study created a PAB satisfaction scale, which shows appropriate psychometric indicators. Furthermore, satisfaction scores were positively correlated with perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes. Research limitations/implications – Because measures perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes are measured by single items, futures studies should evaluate association of the satisfaction scale with more consistent measures, as well as include anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index and weight). Practical implications – This study created a PAB satisfaction scale, using appropriate psychometric indicators which enable the evaluation of the quality of these programmes from the participant’s perspective. Originality/value – Despite the popularity of PAB programmes, to the authors knowledge, up to day there is no way of evaluating these programmes from the participant’s Perspective.
La reducción de la accidentalidad y la búsqueda de conductas seguras en el trabajo suponen logro... more La reducción de la accidentalidad y la búsqueda de conductas seguras en el trabajo suponen logros apreciados por las organizaciones hoy en día. Aquí se reporta una experiencia de intervención en una empresa productiva chilena desde el Modelo de Cultura Positiva hacia la Seguridad (MCPS), el cual entiende la cultura organizacional como compuesta por dos componentes principales: el clima de seguridad y el sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud laboral. 435 trabajadores que participaron del proceso de intervención de 11 meses fueron evaluados —antes y después de la intervención— en términos de su compromiso organizacional, satisfacción laboral y cultura positiva hacia la Seguridad (228 durante el pre-test y 207 durante el pos-test). Los resultados indican que la intervención tuvo efectos positivos para cada una de las variables aumentando la mayoría de sus puntuaciones en el pos-test. Asimismo, se observa una reducción en la etapa pos-intervención en cuanto a la frecuencia de accidentes registrados mensualmente en la empresa. Se analizan y contrastan estos resultados con la literatura sobre el tema. (Lillo H, Jiménez A, Méndez M, Moyano-Díaz E, Palomo-Vélez G, 2014. Una Experiencia de Intervención Psicosocial en Cultura Positiva de Seguridad en una Empresa Productiva Chilena. Cienc Trab. Sep-Dic; 16 [51]: 192-197).
Tobacco consumption is a public health problem that claims
more lives each year worldwide. In spi... more Tobacco consumption is a public health problem that claims more lives each year worldwide. In spite of several efforts taken to reduce tobacco consumption, figures indicate that there is still a huge population that smoke. From the social psychology perspective, the theory of cognitive dissonance postulates that people who are motivated to maintain a sense of consistency between their thoughts and actions could explain partly why smokers inspite of being aware of the harmful effects, continue smoking. In this review an explanation based on formulation and principles of the above mentioned theory is raised in order to suggest some considerations that could be taken into account at the hour of formulation and evaluation of public health policy related to the prevention and reduction of the consumption of tobacco.
La Escala Nuevo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP) (Dunlap & Van Liere, 1978) y sus adaptaciones posterior... more La Escala Nuevo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP) (Dunlap & Van Liere, 1978) y sus adaptaciones posteriores (Amérigo & González, 2001; Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig, & Jones, 2000; Vozmediano & San Juan, 2005) es usada ampliamente en países de América y Europa sin que exista una versión castellana para uso en Chile, ni en el Cono Sur. El NEP y su
versión más actual NEP-R, permite medir creencias ambientales incluidas en dos amplias dimensiones: ecocentrismo y antropocentrismo, respectivamente, una orientación hacia la protección o cuidado del ambiente y otra relativa al predominio y explotación del ser humano sobre la naturaleza. En el presente trabajo, se aplica el NEP-R a 760 adultos de diferentes ciudades de las regiones del Maule, Bío-Bío y Metropolitana de Chile, obteniéndose una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0.757. Los análisis dan cuenta de dos factores – antropocentrismo y ecocentrismo – explicativos del 42% de la varianza. Se discute las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas con respecto de aquellas de las versiones españolas del NEP-R.
Palabras clave: Ambiente; ecocentrismo; antropocentrismo; NEP-R; adultos
Background: This study examined the association between access to urban green spaces and markets ... more Background: This study examined the association between access to urban green spaces and markets with anthropometric measurements, biological markers, sociodemographic, and healthy lifestyle. Methods: Geographic information systems were used to establish a correlation between environmental features and cardiovascular risk parameters. A total number of 832 (age range 18–74 years) individuals were selected for this study. Results: Body mass index was significantly and positively related to the distance to parks (ρ = 0.079, p < 0.05), but negatively related to the distance to markets (ρ = −0.125, p < 0.05). In addition, waist circumference was similar and positively related to distance to parks (ρ = 0.097, p < 0.05) and negatively related to distance to markets (ρ = −0.092, p < 0.05). With respect to biochemical parameters, when there was an increase in the distance to markets, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and glycemia decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the importance of the role of environmental factors such as parks and markets in the development of cardiovascular risk.
