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Cet article s'interesse a la structure spatiale des caracteristiques du logement en Belgique, a l'echelle communale. Quelques caracteristiques du logement sont d'abord decrites : âge, confort, taille et statut d'occupation... more
Cet article s'interesse a la structure spatiale des caracteristiques du logement en Belgique, a l'echelle communale. Quelques caracteristiques du logement sont d'abord decrites : âge, confort, taille et statut d'occupation des logements. Ensuite, une analyse discriminante permet de comparer la structure spatiale de 1 6 variables se rapportant au logement au niveau d'urbanisation de chaque commune. Une etroite relation entre le logement et le niveau d'urbanisation est ainsi mise en evidence, particulierement dans le cas des agglomerations morphologiques des regions urbaines et des zones en dehors des complexes urbains.
Research Interests: Geography and Humanities
Avec la multiplication de nouvelles sources de donnees a la fois massives, spatialisees, et en temps reel, la connaissance des structures et des dynamiques spatiales en geographie des transports et des mobilites pourrait etre grandement... more
Avec la multiplication de nouvelles sources de donnees a la fois massives, spatialisees, et en temps reel, la connaissance des structures et des dynamiques spatiales en geographie des transports et des mobilites pourrait etre grandement amelioree (ANTONIOU et al., 2011 ; GOODCHILD, 2013). La ou des donnees sont de longue date disponibles a propos des infrastructures ou des offres de transports reguliers (par les airs par exemple), ces nouvelles donnees peuvent lever, au moins en partie, la frustration qui peut etre partagee par les chercheurs s’interessant aux services de transport non-reguliers (DOBRUSZKES, 2012). Parmi ces derniers figurent les circulations de camions assurant des echanges de marchandises par voie routiere. Nous les etudions ici en detournant le systeme de taxation kilometrique des camions en Belgique s’effectuant par GPS embarques, desquels nous obtenons les positions spatio-temporelles de l’ensemble des camions en circulation sur une semaine de novembre 2016. Da...
Research Interests: Humanities, Political Science, Belgium, GPS, Freight, and 7 moreTransport, Big Data, FRET, Freight transportation, Trucks, Belgique, and Poster
La Belgique est souvent déclinée en deux voire trois chiffres : Flandres – (Bruxelles) – Wallonie et devient ainsi une réalité tridimensionnelle largement répandue par les média ou le politique. Ce numéro de Regards économiques vise à... more
La Belgique est souvent déclinée en deux voire trois chiffres : Flandres – (Bruxelles) – Wallonie et devient ainsi une réalité tridimensionnelle largement répandue par les média ou le politique. Ce numéro de Regards économiques vise à montrer que l’opposition Nord-Sud n’est pas aussi simple et immédiate : chaque région possède un territoire au sein duquel se déploient les activités qui y sont entreprises, qu’elles soient de nature sociale, économique ou culturelle. En analysant plus finement les disparités à l’intérieur de chaque territoire, on aboutit à une lecture plus subtile du territoire belge. En mobilisant différentes cartes, la première partie de cet article offre une image simple, mais suggestive, de la structure géographique de l’économie belge. La deuxième partie a pour objectif de présenter les éléments théoriques pouvant expliquer l’image qui se dégage de nos cartes. Dans la dernière partie, nous quittons le terrain purement scientifique pour proposer quelques pistes de...
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Het comfort in de Belgische woningen verbeterde in de periode van 1981 tot 1991. Het aandeel woningen met alle basisvoorzieningen (stromend water, WC met waterspoeling en een badkamer of stortbad) steeg van 71,6% in 1981 tot 85,4% in... more
Het comfort in de Belgische woningen verbeterde in de periode van 1981 tot 1991. Het aandeel woningen met alle basisvoorzieningen (stromend water, WC met waterspoeling en een badkamer of stortbad) steeg van 71,6% in 1981 tot 85,4% in 1991. Anderzijds zijn er nog 600.000 woningen die deze basisvoorzieningen missen. In 1991 bezat 40% van de bevolking zowel centrale verwarming, een keuken, een telefoonaansluiting als een auto - een indicatie van een hoog comfortniveau. Het percentage huishoudens met te weinig woonruimte daalt: er zijn minder kamers in de woningen, maar door een andere bouwstijl werden ze groter. Er bestaan verschillen naargelang de bewoner eigenaar of huurder is. In het algemeen zijn gehuurde woningen minder comfortabel en worden ze bewoond door alleenstaanden, koppels zonder kinderen en jonge gezinnen. Het aantal gezinnen met een inkomen of bestaande uit personen van vreemde afkomst of een laag onderwijsniveau is bij de huurders hoger dan in de groep van de eigenaars....
