Rortha CHUM is a PhD Candidate of International Relations at the Techo Sen School of Government and International Relations, University of Cambodia. He is a Vice Chief Human Resource Development Office at the Personnel Department for the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. He is currently a part time lecturer at two Universities namely Royal University of Law and Economics and National University of Management, the areas of his interests are inventory Management, Principles of Management, Research Methodology, Investment Management, Real Estate Finance, OB and TQM. He also used to teach General English Program at Pannastra University of Cambodia. He can be reached at chumrortha@gmail.com
Flinders University, South Australia, School of Education, June, 2009
Abstract
This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to ... more Abstract This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to the Cambodian public sector organisations. The concept of a learning organisation originally deals with an organisation’s individual mindsets. It is about shifting these individual parts to see things in the organisation as a whole. The concept is initially based on the belief that all people in public sector organisations are learners. Being part of the world today has become more interrelated and business has become more complex and dynamic issues. In other word, therefore, the employees must become more learning based. Base on this idea, Senge developed the concept of a ‘learning organisation’ that occurs when skilled and competent individual members of the organisation start thinking and acting together as a team. The knowledge individuals have does not guarantee the outcomes of being a learning organisation. It is widely perceived that the learning organisation concept is one management approach which is proposed for an organisation to keep pace with a rapidly changing world as well as a means for improving the organisation’s performance effectiveness and efficiency. Through a review of related literature, most evidence for applying the concept is seen in the private sector. The results show flat organisational structures, flexible management, improved communication between individuals, reduction of barriers to channel communication between the leaders and followers, clear, set goals and objectives. However, the public sector is also facing rapid change. The public sector plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of improving performance, and hence the future public service, and need to be more effective and entrepreneurial organisation as the private sectors do. The study found that there is a universal organisational learning structure that can be cut and pasted in organisations such as public or private schools to implement those existing structures. It is a challenging issue for an organisation to transform the theory of learning organisation and implement it in a fully practical way of the Cambodia public sector organisations. However, the concept of learning organisation can be applied to some extent. A number of variables of internal environment, organisation structure, staff members, organisational change, vision, mission, goals and objectives need to be considered. In order to promote a learning organisation concept to the Cambodian public sector, it demands leaders to form their own leadership styles which are suitable for the organisational cultures, norms, and values of their organisations. In addition, individual staff members are encouraged to improve their skills and knowledge. Therefore, they can share what they have learned, think and act strategically and logically. The way of promoting a learning organisation is expected to be continued and encouraged as a learning culture where staff members in organisations are open minded. All staff members in the organisation should be ready to learn and to reflect and unite to solve problems together. Learning, essentially, is perceived as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation. In this view, team learning and shared mental models are the most significant transfer mechanisms that link individual learning to organisational learning as a whole. This is required for the Cambodian public sector organisation’s leaders to play a crucial role in building a learning organisation that is the best mechanism to lead the public sector to improve their task performance.
Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese foreign assistanc... more Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese foreign assistance has influenced in interests of politics, strategics and economics. This article seeks to explore the close interaction of China’s foreign financial aid influences and contributions in respect to economic infrastructure development on economic growth. Methods: Using in-depth interviews with twelve key experts’ participants are conducted and transcribed by the author. The data analysis is employed thematic analysis and using Nvivo 10 are used to analysis, all interviews are transcribed by the author number of codes in systematic way by reducing data from the codes and then develop themes from the codes. Results: Chinese foreign assistance in respect to economic infrastructure development has increased contributions to economic interests and economic growth in short run and long run in Cambodia. Chinese foreign assistance to Cambodia contributes to mutual complementary interests in economic prosperity and on economic growth. Conclusions: Chinese foreign assistance has positive contributions to economic growth, despite 20 percent of participants are concerned over Chinese financial assistance on some low quality of economic infrastructure development.
Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese finan-cial develo... more Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese finan-cial development assistance has influenced in interests of politics, strategics and economics. This article seeks to explore the close interaction of China foreign finan-cial aid influences and contributions in respect to economic infrastructure develop-ment on economic growth. Methods: Using in-depth interviews with twelve key ex-perts’ participants are conducted and transcribed by the author. The data analysis is employed thematic analysis and using Nvivo 10 are used to analysis, all interviews are transcribed by the author number of codes in systematic way by reducing data from the codes and then develop themes from the codes. Results: Chinese financial development assistance in respect to economic infrastructure development has in-creased contributions to economic interests and economic growth in short run and long run in Cambodia. Chinese financial development assistance to Cambodia contributes to mutual complementary interests in economic prosperity and on economic growth. Conclusions: Chinese financial development assistance has positive contributions to economic growth, despite 20 percent of participants are concerned over Chinese financial development assistance on some low quality of economic infrastructure development.
The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy has emerged as the newest terms of the world’s pol... more The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy has emerged as the newest terms of the world’s politics. As the whole world has much calculation over the strategic competition between the United States (US) and China and has significant impact the Asia Pacific, Indian Ocean and ASEAN’s states. It is revealed that maritime interconnected has required to extending Asian regionalism westwards to include countries on the Indian Ocean rim. It also competes with the longstanding Asia-Pacific Policy and four major governments included Australia, India, Japan and the US, have adopted it into their foreign policies to counter balance with China. It has countless and hot debates on the Indo-Pacific concepts which focuses on how does it institutionally rebalance Asian regionalism through the incorporation of Indian Ocean states are weighted to China as Asia’s supper power. The Indo-Pacific concept has been articulated in recent times as though it is a response to the rise of China and its assertive diplomacy, particularly over the South China Sea disputes and the Belt and Road Initiative and Marine time Silk Road. For ASEAN, the grouping fears a weakening of the glue of neutrality that holds it together. For giving insights the phrase “free and open” as the categories and attributes, for free a number of attributes include free from coercion, good governance is along with fundamental of rights, transparency, and anti-corruption, and open is combined with open sea lines communication and airways, open logistics via infrastructure, open investment, open trade is meant that free, fair and reciprocal trade. This paper discusses situating Pacific diplomacy, the Rise of the Indo-Pacific strategy, the Rise of China and India, and Overview of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy from Economic to security perspectives.
Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute ... more Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute negatively, Cambodian perceptions are relatively more supportive. This divergence of views in academia raises the question of how the Cambodian public generally perceives Cambodia's current relations with China. Given that most Cambodian academics are positive concerning this topic, it is assumed that the Cambodian public would be supportive of the current relations. Therefore, this study aims to prove this perception by studying the attitudes of students in The University of Cambodia, specifically on how they perceive Cambodia's current relations with China in the context of the South China Sea dispute. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were employed to measure the students' perceptions towards five dimensions of the Cambodia-China relations. These include economy, trade, conflict management, geopolitics, foreign policy, and benefits for Cambodia. Data was collected and analyzed from 11 classes and 292 participants. The analysis involved steps such as data cleaning, determining the reliability of responses, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results from the analysis confirms the view that Cambodians are generally supportive of Cambodia's current relations, and do not view Cambodia's actions as contradicting or harming ASEAN. However, they have expressed reservations on China's contributions to democracy, and are wary of Cambodia's aid dependency. On the other hand, the perceptions observed reflect the need for a balanced and pragmatic approach to foreign policy. Furthermore, Cambodians believe that all relations require mutual reciprocity between Cambodia and all nations.
This paper is to discuss and evaluate the China's economic diplomacy relations. Economic diplomac... more This paper is to discuss and evaluate the China's economic diplomacy relations. Economic diplomacy of China is hot topic and countless debated for people all walk of life. The forms of China's economic diplomacy have changed dramatically over the last two decades with the rise of China as an economic growth for Asia. China has significant experiences of sustainable economic growth. China's has been applied mechanism of economic statecraft and then provided a crucial venue to examine the role of unacknowledged diplomacy of coercion within this context of China's peaceful rise. However, Western countries have overwhelmingly implicated economic restrictions and other forms of economic coercion; China has formal objections any such policies at the same time China has carefully to pursue them. The economic diplomacy has a lot of publications in scholarly journals, papers and official documents. The contributions' aspects China economic diplomacy has emerged in different angles and perspectives and these are crucial to Cambodia to absorb her national interests. Cambodia is pivotal to China foreign policy objectives to Southeast Asia regions and the others parts of the globe, resistance longstanding to potentially tame America hegemony. The rise of China, the rise of China economic diplomacy, China's transformation as a global actor has concerned globally and as well as Cambodia. As China has become a powerful economic power house, as economic diplomacy and make a traditional hegemony is in its strategic dilemmas and anxieties.
Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute ... more Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute negatively, Cambodian perceptions are relatively more supportive. This divergence of views in academia raises the question of how the Cambodian public generally perceives Cambodia's current relations with China. Given that most Cambodian academics are positive concerning this topic, it is assumed that the Cambodian public would be supportive of the current relations. Therefore, this study aims to prove this perception by studying the attitudes of students in The University of Cambodia, specifically on how they perceive Cambodia's current relations with China in the context of the South China Sea dispute. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were employed to measure the students' perceptions towards five dimensions of the Cambodia-China relations. These include economy, trade, conflict management, geopolitics, foreign policy, and benefits for Cambodia. Data was collected and analyzed from 11 classes and 292 participants. The analysis involved steps such as data cleaning, determining the reliability of responses, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results from the analysis confirms the view that Cambodians are generally supportive of Cambodia's current relations, and do not view Cambodia's actions as contradicting or harming ASEAN. However, they have expressed reservations on China's contributions to democracy, and are wary of Cambodia's aid dependency. On the other hand, the perceptions observed reflect the need for a balanced and pragmatic approach to foreign policy. Furthermore, Cambodians believe that all relations require mutual reciprocity between Cambodia and all nations.
Flinders University, South Australia, School of Education, June, 2009
Abstract
This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to ... more Abstract This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to the Cambodian public sector organisations. The concept of a learning organisation originally deals with an organisation’s individual mindsets. It is about shifting these individual parts to see things in the organisation as a whole. The concept is initially based on the belief that all people in public sector organisations are learners. Being part of the world today has become more interrelated and business has become more complex and dynamic issues. In other word, therefore, the employees must become more learning based. Base on this idea, Senge developed the concept of a ‘learning organisation’ that occurs when skilled and competent individual members of the organisation start thinking and acting together as a team. The knowledge individuals have does not guarantee the outcomes of being a learning organisation. It is widely perceived that the learning organisation concept is one management approach which is proposed for an organisation to keep pace with a rapidly changing world as well as a means for improving the organisation’s performance effectiveness and efficiency. Through a review of related literature, most evidence for applying the concept is seen in the private sector. The results show flat organisational structures, flexible management, improved communication between individuals, reduction of barriers to channel communication between the leaders and followers, clear, set goals and objectives. However, the public sector is also facing rapid change. The public sector plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of improving performance, and hence the future public service, and need to be more effective and entrepreneurial organisation as the private sectors do. The study found that there is a universal organisational learning structure that can be cut and pasted in organisations such as public or private schools to implement those existing structures. It is a challenging issue for an organisation to transform the theory of learning organisation and implement it in a fully practical way of the Cambodia public sector organisations. However, the concept of learning organisation can be applied to some extent. A number of variables of internal environment, organisation structure, staff members, organisational change, vision, mission, goals and objectives need to be considered. In order to promote a learning organisation concept to the Cambodian public sector, it demands leaders to form their own leadership styles which are suitable for the organisational cultures, norms, and values of their organisations. In addition, individual staff members are encouraged to improve their skills and knowledge. Therefore, they can share what they have learned, think and act strategically and logically. The way of promoting a learning organisation is expected to be continued and encouraged as a learning culture where staff members in organisations are open minded. All staff members in the organisation should be ready to learn and to reflect and unite to solve problems together. Learning, essentially, is perceived as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation. In this view, team learning and shared mental models are the most significant transfer mechanisms that link individual learning to organisational learning as a whole. This is required for the Cambodian public sector organisation’s leaders to play a crucial role in building a learning organisation that is the best mechanism to lead the public sector to improve their task performance.
Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese foreign assistanc... more Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese foreign assistance has influenced in interests of politics, strategics and economics. This article seeks to explore the close interaction of China’s foreign financial aid influences and contributions in respect to economic infrastructure development on economic growth. Methods: Using in-depth interviews with twelve key experts’ participants are conducted and transcribed by the author. The data analysis is employed thematic analysis and using Nvivo 10 are used to analysis, all interviews are transcribed by the author number of codes in systematic way by reducing data from the codes and then develop themes from the codes. Results: Chinese foreign assistance in respect to economic infrastructure development has increased contributions to economic interests and economic growth in short run and long run in Cambodia. Chinese foreign assistance to Cambodia contributes to mutual complementary interests in economic prosperity and on economic growth. Conclusions: Chinese foreign assistance has positive contributions to economic growth, despite 20 percent of participants are concerned over Chinese financial assistance on some low quality of economic infrastructure development.
Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese finan-cial develo... more Cambodia is one of the oldest and the most trusted of China’s alliance. Chinese finan-cial development assistance has influenced in interests of politics, strategics and economics. This article seeks to explore the close interaction of China foreign finan-cial aid influences and contributions in respect to economic infrastructure develop-ment on economic growth. Methods: Using in-depth interviews with twelve key ex-perts’ participants are conducted and transcribed by the author. The data analysis is employed thematic analysis and using Nvivo 10 are used to analysis, all interviews are transcribed by the author number of codes in systematic way by reducing data from the codes and then develop themes from the codes. Results: Chinese financial development assistance in respect to economic infrastructure development has in-creased contributions to economic interests and economic growth in short run and long run in Cambodia. Chinese financial development assistance to Cambodia contributes to mutual complementary interests in economic prosperity and on economic growth. Conclusions: Chinese financial development assistance has positive contributions to economic growth, despite 20 percent of participants are concerned over Chinese financial development assistance on some low quality of economic infrastructure development.
The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy has emerged as the newest terms of the world’s pol... more The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy has emerged as the newest terms of the world’s politics. As the whole world has much calculation over the strategic competition between the United States (US) and China and has significant impact the Asia Pacific, Indian Ocean and ASEAN’s states. It is revealed that maritime interconnected has required to extending Asian regionalism westwards to include countries on the Indian Ocean rim. It also competes with the longstanding Asia-Pacific Policy and four major governments included Australia, India, Japan and the US, have adopted it into their foreign policies to counter balance with China. It has countless and hot debates on the Indo-Pacific concepts which focuses on how does it institutionally rebalance Asian regionalism through the incorporation of Indian Ocean states are weighted to China as Asia’s supper power. The Indo-Pacific concept has been articulated in recent times as though it is a response to the rise of China and its assertive diplomacy, particularly over the South China Sea disputes and the Belt and Road Initiative and Marine time Silk Road. For ASEAN, the grouping fears a weakening of the glue of neutrality that holds it together. For giving insights the phrase “free and open” as the categories and attributes, for free a number of attributes include free from coercion, good governance is along with fundamental of rights, transparency, and anti-corruption, and open is combined with open sea lines communication and airways, open logistics via infrastructure, open investment, open trade is meant that free, fair and reciprocal trade. This paper discusses situating Pacific diplomacy, the Rise of the Indo-Pacific strategy, the Rise of China and India, and Overview of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy from Economic to security perspectives.
Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute ... more Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute negatively, Cambodian perceptions are relatively more supportive. This divergence of views in academia raises the question of how the Cambodian public generally perceives Cambodia's current relations with China. Given that most Cambodian academics are positive concerning this topic, it is assumed that the Cambodian public would be supportive of the current relations. Therefore, this study aims to prove this perception by studying the attitudes of students in The University of Cambodia, specifically on how they perceive Cambodia's current relations with China in the context of the South China Sea dispute. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were employed to measure the students' perceptions towards five dimensions of the Cambodia-China relations. These include economy, trade, conflict management, geopolitics, foreign policy, and benefits for Cambodia. Data was collected and analyzed from 11 classes and 292 participants. The analysis involved steps such as data cleaning, determining the reliability of responses, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results from the analysis confirms the view that Cambodians are generally supportive of Cambodia's current relations, and do not view Cambodia's actions as contradicting or harming ASEAN. However, they have expressed reservations on China's contributions to democracy, and are wary of Cambodia's aid dependency. On the other hand, the perceptions observed reflect the need for a balanced and pragmatic approach to foreign policy. Furthermore, Cambodians believe that all relations require mutual reciprocity between Cambodia and all nations.
This paper is to discuss and evaluate the China's economic diplomacy relations. Economic diplomac... more This paper is to discuss and evaluate the China's economic diplomacy relations. Economic diplomacy of China is hot topic and countless debated for people all walk of life. The forms of China's economic diplomacy have changed dramatically over the last two decades with the rise of China as an economic growth for Asia. China has significant experiences of sustainable economic growth. China's has been applied mechanism of economic statecraft and then provided a crucial venue to examine the role of unacknowledged diplomacy of coercion within this context of China's peaceful rise. However, Western countries have overwhelmingly implicated economic restrictions and other forms of economic coercion; China has formal objections any such policies at the same time China has carefully to pursue them. The economic diplomacy has a lot of publications in scholarly journals, papers and official documents. The contributions' aspects China economic diplomacy has emerged in different angles and perspectives and these are crucial to Cambodia to absorb her national interests. Cambodia is pivotal to China foreign policy objectives to Southeast Asia regions and the others parts of the globe, resistance longstanding to potentially tame America hegemony. The rise of China, the rise of China economic diplomacy, China's transformation as a global actor has concerned globally and as well as Cambodia. As China has become a powerful economic power house, as economic diplomacy and make a traditional hegemony is in its strategic dilemmas and anxieties.
Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute ... more Even though Western scholars view Cambodia-China relations regarding the South China Sea dispute negatively, Cambodian perceptions are relatively more supportive. This divergence of views in academia raises the question of how the Cambodian public generally perceives Cambodia's current relations with China. Given that most Cambodian academics are positive concerning this topic, it is assumed that the Cambodian public would be supportive of the current relations. Therefore, this study aims to prove this perception by studying the attitudes of students in The University of Cambodia, specifically on how they perceive Cambodia's current relations with China in the context of the South China Sea dispute. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were employed to measure the students' perceptions towards five dimensions of the Cambodia-China relations. These include economy, trade, conflict management, geopolitics, foreign policy, and benefits for Cambodia. Data was collected and analyzed from 11 classes and 292 participants. The analysis involved steps such as data cleaning, determining the reliability of responses, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results from the analysis confirms the view that Cambodians are generally supportive of Cambodia's current relations, and do not view Cambodia's actions as contradicting or harming ASEAN. However, they have expressed reservations on China's contributions to democracy, and are wary of Cambodia's aid dependency. On the other hand, the perceptions observed reflect the need for a balanced and pragmatic approach to foreign policy. Furthermore, Cambodians believe that all relations require mutual reciprocity between Cambodia and all nations.
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Thesis Chapters by Rortha Chum
This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to the Cambodian public sector organisations. The concept of a learning organisation originally deals with an organisation’s individual mindsets. It is about shifting these individual parts to see things in the organisation as a whole. The concept is initially based on the belief that all people in public sector organisations are learners. Being part of the world today has become more interrelated and business has become more complex and dynamic issues. In other word, therefore, the employees must become more learning based. Base on this idea, Senge developed the concept of a ‘learning organisation’ that occurs when skilled and competent individual members of the organisation start thinking and acting together as a team. The knowledge individuals have does not guarantee the outcomes of being a learning organisation.
