Philip James
University of Salford, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Faculty Member
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Research Interests:
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Abstract The manner in which different societies and cultures utilise the natural environment for various activities can be myriad and complex to analyse. Whilst experience and the use of accepted methodologies have taught practitioners... more
Abstract The manner in which different societies and cultures utilise the natural environment for various activities can be myriad and complex to analyse. Whilst experience and the use of accepted methodologies have taught practitioners how to handle many of the issues and controversies linked to the sustainability impacts of proposed initiatives, many of these impacts are more controversial in nature. Systems thinking, based on fuzzy concepts, can provide some initial answers to the question of how to improve communication between heterogeneous groups of stakeholders because it demonstrates a greater respect for the knowledge of communities affected by various regeneration initiatives. Using the 2004 Olympics as a case study, the authors report on the potential applications of fuzzy cognitive mapping as a participatory approach for collecting, analysing and representing information from multiple stakeholders.
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Landscape-scale conservation is a recently derived concept which brings together principles of landscape ecology and biological conservation. The concept has significance in urban regeneration activities where the importance of green open... more
Landscape-scale conservation is a recently derived concept which brings together principles of landscape ecology and biological conservation. The concept has significance in urban regeneration activities where the importance of green open space and green infrastructure are increasingly recognised within the contexts of global climate change, flood management, and the health of those who live and work in urban centres. The
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Combination of issues such as unemployment or low income, bad health, high crime and family disintegration can result in social exclusion and breakdown of local communities, consequently lowering the quality of life of individuals and... more
Combination of issues such as unemployment or low income, bad health, high crime and family disintegration can result in social exclusion and breakdown of local communities, consequently lowering the quality of life of individuals and groups. These phenomena tend to be concentrated in socially excluded areas. This literature review-based paper argues that urban green spaces in socially excluded areas can
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Building on a description of the present situation in Shanghai, a series of ten regionally relevant indicators are identified and described. Using data from 1978-1998, relationships between these economic, social and environmental... more
Building on a description of the present situation in Shanghai, a series of ten regionally relevant indicators are identified and described. Using data from 1978-1998, relationships between these economic, social and environmental indicators are explored using correlation and regression analysis. The analysis indicated that, in Shanghai, conflict between economy and environment existed throughout the research period and the evolution of the city region system seems to lack regularity. The key elements affecting trends in the development of the Shanghai city region are Gross Domestic Product, Total Investment and Urban Living Area per Head. The city region system seemed more sustainable, indicated by an improvement in environmental quality and relative lower investment growth rate, when the annual change rate of Gross Domestic Product was less than 7-8%.
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Efforts have been increasingly invested to improve local health systems' capacities in developing countries. We describe the application of innovative methods based on a social network analysis approach. The findings presented refer... more
Efforts have been increasingly invested to improve local health systems' capacities in developing countries. We describe the application of innovative methods based on a social network analysis approach. The findings presented refer to a study carried out between July 2008 and January 2010 in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Social network analysis methods were applied in five different districts using the software package Ucinet to calculate the various properties of the social network of eye care providers. The study focused on the managerial decisions made by Ghanaian district hospital managers about the governance of the health system. The study showed that the health system in the Brong Ahafo region experienced significant changes specifically after a key shock, the departure of an international organization. Several other actors at different levels of the network disappeared, the positions of nurses and hospital managers changed, creating new relationships and power balan...
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... D. Norman Cheshire and Wirral Ornithological Society, c/o Rowswood, Ridding Lane, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 6PF, UK e-mail: david.norman@physics.org ... & Create two green wedges of woodland... more
... D. Norman Cheshire and Wirral Ornithological Society, c/o Rowswood, Ridding Lane, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 6PF, UK e-mail: david.norman@physics.org ... & Create two green wedges of woodland running from the east and west along the Mersey into Bridgefoot, Warrington. ...
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Disponible chez l'éditeur (délai d'approvisionnement : 10 jours). ... Introduction. The History of Urban Ecology. Section 1 - Ecology in Cities: Man-Made Physical Conditions. Introduction to Section 1. 1.1. Land Use and Surface... more
Disponible chez l'éditeur (délai d'approvisionnement : 10 jours). ... Introduction. The History of Urban Ecology. Section 1 - Ecology in Cities: Man-Made Physical Conditions. Introduction to Section 1. 1.1. Land Use and Surface Cover as Urban Ecological Indicators. 1.2. Urban Climate. 1.3. Urban Soils - Characterization, Pollution and Relevance in Urban Ecosystems. 1.4. Hydrology of Urban Environments. Summary of Section 1. Section 2 - Ecology in Cities: Patterns of Urban Biodiversity. Introduction to Section 2. 2.1. Plant Communities of Urban ...