Gul Majid Khan

Background Pakistan is facing a growing population of people living with human immunodeficiency (HIV). In this randomized controlled trial, we investigate if a pharmacist-led intervention can increase adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods Adults with HIV, who have been taking ART for more than 3 months were randomly assigned to receive either a pharmacist-led intervention or their usual care. Measures of adherence were collected at 1) baseline 2) just prior to delivery of intervention and 3) 8 weeks later. The primary outcomes were CD4 cell count and self-reported adherence measured with the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) questionnaire. Results Post-intervention, the intervention group showed a statistically significant increase in CD4 cell counts as compared to the usual care group (p = 0.0054). In addition, adherence improved in the intervention group, with participants being 5.96 times more likely to report having not missed their ...

The role of plants for discovery of therapeutic potential accentuates the need to know their biological attributes. The present study aims to comprehend the biological attributes of Rhus punjabensis, an unexplored traditional medicinal plant. Leaf and stem extracts of R. punjabensis prepared in 11 different organic solvents are evaluated for multimode antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined through colorimetric assays, HPLC-DAD analysis was carried out for quantification of various polyphenols in extracts. Brine shrimp lethality, SRB and MTT assays were used to elucidate plant's cytotoxic and antileishmanial potentials. Disc diffusion assay was used to elucidate the protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal spectrum. Ethanol + ethyl acetate yielded maximum extract recovery from leaf (6.11 ± 1.09% w/w), total phenolic content (80.5 ± 2.18 μg GAE/mg extract) and reducing power potential (165.4 ± 2.29 μg AAE/mg extract). Maximum fl...

Increase in the bacterial resistance to available antibiotics and water contamination by different toxic organic dyes are both severe problems throughout the world. To overcome these concerns, new methodologies including synthesis of nontoxic, human friendly and efficient nanoparticles is required. These nanoparticles not even inhibit the growth of microorganisms but are also effective in the degradation of toxic organics in waste water thus providing a clean and human friendly environment. The use of plants extracts to synthesize and stabilize noble metal nanoparticles have been considered as safe, cost-effective, eco-benign and green approach nowadays. In the present study, Longan fruit juice proficiently reduced ionic gold (Au(+3)) to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as mediated the stabilization of AuNPs. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was carried out against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method, followed by the determination of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. AuNPs were found to have significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC values of 75μg/ml while outstanding MIC values of 50μg/ml against Staphylococcus areous and Basilus subtilus. AuNPs revealed significant photocatalytic degradation (76%) of methylene blue in time period of 55min, indicating the effective photocatalytic property of biosynthesized AuNPs (K=0.29/min, r(2)=0.95). The considerable antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of the photosynthesized AuNPs can be attributed towards their small size, spherical morphology and uniform dispersion. Our finding suggests the possible therapeutic potential of biogenic AuNPs in the development of new antibacterial agents as well as in the development of effective photocatalysts.

In order to assess the potential of carbopol 974P-NF as matrix material in hydrophilic matrix tablets containing a slightly water-soluble drug, ibuprofen (IBF), controlled release matrix tablets of ibuprofen and carbopol 974P-NF, at different drug to polymer ratios, were prepared by the direct compression method. The influence of the concentration of the matrix material (carbopol 974P) and several co-excipients (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and starch) on the release rate of the drug was investigated. An in vitro dissolution test in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer solution showed that drug release from all the formulations containing carbopol 974P was considerably prolonged in concentration-dependent manners. Increasing the amount of carbopol 974P in tablets resulted in a reduction in the drug release rate and a linearization of the drug release curve. When the influence of the co-excipients on the release of the drug was examined, all of the co-excipients used in this study enhanced the release rate of IBF. However, lactose demonstrated slower and more linear release behavior as compared in microcrystalline cellulose or starch. The dissolution T50 and T90 values for the three co-excipients were in the order of lactose > microcrystalline cellulose > starch.

Over recent years, there has been growing evidence that the permeability coefficient variability describing any specific transdermal drug delivery system is not always normally distributed. However, since different researchers have used different test compounds, methodologies and skin types, it has been difficult to identify any general correlation between drug properties and flux variability. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between these two variables. To this end, six different compounds (sucrose, adenosine, aldosterone, corticosterone, oestradiol and testosterone) exhibiting a range of partition coefficients but relatively similar molecular weights were screened by taking multiple replicate measurements of their permeation profiles as they penetrated across porcine skin in vitro. It was found that for relatively hydrophilic solutes (log P(o/w)< or = approximately 2.5), physicochemical properties that facilitated slow transdermal...