It is widely perceived that the learning organisation concept is one management approach which is proposed for an organisation to keep pace with a rapidly changing world as well as a means for improving the organisation’s performance effectiveness and efficiency. Through a review of related literature, most evidence for applying the concept is seen in the private sector. The results show flat organisational structures, flexible management, improved communication between individuals, reduction of barriers to channel communication between the leaders and followers, clear, set goals and objectives.
However, the public sector is also facing rapid change. The public sector plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of improving performance, and hence the future public service, and need to be more effective and entrepreneurial organisation as the private sectors do.
The study found that there is a universal organisational learning structure that can be cut and pasted in organisations such as public or private schools to implement those existing structures. It is a challenging issue for an organisation to transform the theory of learning organisation and implement it in a fully practical way of the Cambodia public sector organisations. However, the concept of learning organisation can be applied to some extent. A number of variables of internal environment, organisation structure, staff members, organisational change, vision, mission, goals and objectives need to be considered. In order to promote a learning organisation concept to the Cambodian public sector, it demands leaders to form their own leadership styles which are suitable for the organisational cultures, norms, and values of their organisations.
In addition, individual staff members are encouraged to improve their skills and knowledge. Therefore, they can share what they have learned, think and act strategically and logically. The way of promoting a learning organisation is expected to be continued and encouraged as a learning culture where staff members in organisations are open minded. All staff members in the organisation should be ready to learn and to reflect and unite to solve problems together. Learning, essentially, is perceived as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation. In this view, team learning and shared mental models are the most significant transfer mechanisms that link individual learning to organisational learning as a whole.
This is required for the Cambodian public sector organisation’s leaders to play a crucial role in building a learning organisation that is the best mechanism to lead the public sector to improve their task performance.
Papers by Rortha Chum
This paper explores the construction of the learning organisation concept as applied to the Cambodian public sector organisations. The concept of a learning organisation originally deals with an organisation’s individual mindsets. It is about shifting these individual parts to see things in the organisation as a whole. The concept is initially based on the belief that all people in public sector organisations are learners. Being part of the world today has become more interrelated and business has become more complex and dynamic issues. In other word, therefore, the employees must become more learning based. Base on this idea, Senge developed the concept of a ‘learning organisation’ that occurs when skilled and competent individual members of the organisation start thinking and acting together as a team. The knowledge individuals have does not guarantee the outcomes of being a learning organisation.
It is widely perceived that the learning organisation concept is one management approach which is proposed for an organisation to keep pace with a rapidly changing world as well as a means for improving the organisation’s performance effectiveness and efficiency. Through a review of related literature, most evidence for applying the concept is seen in the private sector. The results show flat organisational structures, flexible management, improved communication between individuals, reduction of barriers to channel communication between the leaders and followers, clear, set goals and objectives.
However, the public sector is also facing rapid change. The public sector plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of improving performance, and hence the future public service, and need to be more effective and entrepreneurial organisation as the private sectors do.
The study found that there is a universal organisational learning structure that can be cut and pasted in organisations such as public or private schools to implement those existing structures. It is a challenging issue for an organisation to transform the theory of learning organisation and implement it in a fully practical way of the Cambodia public sector organisations. However, the concept of learning organisation can be applied to some extent. A number of variables of internal environment, organisation structure, staff members, organisational change, vision, mission, goals and objectives need to be considered. In order to promote a learning organisation concept to the Cambodian public sector, it demands leaders to form their own leadership styles which are suitable for the organisational cultures, norms, and values of their organisations.
In addition, individual staff members are encouraged to improve their skills and knowledge. Therefore, they can share what they have learned, think and act strategically and logically. The way of promoting a learning organisation is expected to be continued and encouraged as a learning culture where staff members in organisations are open minded. All staff members in the organisation should be ready to learn and to reflect and unite to solve problems together. Learning, essentially, is perceived as a source of competitive advantage for an organisation. In this view, team learning and shared mental models are the most significant transfer mechanisms that link individual learning to organisational learning as a whole.
This is required for the Cambodian public sector organisation’s leaders to play a crucial role in building a learning organisation that is the best mechanism to lead the public sector to improve their task performance.