Creating language-specific teaching methods and materials is one of the essential tasks of the theory of teaching Russian as a second language. The paper describes some of the mechanisms of phonetic interference in Turkish L2 speakers of... more
Creating language-specific teaching methods and materials is one
of the essential tasks of the theory of teaching Russian as a second language. The paper describes some of the mechanisms of phonetic interference in Turkish L2 speakers of Russian. The most common errors in vocalism include: sound substitution of some allophones of Russian vowels; over differentiation of Russian
vowel allophones after palatalized and unpalatalized consonants. In consonantism: underdifferentiation of some Russian palatalized consonants; underdifferentiation of /ʂ/ and /ɕ/. In syllabic structure, addition of a prosthetic vowel to Russian words if a consonant or a consonant cluster appears at the beginning: CCV>CVCV; CCV>VCCV.
of the essential tasks of the theory of teaching Russian as a second language. The paper describes some of the mechanisms of phonetic interference in Turkish L2 speakers of Russian. The most common errors in vocalism include: sound substitution of some allophones of Russian vowels; over differentiation of Russian
vowel allophones after palatalized and unpalatalized consonants. In consonantism: underdifferentiation of some Russian palatalized consonants; underdifferentiation of /ʂ/ and /ɕ/. In syllabic structure, addition of a prosthetic vowel to Russian words if a consonant or a consonant cluster appears at the beginning: CCV>CVCV; CCV>VCCV.
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The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic cultures from the linguistic perspective. The concepts of charisma and charismatic leadershiphave a long tradition of studying in... more
The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic cultures from the linguistic perspective. The concepts of charisma and charismatic leadershiphave a long tradition of studying in sociology, political science and psychology since M.Weber. Charisma can be defined as compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others. Cognates of this Greek word are found in most European languages. The English word leader has been borrowed by many related and non-related languages. The questions we are addressing in this article are: How to translate charisma and leader into Bambara and Persian? What Bambara and Persian words can be translated with the English words charisma and leader? What is the origin of these words in Bambara and Persian? How these words function within the two languages and two cultures? To answer these questions we analyze a wide range of lexicographic and textual sources. We come to a conclusion, that in both languages the vocabularies consist of layers of different origin: Soninke and Manding in Bambara, Iranian and Altaic in Persian, Arabic in both languages. Despite long histories of Islamization both languages, though influenced by Arabic, have kept their core vocabularies in what concerns charisma and leadership
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In New Persian (hereafter NP) there are more than two dozen Arabic borrowings, attested in different dictionaries and partly still using today for the concept of "leader" [8], while most of the words for the same concept in Middle Persian... more
In New Persian (hereafter NP) there are more than two dozen Arabic borrowings, attested in different dictionaries and partly still using today for the concept of "leader" [8], while most of the words for the same concept in Middle Persian (hereafter MP) are of Iranian origin. The present article introduces and examines the lexemes attested in Middle Persian and Arabic with the meaning "leader, leader, commander". The choice of the Middle Persian language is due to the task of showing the features of the public perception of the concept "leader" and its expressions at the linguistic extent in Sassanid Iran, still free from strong Arab influence. On the other hand, the choice of Arabic is due to the fact that it shows the enormous influence that the Arab world had already in the post-Sassanid period on the Iranians' perception of the concept of "leader", and, consequently, the Arabic language itself, in the level of linguistic thought, in the face of Arabic borrowings to denote the concept of "leader" in NP. The Arabic loanwords in NP, used for the concept of "leader", are presented in the authors' previous paper [8], because of which the present examination is limited in the presentation of the denotants of the concept of "leader" only in Sasanian Middle Persian and Arabic. The lexical material of Middle Persian is extracted from the well-known dictionaries of D. N. MacKenzie [18], H. S. Nyberg [21], and D. Durkin-Meisterenst [10], and Arabic from the dictionaries of X. Baranov [3] and E. W. Lane [17]. In addition, Arabic loans in NP are written out from the dictionaries of 'Amīd [1], Mo'īn [19], Dehxodā [9], Steingass [24], Rubinčik [22] etc. Four lexemes of Iranian origin, i.e. parwānag, pēšar, pēšōbāy and sālār, attested in Middle Persian with the meaning of "leader" were subjected to etymological examination. Simultaneously, 26 Arabic words in the same meaning, the majority of which were also borrowed in Persian, are presented.
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On Souleymane Kanté's " Nko Grammar " 0. Linguistic works occupy an important place among the rich written heritage of the Guinean scholar Soulemane Kanté (1922-1987). They include his fundamental " Nko Dictionnary " which contains more... more
On Souleymane Kanté's " Nko Grammar " 0. Linguistic works occupy an important place among the rich written heritage of the Guinean scholar Soulemane Kanté (1922-1987). They include his fundamental " Nko Dictionnary " which contains more than 30,000 entries, several bilingual dictionaries, a series of primers, a three-volume " Nko Grammar " and some other works 1. The three volumes of Kanté's " Nko Grammar " are the same as the 4th, the 5th and the 6th Nko learning books which follow Nko primers and readers. It is considered by the partisans of the Nko cultural movement that a person willing to learn the Nko script has to master all these books in consecutive order. Being thereby rather a teaching book than a scholar research, " Nko Grammar " carries many features typical to this genre. The most marked one is probably the Kanté's tendency to be highly repetitious. This tendency reveals both in each volume taken separately and in " Grammar " as a whole. A collation of the texts of the three volumes of " Nko Grammar " reveals that the text of one of them is repeated in the others practically word-to-word, or, to be more precise, that the texts of the further volumes are enlarged versions of the texts of the previous ones. Each next volume is larger than the preceding one (the first volume contains about forty pages, while the third contains about fifty), but the range of the questions raised remains invariable. The present study is based mainly on the analysis of the first volume, but also involves data from the third volume.
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In the present paper I discuss some issues related to the development of the Manding (Mande family, Niger-Congo) corpus. In the first part of the paper I give a brief survey of the potential text sources for the corpus, emphasize the... more
In the present paper I discuss some issues related to the development of the Manding (Mande family, Niger-Congo) corpus. In the first part of the paper I give a brief survey of the potential text sources for the corpus, emphasize the problems related to their usage and make an attempt to formulate some basic principles of texts selection. In the second part I propose a typology of texts to be used for the metatext markup in the corpus.
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L’article traite de la traduction de Quran en maninka par Souleymane Kantè, le créateur de la tradition écrite du N’ko. Les approches du traducteur sont analysées par rapport à la transmission du vocabulaire coranique : les emprunts, la... more
L’article traite de la traduction de Quran en maninka par Souleymane Kantè, le créateur
de la tradition écrite du N’ko. Les approches du traducteur sont analysées par rapport à la
transmission du vocabulaire coranique : les emprunts, la néologie, la transformation des
mots quotidiens en termes. Quelques particularités syntaxiques de la traduction révélant une
influence de l’original arabe sont détectées. La traduction de la première sourat « Fatiha »
est analysée plus en détail.
de la tradition écrite du N’ko. Les approches du traducteur sont analysées par rapport à la
transmission du vocabulaire coranique : les emprunts, la néologie, la transformation des
mots quotidiens en termes. Quelques particularités syntaxiques de la traduction révélant une
influence de l’original arabe sont détectées. La traduction de la première sourat « Fatiha »
est analysée plus en détail.
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В статье описываются основные механизмы возникновения фонетической интерференции в речи малийцев, говорящих на языке бамана (семья манде) как на родном, и изучающих русский как второй язык.