Despite the improvements in medical treatment over recent decades, hemophilia patients experience... more Despite the improvements in medical treatment over recent decades, hemophilia patients experience deterioration in their quality of life. This study provides a demographic and clinical characterization of hemophilia patients and how this affects their quality of life. This is based on a descriptive cross-sectional study on quality of life of 20 patients with hemophilia from the Province of Curicó, Maule Region. The following antecedents were obtained from each patient: age, weight, height, severity of hemophilia, presence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Chagas disease. To measure the quality of life the Short Form-36 survey was applied to each one of the patients. The average age was 35±16 years old and bodymass index was 25±4 kg/m2. Regarding the severity level of the disease, in 55% of the patient it was found mild. Moreover, 25% of patients had hepatitis C. The most co-morbidity was for articular lesions. Quality of life is affected mainly by lack of sport and also due to the severity level of disease. The current challenge is to provide comprehensive care, both for patients and their families, where the main goal aims at restoring the sense of wellbeing, their right to be perceived as a person with capacity to develop.
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Papers by Gonzalo Palomo Vélez
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa.
Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especicarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítems para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) -con 21 ítems- de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, conformándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro
Palabras clave: felicidad, medición, estructura, validez.
Abstract
Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn’t reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and rened through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) –composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being conrmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.
Keywords: happiness, measure, structure, validity.
the effect of the straight-line and road network distances to
parks and markets on anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and a healthy lifestyle in adult people.
Methods We studied 832 subjects aged 18–74 years selected by a probability sampling. Geographic information systems were used to calculate access distance (straightline and road network distances) from the participant’s homes to the nearest public place for physical activity and commercial center.
Results After adjusting the population by age and gender, a significant and negative relation was found between glycemia and both straight-line and road network distances to markets in both males and females. Moreover, males aged 35–54 had a significant and positive relation between triglycerides and distance to parks. In addition, a negative correlation was observed only in females between sport frequency and road network distances to markets.
Role of physical activity in cardiovascular disease prevention in older adults (PDF Download Available). Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281780990_Role_of_physical_activity_in_cardiovascular_disease_prevention_in_older_adults [accessed Oct 9, 2015].
Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 106 trabajadoras de una empresa comercializadora y exportadora de frutas de la región del Maule, Chile. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre septiembre y octubre de 2013. Se empleó el cuestionario SUSESO ISTAS-21 para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo según cinco dimensiones (exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, compensaciones, y doble presencia). Se utilizó el cuestionario S10/12 para medir la satisfacción laboral según tres dimensiones (satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas, satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa y satisfacción con la supervisión) y en general.
Resultados. El nivel de riesgo psicosocial fue alto en dos dimensiones (doble presencia, y trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo) y medio en las otras; el nivel de satisfacción fue alto en las tres dimensiones. La percepción de factores de riesgo psicosocial se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción laboral en tres dimensiones: trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, y compensaciones (en esta última, excepto con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa).
Conclusiones. En las tres áreas identificadas se concentran los riesgos asociados con el trabajo estacional y los principales aspectos que las trabajadoras consideran que afectan a su satisfacción con el trabajo y, por extensión, a su bienestar en general.
Design/methodology/approach – The study opted for a correlational study and used a psychometric approach. Totally, 69 administrative workers at a public university of Chile participated in a physical activity programme and completed a satisfaction questionnaire including sections adapted from the SERVQUAL model.
Findings – The study created a PAB satisfaction scale, which shows appropriate psychometric indicators. Furthermore, satisfaction scores were positively correlated with perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes.
Research limitations/implications – Because measures perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes are measured by single items, futures studies should evaluate association of the satisfaction scale with more consistent measures, as well as include anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index and weight).
Practical implications – This study created a PAB satisfaction scale, using appropriate psychometric indicators which enable the evaluation of the quality of these programmes from the participant’s perspective.
Originality/value – Despite the popularity of PAB programmes, to the authors knowledge, up to day there is no way of evaluating these programmes from the participant’s Perspective.