The objective of this series of investigation was the synthesis and comparative evaluation of biological and pharmacological activities of some substitutive derivatives of Tranexamic Acid (T.A) and their copper (II) complexes. N-Phthaloyltranexamic Acid (A-1), N-Acetyltranexamic Acid (A-2), Di-Tranexamate Diaquo Copper (II) (C-1) Di-N-Phthaloyltranexamate Diaquo Copper (II) (C-2) and Di-N-Acetyltranexamate Diaquo Copper (II) (C-3) were synthesized, using novel and reproducible procedures. These compounds were characterized by exploiting techniques such as FTIR, Mass Spectroscopy and FT 1H NMR. Bioactivities of the compounds were carried out and it was found that these compounds exhibited excellent anti-tumor, significant analgesic and antifungal activities.

The aim of the present study was the formulation and evaluation of controlled release polymeric tablets of Diclofenac Potassium by wet granulation method for the release rate, release pattern and the mechanism involved in drug release. Formulations having three grades of polymer Ethocel (7P; 7FP, 10P, 10FP, 100P, 100FP) in several drugs to polymer ratios (10:3 and 10:1) were compressed into tablets using wet granulation method. Co-excipients were added to some selected formulations to investigate their enhancement effect on in vitro drug release patterns. In vitro drug release studies were performed using USP Method-1 (Rotating Basket method) and Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was used as a dissolution medium. The similarities and dissimilarities of release profiles of test formulations with reference standard were checked using f2 similarity factor and f1 dissimilarity factor. Mathematical/Kinetic models were employed to determine the release mechanism and drug release kinetics.

Thiomers are the product of the immobilization of sulfhydryl-bearing ligands onto the polymer backbone of a conventional polymer, which results in a significant improvement in mucoadhesion; in situ gelation and efflux inhibition compare with unchanged polymers. Because of thiol groups, thiomers have more reactivity and enhanced protection against oxidation. Since the late 1990s, extensive work has been conducted on these promising polymeric excipients in the pharmaceutical field. This review covers thiomers, their classification and their different properties. Various techniques for the synthesis, purification and characterization of thiomers are described in detail. This review also encompasses their various properties such as mucoadhesion, permeation enhancement, in situ gelation and efflux inhibition, as well as different formulations based on thiomers. In addition to the use of thiomers as multifunctional excipients, this review also encompasses their use as drugs. The synthesis...

The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate controlled release polymeric tablets of Diclofenac Potassium for the release rate, release patterns and the mechanism involved in the release process of the drug. Formulations with different types and grades of Ethyl Cellulose Ether derivatives in several drug-to-polymer ratios (D:P) were compressed into tablets using the direct compression method. In vitro drug release studies were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution medium by using USP Method-1 (Rotating Basket Method). Similarity factor f2 and dissimilarity factor f1 were applied for checking the similarities and dissimilarities of the release profiles of different formulations. For the determination of the release mechanism and drug release kinetics various mathematical/kinetic models were employed. It was found that all of the Ethocel polymers could significantly slow down the drug release rate with Ethocel FP polymers being the most efficient, especiall...

This study presents sustained releasemicroencapsulation of Diltiazem HCL. Its in-vitro dissolution study in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as dissolution medium and in vivo behaviour in animal subjects. The microcapsules were prepared using polymers Ethocel 7P and Ethocel 7FP at two different drug to polymer (D: P) ratios i.e. 1:5 and 1:10 and the effect of concentration was observed on drug release behaviour. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated for different physical characteristics i.e. Bulk density, Tap density, Compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio and Angle of repose. Characterization of the developed microcapsules was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetery and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy while Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed to observe the morphology of the microcapsules. Model dependent and in dependent approaches were used to find out the drug transport mechanism and to compare the drug release profiles with standard formulation respectiv...

The diagnosis of urinary tract pathogens is based on the quantitation of bacteria in the urine. The culture is taken from midstream, clean catch urine specimen. As rule yielding >105 CFU/ml is con-sidered as positive (significant level of organisms).1 Various growth media ...

The need to deliver a therapeutic moiety to the systemic ... Effect Of Ether Derivative Cellulose Polymers On Hydration, Erosion And Release Kinetics Of Diclofenac Sodium Matrix Tablets ... Citation: Muhammad Akhlaq*, Gul Majid Khan , Abdul Wahab, Waqas Rabbani, Abid ...