Research Interests: Humanities and Art
INTERACT is a 2 year (2010-2011) cluster project involving 4 research units: the Spatial Applications Division Leuven (SADL, KU Leuven), the Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE, UCL), the 'Centre d'Etudes... more
INTERACT is a 2 year (2010-2011) cluster project involving 4 research units: the Spatial Applications Division Leuven (SADL, KU Leuven), the Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE, UCL), the 'Centre d'Etudes socio-economiques de la Sante? (SESA, UCL) and the? Department of Transport and Regional Economics? (TRP, UA). The project consists of two parts. First, the integration of results from accessibility-related research projects financed by the Belgian Science Policy in the Science for Sustainable Development Programme (SSD), as a basis to formulate policy recommendations and guidelines. Second, focused analyses on specific locations (railway stations) and specific target groups (elderly people).
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IntroductionMental health issues appear as a growing problem in modern societies and tend to be more frequent in big cities. Where increased evidence exists for positive links between nature and mental health, associations between urban... more
IntroductionMental health issues appear as a growing problem in modern societies and tend to be more frequent in big cities. Where increased evidence exists for positive links between nature and mental health, associations between urban environment characteristics and mental health are still not well understood. These associations are highly complex and require an interdisciplinary and integrated research approach to cover the broad range of mitigating factors. This article presents the study protocol of a project called Nature Impact on Mental Health Distribution that aims to generate a comprehensive understanding of associations between mental health and the urban residential environment.Methods and analysisFollowing a mixed-method approach, this project combines quantitative and qualitative research. In the quantitative part, we analyse among the Brussels urban population associations between the urban residential environment and mental health, taking respondents’ socioeconomic s...
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National audienceWe analyse the emergence of scattered residential development, a key characteristic of sprawl. We analyse a 2D urban economic model with neighbourhood interactions among households (social contacts) and with farmers (who... more
National audienceWe analyse the emergence of scattered residential development, a key characteristic of sprawl. We analyse a 2D urban economic model with neighbourhood interactions among households (social contacts) and with farmers (who produce green amenities). Starting from a cross-shaped road network and CBD, we analytically establish the existence and characteristics of residential leapfrogging that breaks up the compact development of the city. We extend our analysis by numerical experiments based on observed or econometrically estimated parameters. We nd that the shape of built up areas in uences the decision or not to jump over undeveoped land or to stick to the contiguous urban footprint. We show that the shape and size of the neighbourhood where people interact and enjoy green amenities also plays a major role in that decision. We conclude that dependending on the urban contexts and forms, the spatial arrangement and size of the area where households take amenities may constitute a policy lever and the source of innovative anti-sprawl strategies
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... Indeed, researches on mobility issues usually focus on a behavioural analysis of the individual commuter (eg Schwanen, 2002; Craviolini, 2006), or do not go into enough detail to make verifiable determinations of causes and effects of... more
... Indeed, researches on mobility issues usually focus on a behavioural analysis of the individual commuter (eg Schwanen, 2002; Craviolini, 2006), or do not go into enough detail to make verifiable determinations of causes and effects of the action of the companies. ...
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Research Interests: Sociology, Social Sciences, Urban, Belgium, Commerce, and 7 moreShopping, Spatial Behaviour, Nested Logit, European, Belgique, Urbain, and CyberGeo
Il est communément admis que le processus d'extension urbaine peut prendre des formes polycentriques, avec l'apparition de centres secondaires d'emplois en banlieue. L'objectif de cet article est de... more
Il est communément admis que le processus d'extension urbaine peut prendre des formes polycentriques, avec l'apparition de centres secondaires d'emplois en banlieue. L'objectif de cet article est de mesurer ces concentrations et de voir leur évolution dans le temps. Il s'agit ici ...