(Lillo H, Jiménez A, Méndez M, Moyano-Díaz E, Palomo-Vélez G, 2014. Una Experiencia de Intervención Psicosocial en Cultura Positiva de Seguridad en una Empresa Productiva Chilena. Cienc Trab. Sep-Dic; 16 [51]: 192-197).
more lives each year worldwide. In spite of several efforts
taken to reduce tobacco consumption, figures indicate that
there is still a huge population that smoke. From the social
psychology perspective, the theory of cognitive dissonance
postulates that people who are motivated to maintain a sense
of consistency between their thoughts and actions could explain
partly why smokers inspite of being aware of the harmful
effects, continue smoking. In this review an explanation
based on formulation and principles of the above mentioned
theory is raised in order to suggest some considerations that
could be taken into account at the hour of formulation and
evaluation of public health policy related to the prevention
and reduction of the consumption of tobacco.
versión más actual NEP-R, permite medir creencias ambientales incluidas en dos amplias dimensiones: ecocentrismo y antropocentrismo, respectivamente, una orientación hacia la protección o cuidado del ambiente y otra relativa al predominio y explotación del ser humano sobre la naturaleza. En el presente trabajo, se aplica el NEP-R a 760 adultos de diferentes ciudades de las regiones del Maule, Bío-Bío y Metropolitana de Chile, obteniéndose una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0.757. Los análisis dan cuenta de dos factores – antropocentrismo y ecocentrismo – explicativos del 42% de la varianza. Se discute las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas con respecto de aquellas de las versiones españolas del NEP-R.
Palabras clave: Ambiente; ecocentrismo; antropocentrismo; NEP-R; adultos
between environmental features and cardiovascular risk parameters. A total number of 832 (age range 18–74 years) individuals were selected for this study. Results: Body mass index was significantly and positively related to the distance to parks (ρ = 0.079, p < 0.05), but negatively related to the distance to markets (ρ = −0.125, p < 0.05). In addition, waist circumference was similar and positively related to distance to parks (ρ = 0.097, p < 0.05) and negatively related to distance to markets (ρ = −0.092, p < 0.05). With respect to biochemical parameters, when there was an increase in the distance to markets, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and glycemia decreased.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the importance of the role of environmental factors such as parks and markets in the development of cardiovascular risk.
patients with hemophilia from the Province of Curicó, Maule Region.
The following antecedents were obtained from each patient: age, weight, height, severity of hemophilia, presence of hepatitis B virus,
hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Chagas disease.
To measure the quality of life the Short Form-36 survey was applied to
each one of the patients. The average age was 35±16 years old and bodymass index was 25±4 kg/m2. Regarding the severity level of the disease, in 55% of the patient it was found mild. Moreover, 25% of patients had hepatitis C. The most co-morbidity was for articular lesions. Quality of life is affected mainly by lack of sport and also due to the severity level of disease. The current challenge is to provide comprehensive care, both for patients and their families, where the main goal aims at restoring the sense of wellbeing, their right to be perceived as a person with capacity to develop.
Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa.
Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especicarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítems para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) -con 21 ítems- de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, conformándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro
Palabras clave: felicidad, medición, estructura, validez.
Abstract
Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn’t reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and rened through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) –composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being conrmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.
Keywords: happiness, measure, structure, validity.
the effect of the straight-line and road network distances to
parks and markets on anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and a healthy lifestyle in adult people.
Methods We studied 832 subjects aged 18–74 years selected by a probability sampling. Geographic information systems were used to calculate access distance (straightline and road network distances) from the participant’s homes to the nearest public place for physical activity and commercial center.
Results After adjusting the population by age and gender, a significant and negative relation was found between glycemia and both straight-line and road network distances to markets in both males and females. Moreover, males aged 35–54 had a significant and positive relation between triglycerides and distance to parks. In addition, a negative correlation was observed only in females between sport frequency and road network distances to markets.
Role of physical activity in cardiovascular disease prevention in older adults (PDF Download Available). Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281780990_Role_of_physical_activity_in_cardiovascular_disease_prevention_in_older_adults [accessed Oct 9, 2015].
Métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 106 trabajadoras de una empresa comercializadora y exportadora de frutas de la región del Maule, Chile. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre septiembre y octubre de 2013. Se empleó el cuestionario SUSESO ISTAS-21 para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo según cinco dimensiones (exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, compensaciones, y doble presencia). Se utilizó el cuestionario S10/12 para medir la satisfacción laboral según tres dimensiones (satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas, satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa y satisfacción con la supervisión) y en general.
