François-Xavier Chauviere
Lyon III University - Jean Moulin, History, Faculty Member
This volume contains nine papers given at the 15th UISPP congress which examine the exploitation of animal resources in Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe and the economic and cultural choices involved. Case studies are from... more
This volume contains nine papers given at the 15th UISPP congress which examine the exploitation of animal resources in Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe and the economic and cultural choices involved. Case studies are from Aurignacian sites (French Pyrenees and northeastern France), Gravettian sites (Swabian Jura and Moravia), Magdalenian sites (Massif Central, southwestern France, Spanish and French Pyrenees), Epigravettian sites (southern Italy), and Sauvetterian sites (southern French Massif Central). 154p b/w figs (BAR 2040, Hedges 2009)
International audiencehttps://techniqcak.hypotheses.org/421
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International audienceFrom a regionalized Solutrean substratum, the evolving trajectories of the contemporary Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) societies in southwestern Europe remains controversial. While in the Aquitaine Basin it is for a long... more
International audienceFrom a regionalized Solutrean substratum, the evolving trajectories of the contemporary Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) societies in southwestern Europe remains controversial. While in the Aquitaine Basin it is for a long time accepted that Badegoulian technical traditions succeeds the Upper Solutrean ones around 23 ky cal. BP, two coexisting and contradictory models are proposed in the Iberian Peninsula. Whereas ones suggested that Badegoulian industries develops at the same time as France, defining a kind of “globalization” phenomenon, the others defend the classical hypothesis of a maintaining of the Solutrean traditions until about 20 ky cal. BP, implying the existence of a cultural mosaic from the Parisian Basin to the Algarve.In any case, beyond the issue of typo-technological definition and cultural attribution of the LGM assemblages in the Iberian Peninsula, several elements classically indicate that southwestern France was related to Cantabrian Spain during this time frame, notably through (1) the typo-technological and chronological framework of the Pyrenean Upper Solutrean considered similar to the Vasco-Cantabrian one (i. e. same tool-kits and comparable young 14C ages up to 20 ky cal. BP) and (2) the large geographic spread of specific Badegoulian osseous objects as decorated antler pieces using “pseudo-excise” technique at least from Dordogne to Asturias around 21 ky cal. BP.Works led in southwestern France as part of the “SaM” project have recently focused on these two specific points since they were essentially based on arguable data from old excavations and/or problematic archaeostratigraphic contexts. The interdisciplinary reassessment of Les Harpons rockshelter well known for its concave base point-yielding Upper Solutrean level and the Badegoulian sequence of Pégourié cave characterized by the presence of “pseudo-excise” technique, allows us to reconsider the issue of the LGM cultural mosaic. By testing the homogeneity of this two assemblages through a critical assessment of the lithic and osseous equipments (including inter-layers refitting) and by renewing the radiometric framework by direct dating of several characteristic antler/bone waste products, these studies confirm: 1) a same age for the end of Upper Solutrean between Aquitaine Basin and Pyrenees; 2) the existence of raclette-yielding Badegoulian in the Pyrenees area since 23 ky cal. BP and 3) the Badegoulian age of “pseudo-excise” technique at Pégourié despite the strong cultural heterogeneity of the assemblage. Beyond a regional interest these results shed new light on the southwestern Europe cultural geography during the LGM, allowing us to indirectly discuss the Iberian Badegoulian hypothesis
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International audienceFrom a regionalized Solutrean substratum, the evolving trajectories of the contemporary Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) societies in southwestern Europe remains controversial. While in the Aquitaine Basin it is for a long... more
International audienceFrom a regionalized Solutrean substratum, the evolving trajectories of the contemporary Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) societies in southwestern Europe remains controversial. While in the Aquitaine Basin it is for a long time accepted that Badegoulian technical traditions succeeds the Upper Solutrean ones around 23 ky cal. BP, two coexisting and contradictory models are proposed in the Iberian Peninsula. Whereas ones suggested that Badegoulian industries develops at the same time as France, defining a kind of “globalization” phenomenon, the others defend the classical hypothesis of a maintaining of the Solutrean traditions until about 20 ky cal. BP, implying the existence of a cultural mosaic from the Parisian Basin to the Algarve.In any case, beyond the issue of typo-technological definition and cultural attribution of the LGM assemblages in the Iberian Peninsula, several elements classically indicate that southwestern France was related to Cantabrian Spain during this time frame, notably through (1) the typo-technological and chronological framework of the Pyrenean Upper Solutrean considered similar to the Vasco-Cantabrian one (i. e. same tool-kits and comparable young 14C ages up to 20 ky cal. BP) and (2) the large geographic spread of specific Badegoulian osseous objects as decorated antler pieces using “pseudo-excise” technique at least from Dordogne to Asturias around 21 ky cal. BP.Works led in southwestern France as part of the “SaM” project have recently focused on these two specific points since they were essentially based on arguable data from old excavations and/or problematic archaeostratigraphic contexts. The interdisciplinary reassessment of Les Harpons rockshelter well known for its concave base point-yielding Upper Solutrean level and the Badegoulian sequence of Pégourié cave characterized by the presence of “pseudo-excise” technique, allows us to reconsider the issue of the LGM cultural mosaic. By testing the homogeneity of this two assemblages through a critical assessment of the lithic and osseous equipments (including inter-layers refitting) and by renewing the radiometric framework by direct dating of several characteristic antler/bone waste products, these studies confirm: 1) a same age for the end of Upper Solutrean between Aquitaine Basin and Pyrenees; 2) the existence of raclette-yielding Badegoulian in the Pyrenees area since 23 ky cal. BP and 3) the Badegoulian age of “pseudo-excise” technique at Pégourié despite the strong cultural heterogeneity of the assemblage. Beyond a regional interest these results shed new light on the southwestern Europe cultural geography during the LGM, allowing us to indirectly discuss the Iberian Badegoulian hypothesis
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Magdalenian osseous projectile points have the highest morpho-technical diversity in terms of size, technical design and hafting systems of all European Upper Paleolithic systems. A few years ago, some of these points, based on... more
Magdalenian osseous projectile points have the highest morpho-technical diversity in terms of size, technical design and hafting systems of all European Upper Paleolithic systems. A few years ago, some of these points, based on morphological and metrical criteria, were designated as ‘points with a shortened base’ (or “with a shrunken base”, “nibbled”, “stemmed”, “unworked”, or “flaked and broken”), and interpreted as a distinct projectile point type. Recent technological and functional analyses of these “points with a shortened base”, however, have enabled us to replace them within their chaine operatoire and reclassify them as pointed waste-products. The only common feature of these artefacts is their specific segmentation, which occurs in different phases of the production sequence (blank extraction, shaping and recycling), and corresponds to objectives attained through the use of various techniques, tools and actions. This same stigmata is observed on other artefact types (baguettes demi-rondes), not all of which are hunting implements (pierced batons and needles). In this chapter, the variability of these pointed waste-products is described and the real quantitative proportions of ‘true’ projectile points in Magdalenian assemblages and the European Upper Paleolithic is outlined.
