Allan Kulikoff
The University of Georgia, History, Faculty Member
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... paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and slaves : ethnicity and the slave trade in colonial South Carolina / Daniel C.Littlefield. p. cm. (Blacks in the New World) Reprint. Originally... more
... paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and slaves : ethnicity and the slave trade in colonial South Carolina / Daniel C.Littlefield. p. cm. (Blacks in the New World) Reprint. Originally ...
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Students of the late Andrew Clark, the well-known historical geographer, have produced much of the important geographical literature on early America published in the past fifteen years. Robert Mitchell's Commercialism and Frontier, a... more
Students of the late Andrew Clark, the well-known historical geographer, have produced much of the important geographical literature on early America published in the past fifteen years. Robert Mitchell's Commercialism and Frontier, a study of settlement patterns and economic development in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, located between the Blue Ridge and Shenandoah mountain chains, is the latest addition to this literature. Mitchell details initial occupation and later migration to this region, land sales over a half-century, population growth, agricultural specialization, and home manufacturing. The impact of the agrarian regimes of Pennsylvania (the home of many of the migrants) and of Tidewater Virginia on the Shenandoah Valley are clearly defined. Mitchell traces the region's development from a sparsely settled frontier characterized by self-sufficient agriculture and local marketing of agricultural surpluses to a commercial agricultural region that sent hemp, flour...
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“Rough music,” according to English historian E. P. Thompson, included “raucous, ear-shattering noise, unpitying laughter, and the mimicking of obscenities.” These were sounds that the ruling class of the Carolina backcountry heard when... more
“Rough music,” according to English historian E. P. Thompson, included “raucous, ear-shattering noise, unpitying laughter, and the mimicking of obscenities.” These were sounds that the ruling class of the Carolina backcountry heard when confronted by their inferiors. This article examines the 18th century diary of a genteel Englishman, Charles Woodmason. At first a planter and merchant, he received Anglican ordination in the 1760s, and, as an itinerant minister, he traveled throughout the region. He heard vile sounds which he interpreted as rough music, often aimed at him. Just as the 18th century English pastoral reflected class antagonisms—the conflicts between landed gentry and rural capitalists—Woodmason’s Carolina counter-pastoral reflected cultural conflicts between backcountry Presbyterian and Baptist farmers and rich lowcountry Anglican gentlemen. Though he borrowed the yen for improvement common in England and tropes of class privilege from English pastorals, he wrote about neither deserted villages nor nostalgic yearning for a lost world of swains and husbandmen. The silence and seeming absence of slaves, along with the savagery of poorer whites, points to Woodmason’s southern identity.
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Bernard Bailyn’s The Barbarous Years—a new history of seventeenth-century European immigration to and settlement of the coastal North American British and Dutch colonies—complements a half-century of innovative work. This work, on the... more
Bernard Bailyn’s The Barbarous Years—a new history of seventeenth-century European immigration to and settlement of the coastal North American British and Dutch colonies—complements a half-century of innovative work. This work, on the political, social, economic, and cultural history of the British colonies and the Revolutionary era, covers an extraordinary range of topics, from seventeenth-century New England merchants to Revolutionary-era ideology, from early education to the American Founders. Often controversial, Bailyn’s work has nonetheless shaped early American history more than any other twentieth-century historian. The opening pages of The Barbarous Years clearly state his dual themes of diversity and barbarism. “A mixed multitude” emigrated “from England, the Netherlands, the German and Italian states, France, Africa, Sweden and Finland,” coming “for different reasons, from different social backgrounds, and cultures, and under different auspices and circumstances” (p. xiv). The English, who predominated, emigrated from every corner of the realm; even New England attracted a diverse population. Settlers and Indians alike behaved barbarously. The experiences of immigrants “were not mainly of triumph but of confusion, failure, violence, and the loss of civility as they sought to normalize abnormal situations . . . , in the process tearing apart the normalities of the people whose world they had invaded” (pp. xiv–xv). Almost never at peace, the European invaders fought bloody and reckless Indian wars and intense (and occasionally murderous) conflicts with one another. After presenting voluminous evidence of barbarity, Bailyn concludes that “conflicts with native Americans had been continuous, barbarous, and degrading for both peoples.” At the same time, “conflicts with authorities, public and private . . . had been continuous and destabilizing—sources of bitter personal disputes and communal disarray” (p. 503).
