Water Soluble Fertilizers

Nondestructive structural analysis of a series of β-d-(1→3, 1→6)-linked glucans (laminaran, curdlan, yeast glucan, scleroglucan, etc.) was performed using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The relative ratios of H-1 at different AGUs provided the information about DPn and DB. The α-, and β-anomeric protons on reducing terminals were assigned at 5.02∼5.03 ppm (J 3.6∼3.7 Hz), and 4.42∼4.43 ppm (J 7.6∼7.9 Hz), respectively, whereas the H-1 protons of internal AGUs and β-(1→6)-branched AGUs appeared at 4.56∼4.59 ppm (J 7.6∼7.8 Hz), and 4.26∼4.28 ppm (J 7.6∼10.6 Hz), respectively, in a mixed solvent of 6:1 Me2SO-d6–D2O at 80°C. In the solvent, the OH peaks were eliminated from the spectra allowing the H-1 protons to appear clearly. In addition, the nonreducing terminal H-1 and H-1 at the AGU next to reducing terminal could be assigned at 4.45∼4.46 ppm (J 7.8∼7.9 Hz), and 4.51∼4.53 ppm (J 7.8 Hz), respectively. The DPn of the laminaran was 33 (polydispersity 1.12) and the DB was 0.07. The number of glucosyl units in the side chain of laminaran is more than one. The DPn and DB of the water-insoluble yeast glucan were 228 and 0.003, respectively. However the DPn of water soluble yeast glucan phosphate and curdlan was changed upon the number of freeze-drying processes and the content of water in the mixed solvent, respectively. And the DB of those were calculated as 0.02 and 0, respectively. The DB of scleroglucan was precisely calculated as 0.33, compared with the previously reported data. The H-1s at different AGUs of the various β-d-(1→3, 1→6)-linked glucans having different DB can be exactly assigned by their chemical shifts in the mixed solvent system. This NMR analysis can be effectively used to determine the DP and DB of polysaccharides in a simple and non-destructive manner.

The present study was carried out during two successive seasons, 2011/2012 and
2012/2013, at the Agricultural Research Station; El-Otouria, Sheehaniya, Doha,
Qatar; to investigate the response of two tomato cultivars (Isabella and Milas) to
biofertilizers and amino acids. Two biofertilizer treatments, rizobacterien at a rate of
2 and 4 liter per feddan and one of amino acid (Delfan) at a rate of 200 ppm, were
used. Chicken manure, at a rate of 10 tons/ feddan, was the control treatment. Results
showed the superiority of Isabella compared to Milas in terms of vegetative growth
and fruit yield. Using Rizobacterien at a rate of 4 liter/feddan plus Delfan (amino
acids) at a rate of 200 ppm increased growth and fruit chemical characters, earliness
and total yield. The average fruit weight per plant was significantly high under
Rizobacteria at a rate of 4 liter/feddan plus Delfan (amino acids) at a rate of 200 ppm.
The lowest vegetative growth, fruit and yield characters were obtained from
Rizobacteria at a rate of 2 liter/feddan. The water productivity results showed that all
treatments led to the increase of fruit yield. Isabella cultivar had higher water
productivity than Milas cultivar. Using of Rizobacterien at a rate of four liter/feddan
also increased the water productivity. The same trend was obtained by using Delfan
at a rate of 200 ppm. Concerning water productivity, Isabella cultivar had higher
water productivity 16.7 and 17.2 kg of tomato fruits per cubic meter of irrigation
water (m
3
)compared with Milas cultivar which produced15.9 and 16.5 kg tomato
fruits per cubic meter of irrigation water for first and second seasons, respectively.
Isabella cultivar plus amino acid (Delfan) gave the highest water productivity 19.1
and 19.7 kg of tomato fruits per m3 water for first and second seasons, respectively
compared the other treatments

Betalains are water-soluble plant pigments that are widely used as food colorants, and have a wide range of desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer properties. They can be produced from various plants, notably beetroot, but betalain products obtained in this way also have some undesirable properties and are difficult to standardize. A potentially attractive alternative is to use hairy root cultures. In the study reported here, we found that betalain extracts obtained from hairy root cultures of the red beetroot B. vulgaris cv. Detroit Dark Red also had higher antioxidant activity than extracts obtained from mature beetroots: six-fold higher 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (90.7% inhibition, EC50 = 0.11 mg, vs 14.2% inhibition, EC50 = 0.70 mg) and 3.28-fold higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (4,100 µM TE/g dry extract, vs 1,250 µM TE/g dry extract). The high antioxidant activity of the hairy root extracts was associated with increased concentrations (more than 20-fold) of total phenolic concomitant compounds, which may have synergistic effects with betalains. The presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin hydrate, and epicatechin were detected in both types of extract, but at different concentrations. Rutin was only present at high concentration (1.096 mg.g−1 dry extract) in betalain extracts from the hairy root cultures, whereas chlorogenic acid was only detected at measurable concentrations in extracts from intact plants.

New results regarding the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble phosphorylated cellulose by reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid in molten urea are presented. The maximal value of DS attained by this method was about 1. By elemental analysis of phosphorous, titration of acidic groups and IR spectra the structure of monobasic cellulose phosphate was demonstrated. The results of elemental analysis are in agreement with those obtained by potentiometric or conductometric titration so that the potentiometric titration is proposed as a convenient and rapid method for the evaluation of the substitution degree. The thermal behavior and the ability to influence the separation of sparingly soluble salts were examined in view of the use of phosphorylated cellulose in the control of biomineralization processes or as additive in the preparation of hydroxyapatite or other inorganic salts by hydrothermal method.

... In recent years, NIR has become popular for process monitoring in many foods (Ha, Koo, & Ok, 1998; Hoving-Bolink et al., 2005; Jiménez Marquez, Molinaíaz, & Pascual Reguera, 2005; Segtnan & Isaksson, 2000; Sollid & Solberg, 1992; Viljoen, Hoffman, & Brand, 2005; Wold & ...

Oil bioremediation is limited by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorous, which are needed by the bacteria and not present in sufficient amounts in hydrocarbons. The supply of these two essential elements as water-soluble salts presents several problems. These include the rapid dilution of the salts in the large volumes of polluted land or water and their utilization by other

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was emulsified in the melt state using hydrophobically modified water soluble polymers (HMWSPs) as surfactants and the flow induced phase inversion (FIPI) emulsification technique. The history of the emulsification and emulsion structure were monitored using a process rheometer and off-line scanning electron microscopy and particle size measurements. It was shown that low molecular weight surfactants

The results from a study regarding wettability alteration (oil-wet to water-wet) in low permeability chalk using water-soluble surfactants are presented. Fourteen different surfactants were tested for spontaneous imbibition into oil-wet chalk cores. Cationic surfactants of the type R–N+(CH3)3 were able to desorb organic carboxylates from the chalk surface in an irreversible way, and 70% of the oil in place was

The phthalonitrile derivative chosen for the synthesis of substituted phthalocyanines [M: 2H, Zn(II), Co(II)] with four chloro and four phenyloxyacetic acid substituents on the periphery is 4-chloro-5-(4-phenyloxyacetic acid)phthalonitrile. The sodium salt of carboxyl substituted ...