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This paper studies clusters in the logistics sector. Like traditional cluster research, indicators of concentration to detect co-location of employment are calculated. However, this approach is enhanced by including a quantitative... more
This paper studies clusters in the logistics sector. Like traditional cluster research, indicators of concentration to detect co-location of employment are calculated. However, this approach is enhanced by including a quantitative analysis of the inter-firm relations between logistics companies through the use of a community detection algorithm on a microeconomic dataset of buyer-supplier relations. Combining both results in a typology of logistics clusters. Next to the big clusters characterized by employment concentration and many internal and external relations, spill-over and polycentric clusters are identified. This approach seems promising to detect in future research clusters in other sectors and places
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The renewed interest for sustainable transport in Europe is often labelled as mobility management. With this, major attention goes towards the role of employers in the commuting behaviour of their employees. Indeed, employers can... more
The renewed interest for sustainable transport in Europe is often labelled as mobility management. With this, major attention goes towards the role of employers in the commuting behaviour of their employees. Indeed, employers can encourage a more sustainable commuting by the promotion of alternative modes, like public transport, carpooling and/or cycling, by the designation of an Employee Transport Coordinator, through their location policy, and/or by adapting work schedules and the organisation of telework. An overview of these measures is followed by an analysis of the Belgian situation. The Belgian 2005 questionnaire Home-to-WorkTravel (HTWT) enables us to make an inventory of mobility management in Belgium. The database HTWT contains information on 7460 worksites. Besides having data on modal split, work regimes and accessibility problems, 38 different mobility management measures are checked in the questionnaire. Given that we assume a relationship between accessibility problem...
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Este articulo presenta los primeros resultados de una encuesta sobre la ocupacion de los geografos y las geografas llevada a cabo por el Comite Nacional de Geografia Belga. Dicha encuesta muestra un aumento de la proporcion de hombres... more
Este articulo presenta los primeros resultados de una encuesta sobre la ocupacion de los geografos y las geografas llevada a cabo por el Comite Nacional de Geografia Belga. Dicha encuesta muestra un aumento de la proporcion de hombres entre los estudiantes de geografia y un acentuado incremento de los empleos fuera de la educacion. Junto a los recientes desarrollos en la disciplina, estas tendencias generan nuevas presiones en el curriculo de Geografia.
Since over half a century, Europe has been undergoing periurbanization; this phenomenon is similar to suburbanisation or 'urban sprawl' in the U.S. Hence, for each plot of land, there is competition for land use (agriculture,... more
Since over half a century, Europe has been undergoing periurbanization; this phenomenon is similar to suburbanisation or 'urban sprawl' in the U.S. Hence, for each plot of land, there is competition for land use (agriculture, urbanisation). We here study the effect of urban sprawl on the price of farmland in Belgium. Using a set of very traditional urban economics variables, we show that the determinants of residential prices also explain the spatial variation of farmland. Indeed, the prospect of conversion from agriculture to residential land uses are high in Belgium, which is a densely inhabited country characterized by a tight urban network and where, moreover, land zoning is permissive. Therefore, urban sprawl largely dominates residential choice since over 40 years leading to fragmented landscapes where agriculture coexists with housing. We here use the Capozza & Hesley (1989) model that was recently developed by Plantinga & Miller (2001) and CavailhA©s & Wavresky (2003...
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This paper proposes an empirical analysis of the sensitivity of Discrete Choice Model (DCM) to the size of the spatial units used as choice set (which relates to the well-known Modifiable Areal Unit Problem). Job's location choices in... more
This paper proposes an empirical analysis of the sensitivity of Discrete Choice Model (DCM) to the size of the spatial units used as choice set (which relates to the well-known Modifiable Areal Unit Problem). Job's location choices in Brussels (Belgium) are used as the case study. DCMs are implemented within different Land Use and Transport Interactions (LUTI) models (UrbanSim, ILUTE) to forecast jobs or household location choices. Nevertheless, no studies have assessed their sensitivity to the size of the Basic Spatial Units (BSU) in an urban context. The results show significant differences in parameter estimates between BSUs. Assuming that new jobs are distributed among the study area proportionally to the utility level predicted by the DCM for each BSU (as in a LUTI model), it is also demonstrated that the spatial distribution of these new jobs varies with the size of the BSUs. These findings mean that the scale of the BSU used in the model can influence the output of a LUTI...
