- Macedonia
Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes but also for better breeding efficiency. A part of veterinary drugs are used as growth promoters in form of... more
Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes but also for better breeding efficiency. A part of veterinary drugs are used as growth promoters in form of specified compounds or mixtures of compounds. Therefore, among other compounds, steroids and other substances that have similar pharmacological activity are used to improve efficiency of protein conversion. As a result of enhanced protein conversion the growth of animals is faster which lead to earlier slaughter. The aim of this study was to detect levels of β – agonist residues since they are used as additives in the feed. By using ELISA method level of β – agonist was determinate. Total of 49 feed samples were screened for the presence of β–agonist as a part of national monitoring residue plan. The feed samples were collected and delivered by the authorised veterinary inspectors within period of 1 year. The validation process was carried out accordin...
The infl uence of three organic acid, (acetic, lactic and citric acid in diff erent concentrations) were evaluated over two major foodborne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis. For evaluation we used two diff... more
The infl uence of three organic acid, (acetic, lactic and citric acid in diff erent concentrations) were evaluated over two major foodborne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis. For evaluation we used two diff erent laboratory designed models such as, agar gel diff usion test and broth reduction test. The results from agar gel diff usion tests revealed variation of the inhibition zone of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis to three engaged organic acids in concentration 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, 2%. The two tested organisms were most sensitive to lactic acid and slightly less sensitive to citric and acetic acid respectively. Listeria monocytogenes was more sensitive to all three tested organic acids compare to Salmonella enteritidis. Infl uence of above mentioned organic acids in buff ered peptone water broths revealed Listeria monocytogenes reduction in cell number by 4,6 log cfu/mL for 0.04% acetic acid and 3,1 and 2.8 log cfu/mL for lactic acid and ac...
INDI_SHEEP TRADI_CHEESE is a research project under the SEEERA.NET PLUS Call for Joint European Research Projects of the Seventh Framework Programme. The project falls into the topic AgroFood and particularly into the subtopic... more
INDI_SHEEP TRADI_CHEESE is a research project under the SEEERA.NET PLUS Call for Joint European Research Projects of the Seventh Framework Programme. The project falls into the topic AgroFood and particularly into the subtopic “Preservation of indigenous species and traditional food products”. Cheese production represents each geographical area, a fact well recognized via established special labels of origin. Consumers recognize traditional cheeses for their unique quality characteristics, while they ask for certification of their hygiene. The objective of this project is to support the local producers in making safe and certified traditional cheeses from indigenoussheep-breeds milk. This can be achieved (1) through ensuring the supply of milk from indigenous sheep breeds and (2) through ensuring the hygiene and underscoring the qualitative superiority of traditional cheeses. In order to achieve the project objectives, the work plan has been structured as following: there are 4 Rese...
Humans and animals are exposed to aflatoxins by consuming foods contaminated with products of fungal growth. Such exposure is difficult to avoid because fungal growth in foods is not easy to prevent. Even though heavily contaminated food... more
Humans and animals are exposed to aflatoxins by consuming foods contaminated with products of fungal growth. Such exposure is difficult to avoid because fungal growth in foods is not easy to prevent. Even though heavily contaminated food supplies are not distributed at market in developed countries, concern still remains for the possible adverse effects as a consequence of long-term exposure to low levels of aflatoxins in the food supply. Thence the aim of this study was determination of total aflatoxins in dry fruits and nuts. Only products in the open market places such as peanuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, pumpkin seeds and raisins, were analysed. Ninetheen of 30 analysed samples (63.33%) were over the detection limit, whereas 11 of analysed samples (36,6%) were the same limit. The highr then allowed value of aflatoxins concentration was determined only in one sample of walnut (21 µg/kg). Key words: mycotoxins, aflatoxins, contamination, dry fruits and nuts
INDI_SHEEP TRADI_CHEESE is a research project under the SEE-ERA.NET PLUS Call for Joint European Research Projects of the Seventh Framework Programme. The project falls into the topic AgroFood and particularly into the subtopic... more
INDI_SHEEP TRADI_CHEESE is a research project under the SEE-ERA.NET PLUS Call for Joint European Research Projects of the Seventh Framework Programme. The project falls into the topic AgroFood and particularly into the subtopic “Preservation of indigenous species and traditional food products”. Cheese production represents each geographical area, a fact well recognized via established special labels of origin. Consumers recognize traditional cheeses for their unique quality characteristics, while they ask for certification of their hygiene. The objective of this project is to support the local producers in making safe and certified traditional cheeses from indigenoussheep-breeds milk. This can be achieved (1) through ensuring the supply of milk from indigenous sheep breeds and (2) through ensuring the hygiene and underscoring the qualitative superiority of traditional cheeses. In order to achieve the project objectives, the work plan has been structured as following: there are 4 Res...