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This article plumbs the origin and meaning of Benjamin Franklin’s use of the phrase "leather apron man" in his first "Silence Dogood" essay, written in 1722 as a youth of sixteen. Wearing leather aprons had long been a... more
This article plumbs the origin and meaning of Benjamin Franklin’s use of the phrase "leather apron man" in his first "Silence Dogood" essay, written in 1722 as a youth of sixteen. Wearing leather aprons had long been a marker of plebeian craft labor and class hostility: shoemakers and carpenters, as Shakespeare knew, wore leather aprons; gentlemen did not. From a genteel perspective, calling someone a "leather-apron man" constituted an insult. In his Silence Dogood essay, Franklin transformed the meaning of the phrase "leather apron," turning it into a proud badge of honor, marking the virtuous labor of handycraftsmen. Although Franklin supported the aspirations of "leather apron men" his entire life, his working-class identity did not endure; nor did he ever use the phrase again in his known writing.
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... 1 Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), Feb. 2, 1785; Samuel Adams to John Adams, July 2, I785, The Writings of Samuel Adams, ed. Harry Alonzo Cushing, IV (New York, I908), 3I5-3i6. ... Late eighteenth-century Boston was a typical... more
... 1 Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), Feb. 2, 1785; Samuel Adams to John Adams, July 2, I785, The Writings of Samuel Adams, ed. Harry Alonzo Cushing, IV (New York, I908), 3I5-3i6. ... Late eighteenth-century Boston was a typical "consumer city" in Max Weber's phrase. ...
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... For environmental history see Merchant, Ecological Revolutions, and William Cronon, Changes in the Land ... of social networks in A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, i650-1750 ... Withincolonial history, Lois Green Carr,... more
... For environmental history see Merchant, Ecological Revolutions, and William Cronon, Changes in the Land ... of social networks in A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, i650-1750 ... Withincolonial history, Lois Green Carr, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S. Walsh, Robert ...
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... 3 Among the key essays in the debate are Michael Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat: Self-Sufficiency and Exchange in the Rural Economy of the United States," Radical History Review, No. ... For the second see Merrill,... more
... 3 Among the key essays in the debate are Michael Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat: Self-Sufficiency and Exchange in the Rural Economy of the United States," Radical History Review, No. ... For the second see Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat," Rad. Hist. Rev., No. 3 (I977), 42-7I. ...
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The Chesapeake economy failed to grow during the first half of the eighteenth century, but experienced rapid development during the third quarter of the century. Economic stagnation before 1750 resulted from the inability of tobacco... more
The Chesapeake economy failed to grow during the first half of the eighteenth century, but experienced rapid development during the third quarter of the century. Economic stagnation before 1750 resulted from the inability of tobacco planters either to increase productivity or to reduce costs of production, whereas an increase in grain exports and rising amounts of Scottish credit to planters explain growth during the pre-Revolutionary decades. Nonetheless, whites were able to purchase increasing quantities of consumer goods by exploiting the labor of the increasing numbers of black slaves who produced most of the region's tobacco.