To prepare and evaluate three novels functionalized polymers (PGA, PGA-co-caprolactone & PGA-co-pentadecalactone) for the development of nanoparticles which were further used in the development of a novel polymeric prodrug using Ibuprofen as a model drug. The Ibuprofen-polymer prodrug was developed by coupling the drug to one of the three prepared polyester polymers via ester linkage. A hydrolytic enzyme was used to prepare two polymer monomers, glycerol and polyvinyl adipate, which are non toxic, ester linked biological monomers. The polymers and their prodrug were characterized using NMR, GPC, UV-spectrophotometer and DSC. In vitro drug release study of Ibuprofen-polymer conjugate was performed in phosphate buffer PH 7.4 using a roller (Stuart STR 1) placed in an incubator (Stuart SI 60) and the temperature was kept constant at 37 ± 1°C. Among the three polymers, glycerol-adipate-co-pentadecalactone was observed to give a burst release following slow release in the medium. These characteristics suggest that these polymers can be successfully used in sustained release drug formulations.

The objectives of this non-interventional descriptive study was to determine the variation in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone along with their ratios, among men having abnormal semen and their possible etiological role in male infertility. The study was carried out in the Reproductive Physiology Department of Public Health Laboratories Division, and National Institute of health (NIH), Islamabad during January 2004 to December 2005. Two hundred fifty married men who had presented with a complaint of infertility and who had an abnormal seminal profile on the basis of their prior semen analysis were included in the study. Subjects were classified as azoospermic (50), oligozoospermic (75), asthenozoospermic (50) and normozoospermic (75). In addition (50) normal male subjects, who were known to have fathered children, were included as controls. LH, FSH and testosterone levels were determined in serum by using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), using state-of-art Elecsys-2010 fully automatic immunology analyzer by Roche Diagnostics (USA). The FSH and LH level indicated inverse/negative correlation to sperm concentration in semen, while decreased testosterone levels were associated with depleted sperm concentration. The findings indicate that not only the altered/disturbed concentrations of gonadotrophins and androgenic hormones are responsible for male sub-fertility but also the disturbances in gonadotrophic: androgenic hormones ratios lead to infertility since these all hormones act synergistically.

Diclofenac sodium (DCL-Na) conventional oral tablets exhibit serious side effects when given for a longer period leading to noncompliance. Controlled release matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium were formulated using simple blending (F-1), solvent evaporation (F-2) and co-precipitation techniques (F-3). Ethocel® Standard 7 FP Premium Polymer (15%) was used as a release controlling agent. Drug release study was conducted in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer solutions as dissolution medium in vitro. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using albino rabbits. Solvent evaporation technique was found to be the best release controlling technique thereby prolonging the release rate up to 24 hours. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized test formulation (F-2) did not show any significant change (p<0.05) in the physicochemical characteristics and release rate when stored for six months. A simple and rapid method was developed for DCL-Na active moiety using HPLC-UV at 276nm. The optimized test tablets (F-2) significantly (p<0.05) exhibited peaks plasma concentration (cmax=237.66±1.98) and extended the peak time (tmax=4.63±0.24). Good in-vitro in vivo correlation was found (R(2)=0.9883) against drug absorption and drug release. The study showed that once-daily controlled release matrix tablets of…

Lysine is an essential, economically important amino acid used as food and feed supplement. It has also some pharmaceutical applications in the formulation of diets with balanced amino acid composition and in amino acid infusions. Chemical, enzymatic and ...

Abstract The present study aimed to isolate Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains from lycoperiscum esculantum (Tomato) galls and investigate in vitro the potential killing activities of various antibiotics. Seven Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains namely WF2, WF7, WF7d, ...

The study was conducted to analyzed plasma/serum of azo-ospermic, oligospermic and asthenospermic men for metabolic, renal and hepatic functions to observe the relationship between fertile and infertile states. Simple and valid tests such as biochemical analysis for sugar (metabolic ...

... Antifungal, Insecticidal, Cytotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity Studies of Binuclear Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of Diclofenac. Auteur(s) / Author(s). MUHAMMAD FARID KHAN ; FAZAL-UR-REHMAN ;GUL MAJID KHAN ; KHAN Inamullah ; IBAD Farooq ; Revue / Journal Title. ...

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate polymeric tablets of Ketoprofen for the release rate, and mechanism. Formulations with different types and grades of Ethyl Cellulose Ether derivatives were prepared in several drug-to-polymer ...

The. Samens (ISSN was-жт is йп Inlemsilkifífjí Joum/jí swvìng the Intimations/ community çf Mffrj/Cfií Scî&i tisis For further information aòciit this &rtfc/e or if you need reprints, piasse contact; Muhammad Farid Khan Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ...

 >38-years extensive Teaching, Research experience with in the Country and abroad in several Western as well as Eastern Countries along with vast experience in the areas of planning & development, project management and academic administration (including experience as Seniormost Dean & as Vice Chancellor).

 >38-years extensive Teaching, Research experience with in the Country and abroad in several Western as well as Eastern Countries along with vast experience in the areas of planning & development, project management and academic administration (including experience as Seniormost Dean & as Vice Chancellor).