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International audienceIn Southwest Europe the Solutrean-to-Magdalenian transition is a key phase to discuss the mechanisms of cultural changes and their relation to both external and internal factors. While old-established deep... more
International audienceIn Southwest Europe the Solutrean-to-Magdalenian transition is a key phase to discuss the mechanisms of cultural changes and their relation to both external and internal factors. While old-established deep typo-technological changes are documented at the end of the Solutrean in present-day France—through the definition of the “Badegoulian” traditions—, in the Iberian Peninsula some interpretative models allow one to compare this transition to a progressive process of “desolutreanization” leading directly to the Magdalenian. While these changes and their spatio-temporal variability could hypothetically be linked to (1) population movements and changes, (2) climatic/environmental shifts and variability and/or (3) socio-economic stimulus, a critical reading shows that their recognition is partially based on non taphonomically-controlled assemblages, an incomplete coverage of the archaeological record and a misuse of (old) radiometric data.Researches led between 20...
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International audienceIn Southwest Europe the Solutrean-to-Magdalenian transition is a key phase to discuss the mechanisms of cultural changes and their relation to both external and internal factors. While old-established deep... more
International audienceIn Southwest Europe the Solutrean-to-Magdalenian transition is a key phase to discuss the mechanisms of cultural changes and their relation to both external and internal factors. While old-established deep typo-technological changes are documented at the end of the Solutrean in present-day France—through the definition of the “Badegoulian” traditions—, in the Iberian Peninsula some interpretative models allow one to compare this transition to a progressive process of “desolutreanization” leading directly to the Magdalenian. While these changes and their spatio-temporal variability could hypothetically be linked to (1) population movements and changes, (2) climatic/environmental shifts and variability and/or (3) socio-economic stimulus, a critical reading shows that their recognition is partially based on non taphonomically-controlled assemblages, an incomplete coverage of the archaeological record and a misuse of (old) radiometric data.Researches led between 20...
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A l’aube du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG), de profondes modifications des systemes techniques vont survenir, traduites en France par la succession des techno-complexes solutreen et badegoulien. Nos travaux tentent d’aborder ces... more
A l’aube du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG), de profondes modifications des systemes techniques vont survenir, traduites en France par la succession des techno-complexes solutreen et badegoulien. Nos travaux tentent d’aborder ces changements de maniere systemique en tenant notamment compte de l’ensemble des registres techniques lithique et osseux. Notre demarche, fondee sur une dialectique techno-economique visant a evaluer la nature des liens existant entre productions a vocation domestique et cynegetique, nous amene a discuter et comparer les strategies mises en oeuvre par ces groupes pour en degager les grandes tendances evolutives. Une fois traduits en termes techno- et socio-economiques, les equilibres mis en evidence sont discutes au regard des changements documentes dans le registre symbolique, renforcant la portee culturelle des transformations a l’oeuvre. Notre reflexion, portee par l’analyse critique de plusieurs sequences stratigraphiques du sud-ouest francais et le renou...
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A l’aube du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG), de profondes modifications des systemes techniques vont survenir, traduites en France par la succession des techno-complexes solutreen et badegoulien. Nos travaux tentent d’aborder ces... more
A l’aube du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG), de profondes modifications des systemes techniques vont survenir, traduites en France par la succession des techno-complexes solutreen et badegoulien. Nos travaux tentent d’aborder ces changements de maniere systemique en tenant notamment compte de l’ensemble des registres techniques lithique et osseux. Notre demarche, fondee sur une dialectique techno-economique visant a evaluer la nature des liens existant entre productions a vocation domestique et cynegetique, nous amene a discuter et comparer les strategies mises en oeuvre par ces groupes pour en degager les grandes tendances evolutives. Une fois traduits en termes techno- et socio-economiques, les equilibres mis en evidence sont discutes au regard des changements documentes dans le registre symbolique, renforcant la portee culturelle des transformations a l’oeuvre. Notre reflexion, portee par l’analyse critique de plusieurs sequences stratigraphiques du sud-ouest francais et le renou...