Resultados. El nivel de riesgo psicosocial fue alto en dos dimensiones (doble presencia, y trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo) y medio en las otras; el nivel de satisfacción fue alto en las tres dimensiones. La percepción de factores de riesgo psicosocial se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción laboral en tres dimensiones: trabajo activo y posibilidades de desarrollo, apoyo social en la empresa y calidad del liderazgo, y compensaciones (en esta última, excepto con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de la empresa).
Conclusiones. En las tres áreas identificadas se concentran los riesgos asociados con el trabajo estacional y los principales aspectos que las trabajadoras consideran que afectan a su satisfacción con el trabajo y, por extensión, a su bienestar en general.
Design/methodology/approach – The study opted for a correlational study and used a psychometric approach. Totally, 69 administrative workers at a public university of Chile participated in a physical activity programme and completed a satisfaction questionnaire including sections adapted from the SERVQUAL model.
Findings – The study created a PAB satisfaction scale, which shows appropriate psychometric indicators. Furthermore, satisfaction scores were positively correlated with perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes.
Research limitations/implications – Because measures perceived psychological and physical benefits, attendance motivation and intention to participate again in future programmes are measured by single items, futures studies should evaluate association of the satisfaction scale with more consistent measures, as well as include anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index and weight).
Practical implications – This study created a PAB satisfaction scale, using appropriate psychometric indicators which enable the evaluation of the quality of these programmes from the participant’s perspective.
Originality/value – Despite the popularity of PAB programmes, to the authors knowledge, up to day there is no way of evaluating these programmes from the participant’s Perspective.
(Lillo H, Jiménez A, Méndez M, Moyano-Díaz E, Palomo-Vélez G, 2014. Una Experiencia de Intervención Psicosocial en Cultura Positiva de Seguridad en una Empresa Productiva Chilena. Cienc Trab. Sep-Dic; 16 [51]: 192-197).
more lives each year worldwide. In spite of several efforts
taken to reduce tobacco consumption, figures indicate that
there is still a huge population that smoke. From the social
psychology perspective, the theory of cognitive dissonance
postulates that people who are motivated to maintain a sense
of consistency between their thoughts and actions could explain
partly why smokers inspite of being aware of the harmful
effects, continue smoking. In this review an explanation
based on formulation and principles of the above mentioned
theory is raised in order to suggest some considerations that
could be taken into account at the hour of formulation and
evaluation of public health policy related to the prevention
and reduction of the consumption of tobacco.
versión más actual NEP-R, permite medir creencias ambientales incluidas en dos amplias dimensiones: ecocentrismo y antropocentrismo, respectivamente, una orientación hacia la protección o cuidado del ambiente y otra relativa al predominio y explotación del ser humano sobre la naturaleza. En el presente trabajo, se aplica el NEP-R a 760 adultos de diferentes ciudades de las regiones del Maule, Bío-Bío y Metropolitana de Chile, obteniéndose una confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de 0.757. Los análisis dan cuenta de dos factores – antropocentrismo y ecocentrismo – explicativos del 42% de la varianza. Se discute las propiedades psicométricas obtenidas con respecto de aquellas de las versiones españolas del NEP-R.
Palabras clave: Ambiente; ecocentrismo; antropocentrismo; NEP-R; adultos
between environmental features and cardiovascular risk parameters. A total number of 832 (age range 18–74 years) individuals were selected for this study. Results: Body mass index was significantly and positively related to the distance to parks (ρ = 0.079, p < 0.05), but negatively related to the distance to markets (ρ = −0.125, p < 0.05). In addition, waist circumference was similar and positively related to distance to parks (ρ = 0.097, p < 0.05) and negatively related to distance to markets (ρ = −0.092, p < 0.05). With respect to biochemical parameters, when there was an increase in the distance to markets, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and glycemia decreased.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the importance of the role of environmental factors such as parks and markets in the development of cardiovascular risk.
patients with hemophilia from the Province of Curicó, Maule Region.
The following antecedents were obtained from each patient: age, weight, height, severity of hemophilia, presence of hepatitis B virus,
hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Chagas disease.
To measure the quality of life the Short Form-36 survey was applied to
each one of the patients. The average age was 35±16 years old and bodymass index was 25±4 kg/m2. Regarding the severity level of the disease, in 55% of the patient it was found mild. Moreover, 25% of patients had hepatitis C. The most co-morbidity was for articular lesions. Quality of life is affected mainly by lack of sport and also due to the severity level of disease. The current challenge is to provide comprehensive care, both for patients and their families, where the main goal aims at restoring the sense of wellbeing, their right to be perceived as a person with capacity to develop.