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Health research has sufficiently demonstrated that regular physical activity is beneficial for health and lowers medical risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Commuter cycling conveniently combines both the level of activity and... more
Health research has sufficiently demonstrated that regular physical activity is beneficial for health and lowers medical risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Commuter cycling conveniently combines both the level of activity and the frequency neces-sary to improve fitness [1]. A ...
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The goal of this study is to propose a method for determining the limits of the Brussels urban agglomeration. The method is inspired by a review of the criteria used by national statistical institutes in several countries and based on a... more
The goal of this study is to propose a method for determining the limits of the Brussels urban agglomeration. The method is inspired by a review of the criteria used by national statistical institutes in several countries and based on a limited set of simple and easily available statistical indicators. We define the Brussels agglomeration as a group of municipalities
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S-GHOST city is a theoretical simulation model aimed at investigating the spatial patterns of urban growth. A gridded (cellular) 2D space is considered, with a CBD located at a crossroad. Households arrive sequentially in the city and... more
S-GHOST city is a theoretical simulation model aimed at investigating the spatial patterns of urban growth. A gridded (cellular) 2D space is considered, with a CBD located at a crossroad. Households arrive sequentially in the city and choose their location by maximizing a utility function subject to a budget constraint. Households have preference for open-space and for the public goods that are located in their neighbourhood. They bear a cost for commuting to the CBD along the road network. As households migrate into this growing city, agricultural plots are converted to residential use, and the public authorities create a continuous network of roads so as to provide all new households with an access to the CBD. The authorities levy a local tax for compulsory purchasing from landowners the land that is used for roads. Given these simple rules, the city grows according to the individual choice of migrants, leading to a self-organisation of the residential space, the road network and the open-spaces. The range of spatial patterns and network forms that can be obtained from varying the parameters of the model is analysed, as well as the social costs (welfare, total transportation costs) of these anarchic urban developments.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Adolescent, Belgium, Humans, Bicycling, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Data Collection, Active Transportation, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Accident analysis and prevention, Accident analysis, Insurance Companies, Cost of Illness, Cross Sectional Studies, Costs and Cost Analysis, Indirect Cost, and Accidents Traffic
The daily commute is still the main source of traffic congestion. Despite transport research emphasis on commuters, the work end of home to work travel receives less attention. However, employers influence the commute behaviour of... more
The daily commute is still the main source of traffic congestion. Despite transport research emphasis on commuters, the work end of home to work travel receives less attention. However, employers influence the commute behaviour of employees in different ways. The Belgian database Home-to-Work-Traffic (HTWT) contains information on accessibility, work regimes and mobility management initiatives of 7460 worksites of large employers in Belgium. In a spatial multilevel regression model both contextual and worksite factors are incorporated to investigate the share of cycling employees. While controlling for different economic, physical and other factors, the provision of bicycles by the employer seems to be successful, while the effect of bicycle facilities is less clear, partly due to the fact that bicycle facilities are more popular in less cycle-friendly areas. Het dagelijkse pendelverkeer is nog steeds de voornaamste bron van verkeerscongestie. Ondanks de nadruk die transportonderzoe...
The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability of policy evaluation based on Land Use and Transport Interactions models, relative to the choice of the Basic Spatial Units. An UrbanSim (+ MATsim) model applied to Brussels (Belgium) is... more
The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability of policy evaluation based on Land Use and Transport Interactions models, relative to the choice of the Basic Spatial Units. An UrbanSim (+ MATsim) model applied to Brussels (Belgium) is used as the case study. The evolution of the study area over ten years is forecasted for four levels of Basic Spatial Units and five scenarios (business-as-usual and four alternatives). Results show larger variations between Basic Spatial Units levels than across scenarios. These findings are valid for various sustainability indicators and for a simple cost-benefit analysis aiming at ranking the scenarios. The direction of the variations resulting from the implementation of the scenarios remains, however, the same for all Basic Spatial Units levels. Hence, the influence of the scale on policy evaluation based on Land Use and Transport Interactions models appears limited when it is only intended to compare scenarios, but it will have a crucial role w...