A. Vedernikov

The JET Growth Motion module for sounding rockets was developed by Swedish Space Corporation. It was developed for a Jet Growth Motion in Aerosols microgravity experiment performed by Universite Libre Bruxelles, Belgium. The JET module was able to study the JET growth motion effect for the first time. The JET growth motion is an effect due to the interaction of the particles in an aerosol and the molecules in the surrounding gas. The system is able to inject 1000 particles from individual compartments into a reactor chamber and distribute them in the reactor chamber. A video and image analysing system keeps track of each particle individually and calculates the velocity vector for each particle in the three dimensional space. The reactor chamber is kept at a temperature of 100°C with a maximum gradient of 0.05°C. The JET experiment was launched successfully on the Swedish microgravity rocket MASER 8 from Esrange 15 May 1999.

.Thermophoretic experiments in aerosol carried out in microgravity conditions during parabolic flights and in the Bremen drop tower, allowed us to extract useful additional information from the Brownian motion of particles, i.e. estimation of the particles size. We achieved a good agreement between particle radii obtained from SEM measurements, and those calculated from the three-dimensional trajectories provided by the holographic microscope. Following this approach, it is possible to find the particle radius related to each observed trajectory and, as a consequence, to a particular estimation of a required parameter (velocity, external force). Not only does it increases the reliability and accuracy of aerosol experiment results, but it should also make the evaluations easier and less time-consuming

ABSTRACT The work presents the results of an experimental campaign performed at the Drop Tower Facility (Bremen) in microgravity conditions, concerning the scavenging process of an evaporating single droplet in stationary conditions. In the experimental conditions the thermo- and diffusiophoretic forces are the only ones that can determine the scavenging of the aerosol. The research is finalized to help solve the open question concerning the contribution of thermo- and diffusiophoretic forces in aerosol scavenging process due to cloud droplets. Although earlier theoretical and experimental papers have addressed this problem, the results are contradictory and inconclusive. As phoretic forces depend on aerosol diameter and water vapour pressure gradient, experiments were performed by changing the aerosol diameter (range 0.4 μm–2 μm) and the water vapour gradient. The experimental results show a prevalence of the diffusiophoretic over thermophoretic force, for the considered aerosol. The measured values of the particle velocities due to phoretic forces increase with increasing aerosol diameter and vapour pressure gradient.

ABSTRACT Not all water from coal or metal mines is acidic. Circum-neutral or alkaline mine drainage may be due to: (i) a low content of sulphide minerals; (ii) the presence of monosulphides rather than pyrite or marcasite; (iii) a large pyrite grain-size limiting oxidation rate; (iv) neutralization of acid by carbonate or basic silicate minerals; (v) engineering factors (introduction of lime dust for explosion prevention; cement or rock flour during construction works); (vi) neutralization of acid by naturally highly alkaline groundwaters; (vii) circulating water not coming into effective contact with sulphide minerals; and (viii) oxygen not coming into direct contact with sulphide minerals or influent water being highly reducing.

Groundwaters, river and lake waters have been sampled from the semi-arid Siberian Republic of Khakassia. Despite the relatively sparse data set, from a diversity of hydrological environments, clear salinity-related trends emerge that indicate the main hydrochemical evolutionary processes active in the region. Furthermore, the major ion chemistry of the evolution of groundwater baseflow, via rivers, to terminal saline lake water,