An analytical method based on immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and quantitative determination with liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection (LC-FD) was used to determine the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in Macedonian wines... more
An analytical method based on immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and quantitative determination with liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection (LC-FD) was used to determine the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in Macedonian wines originated from the most famous, Tikve{, wine producing region. The linearity of the method was checked, and a good coefficient of correlation (0.9976) was found, over wide concentration range of 0,1 to 60 ng/ml. The limit of detection and quantification were 0,043 ng/ml and 0,131 ng/ml, respectively. The accuracy of the method was determined with spiked OTA free samples at the concentration levels of 0.1 ng/ml and 1.0 ng/ml. The recoveries for red wine were found to be 100,66% and 106,83 %, for the proposed spiking levels. The recoveries for white wine were satisfactory (98,50% and 93,31%) too, in the same spiking levels. RSD values for both, red and white wine samples, for the proposed concentration level was satisfactory, in the rang of 7,13% to 1...
lntroduction. ln recent years, consumers have shown an increasing interest in quality, safety nutrition, health aspects and the labeling of food products. The position of milk products on the market is maintained and improved by... more
lntroduction. ln recent years, consumers have shown an increasing interest in quality, safety nutrition, health aspects and the labeling of food products. The position of milk products on the market is maintained and improved by innovations. On the market there is a competition between traditional higher-fat milk products and products containing cheaper fats of plant origin. Unfortunately, this type of competition sometimes is compounded with an attempt of irresponsible manufacturer who, in an attempt to reduce costs or gain a competitive edge, may substitute some or all of the milk fat in a dairy product with less costly vegetable ht. Material and methods. The 25 samples of milks were taken from border inspection during the regular testing of milk quality and safety in the Laboratory for food quality control in Macedonia. The fatty acids were identified using their standards (Sigma, Aldrich). Extraclion of fat was performed using 25% ammonia, 95% ethyl alcohol and hexane. Fatty aci...
INTRODUCTION Radionuclides, regardless if they are natural or produced, with the process of migration enter the soil and water and through these, in the products of plant and animal origin and contribute for the total radiation strain in... more
INTRODUCTION Radionuclides, regardless if they are natural or produced, with the process of migration enter the soil and water and through these, in the products of plant and animal origin and contribute for the total radiation strain in people. The content of radionuclides in the bio-indicator connections provides an insight in the extent of radioactive contamination of the given ecosystem. For these needs, most commonly used plant types are moss, fungi and lichens [1,2]. After the Chernobyl accident in 1986, there was a significant increase of the concentration of 137 Cs and 90 Sr in many European countries, thus a need arose for research of these plants and their functioning as biological indicators of the radioactive pollution [3]. Mushrooms are particularly interesting type for examination because they absorb mineral substances, thus they cannot avoid contamination. Due to the specific construction, they represent a trap for the contaminants [4]. The contamination of mushrooms ...
It is essential from the public health point of view, that the Macedonian regulatory agencies implement a monitoring surveillance program that not only uses preliminary screening methods for the determination of clenbuterol, but also uses... more
It is essential from the public health point of view, that the Macedonian regulatory agencies implement a monitoring surveillance program that not only uses preliminary screening methods for the determination of clenbuterol, but also uses confirmatory methods such as MS techniques. Thus, the aim of this work was to monitor the presence of clenbuterol residues in bovine meat muscle collected from the veterinarian inspectors, using screening and confirmatory methods. From 55 bovine meat samples analyzed by the ELISA test, 1 (1.8%) of presented clenbuterol residues was 1.19 µg/kg, 7 (12.7%) from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/kg, 13 (23.64%) from 0.1 to 0.5 µg/kg and 34 (61.82%) were below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µg/kg. In this study, from twenty one meat samples analyzed by GC-MS only one sample was confirmed positive for clenbuterol. The obtained results indicated that clenbuterol was still illegally used as a bovine growth promoter. Introduction Clenbuterol is used in human and veterinar...
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A total of 497 raw milk samples collected at individual farms and collection tanks for milk from eight regions from Macedonia were examined for chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, quinolones and tetracyclines from October 2008 until April... more
A total of 497 raw milk samples collected at individual farms and collection tanks for milk from eight regions from Macedonia were examined for chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, quinolones and tetracyclines from October 2008 until April 2011. Immunoassay methods were used for the determination of chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and quinolones, and high performance liquid chromatography with Diode Array detection was applied for screening of tetracyclines. The methods were validated according to the recommendations laid down by European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The obtained data confi rmed that the methods were appropriate for detection of antibiotics determined, at the concentration level of interest. Measured range of concentrations (in μg/kg) was 13.5-147.9 for sulfonamides, 0.6-22.0 for quinolones and 17.4-149.1 for tetracyclines, with calculated mean values (in μg/ kg) 24.7 for sulfonamides, 12.6 for qinolones and 41.9 for tetracyclines. None of the analyzed samples showed pr...