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Students of the late Andrew Clark, the well-known historical geographer, have produced much of the important geographical literature on early America published in the past fifteen years. Robert Mitchell's Commercialism and Frontier, a... more
Students of the late Andrew Clark, the well-known historical geographer, have produced much of the important geographical literature on early America published in the past fifteen years. Robert Mitchell's Commercialism and Frontier, a study of settlement patterns and economic development in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, located between the Blue Ridge and Shenandoah mountain chains, is the latest addition to this literature. Mitchell details initial occupation and later migration to this region, land sales over a half-century, population growth, agricultural specialization, and home manufacturing. The impact of the agrarian regimes of Pennsylvania (the home of many of the migrants) and of Tidewater Virginia on the Shenandoah Valley are clearly defined. Mitchell traces the region's development from a sparsely settled frontier characterized by self-sufficient agriculture and local marketing of agricultural surpluses to a commercial agricultural region that sent hemp, flour, and wheat to markets in eastern Virginia and ultimately overseas. This book compares favorably with Harry R. Merrens's Colonial North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in Historical Geography (1964), Richard Colebrook Harris's The Seigneurial System in Early Canada: A Geographical Study (1966), and James T. Lemon's The Best Poor Man's Country: A Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania (1972), other important works published by Clark's students. Like these geographers, Mitchell pays careful attention to spatial and economic detail, uses maps to document his arguments, studies regions rather than communities, and focuses on economic historical geography. Clark's students are archival geographers, often as interested in their empirical findings as in testing hypotheses. Mitchell has fully exploited the records of Shenandoah Valley counties and is one of the few scholars to use systematically the rich loose court papers. But he goes beyond empiricism to test a set of assertions about frontier settlement and agricultural development on the materials he collected.'
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... By ALLAN KULIKOFF ... Finally, members of the Baptist and Methodist congregations challenged the hegemony of the gentry in many parts of Virginia after the middle of the eighteenth century by espousing a set of values that... more
... By ALLAN KULIKOFF ... Finally, members of the Baptist and Methodist congregations challenged the hegemony of the gentry in many parts of Virginia after the middle of the eighteenth century by espousing a set of values that significantly differed from those of the Anglican church ...
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... For environmental history see Merchant, Ecological Revolutions, and William Cronon, Changes in the Land ... of social networks in A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, i650-1750 ... Withincolonial history, Lois Green Carr,... more
... For environmental history see Merchant, Ecological Revolutions, and William Cronon, Changes in the Land ... of social networks in A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, i650-1750 ... Withincolonial history, Lois Green Carr, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S. Walsh, Robert ...
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... By ALLAN KULIKOFF ... Finally, members of the Baptist and Methodist congregations challenged the hegemony of the gentry in many parts of Virginia after the middle of the eighteenth century by espousing a set of values that... more
... By ALLAN KULIKOFF ... Finally, members of the Baptist and Methodist congregations challenged the hegemony of the gentry in many parts of Virginia after the middle of the eighteenth century by espousing a set of values that significantly differed from those of the Anglican church ...
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... 3 Among the key essays in the debate are Michael Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat: Self-Sufficiency and Exchange in the Rural Economy of the United States," Radical History Review, No. ... For the second see Merrill,... more
... 3 Among the key essays in the debate are Michael Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat: Self-Sufficiency and Exchange in the Rural Economy of the United States," Radical History Review, No. ... For the second see Merrill, "Cash Is Good to Eat," Rad. Hist. Rev., No. 3 (I977), 42-7I. ...
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... 1 Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), Feb. 2, 1785; Samuel Adams to John Adams, July 2, I785, The Writings of Samuel Adams, ed. Harry Alonzo Cushing, IV (New York, I908), 3I5-3i6. ... Late eighteenth-century Boston was a typical... more
... 1 Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), Feb. 2, 1785; Samuel Adams to John Adams, July 2, I785, The Writings of Samuel Adams, ed. Harry Alonzo Cushing, IV (New York, I908), 3I5-3i6. ... Late eighteenth-century Boston was a typical "consumer city" in Max Weber's phrase. ...
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... to 8i% of African immigrants entered York and I7 to 20% came to Rappahannock (grouped years I7Io-I7i8, I7i8-I727, I727-I733); I735-I740, 58% York, i8% Rappahannock, I2% Upper James. ... For example, Ayuba (Job) Suleiman was brought to... more
... to 8i% of African immigrants entered York and I7 to 20% came to Rappahannock (grouped years I7Io-I7i8, I7i8-I727, I727-I733); I735-I740, 58% York, i8% Rappahannock, I2% Upper James. ... For example, Ayuba (Job) Suleiman was brought to Maryland's Eastern Shore in I730. ...