Jacques Saury
Université de Nantes, UFR-STAPS, Faculty Member
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This study analyzes interaction within four distinct dyads, each made up of a physical education teacher/instructor (in the role as pedagogical advisor/trainer) and a student teacher. The interactions took place during post-observation... more
This study analyzes interaction within four distinct dyads, each made up of a physical education teacher/instructor (in the role as pedagogical advisor/trainer) and a student teacher. The interactions took place during post-observation counseling sessions. They are analyzed as “situated” collective action” within the theoretical framework known in France as “cours d’action” (“action in progress” or “action underway” (cours d’action). Three types of data were collected: video recordings of lessons taught by the student teacher; video recordings of post-observation interviews; and verbal reports of individual self-confrontation. The results show that in the course of the interviews, the interaction between the advisors and the trainees builds on numerous and fluctuating identity references, thus making it possible to identify certain forms of relational “discordance” and “dysfunctioning” within the relationship. The discussion highlights paradoxes and dilemmas within and between the study’s participants
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Krause Stéphane, Saury Jacques. Planification et improvisation dans l'activité experte en compétition de funboard. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°34, 2003. Expertise et sport de haut niveau. pp. 301-305
This study deals with an old and very widespread “educational format”: class dialogues. The class activities of a geography class in primary school were analyzed at two levels: individual and collective. The concerns and feelings that... more
This study deals with an old and very widespread “educational format”: class dialogues. The class activities of a geography class in primary school were analyzed at two levels: individual and collective. The concerns and feelings that direct the teacher’s and students’ individual activities are first described. Then from the set of questions, answers and assessments, some structures articulating individual activities are isolated. They allow to model the class dialogue and highlight its stability and feasibility. We assume that those characteristics contribute to explaining its permanence and vitality.
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Cette recherche visait à analyser les modalités d’intervention et les dispositions à agir de deux enseignant⋅e⋅s d’éducation physique et sportive expert⋅e⋅s pour favoriser l’engagement de leurs élèves dans les activités d’apprentissage.... more
Cette recherche visait à analyser les modalités d’intervention et les dispositions à agir de deux enseignant⋅e⋅s d’éducation physique et sportive expert⋅e⋅s pour favoriser l’engagement de leurs élèves dans les activités d’apprentissage. Conformément à une approche située, nous avons : (a) filmé Sophie, face à une classe de collégien⋅ne⋅s en grande difficulté d’apprentissage, et Pierre, face à une classe de lycéen⋅ne⋅s plutôt scolaires, lors de la première séquence d’enseignement de l’année ; (b) réalisé des entretiens d’autoconfrontation avec elle et lui après chaque leçon. Tandis que Sophie avait recours aux métaphores, Pierre faisait différents usages du temps pour favoriser l’engagement de ses élèves. Ces modalités d’intervention peuvent être comprises au regard des dispositions à agir contrastées des enseignant⋅e⋅s, qui permettent de restaurer l’influence des expériences passées dans l’analyse de leur activité.
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Saury Jacques. L'entretien d'auto-confrontation comme aide à la performance sportive : un exemple de l'optimisation de la collaboration à bord en voile olympique. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°34, 2003. Expertise et sport... more
Saury Jacques. L'entretien d'auto-confrontation comme aide à la performance sportive : un exemple de l'optimisation de la collaboration à bord en voile olympique. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°34, 2003. Expertise et sport de haut niveau. pp. 87-91
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This study investigated team coordination in basketball using the course-of-action theoretical framework. The focus was on how the players were connected with their... more
This study investigated team coordination in basketball using the course-of-action theoretical framework. The focus was on how the players were connected with their teammates' activities. The activity of five French basketball players (17.60 ± .89 years) was studied during an official match. The data were collected and processed according to a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis. The results were used
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Chemero's concept of sensorimotor empathy offers a relevant introduction to the study of human/non-human relationships. This article proposes an empirical characterization of this phenomenon occurring in human–horse interactions... more
Chemero's concept of sensorimotor empathy offers a relevant introduction to the study of human/non-human relationships. This article proposes an empirical characterization of this phenomenon occurring in human–horse interactions through the notion of 'contact', which is a core concept in the technical tradition of the equestrian world. According to the assumptions of 4E cognition, we approach the notion of contact with a broader meaning than how it is usually defined, i.e.as the connection of the rider's hand with the horse's mouth. We state that contact involves the whole body and that it is not a passive touch but a dynamic one. Contact is intersubjective, meaning that its quality depends on the two agents of the interaction: the human and the horse. Within such an interaction, sensorimotor empathy allows the human and the horse to understand through the body and to fine-tune with each other to bring about 'good contact'.
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Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has questioned this principle of automaticity by emphasizing the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying... more
Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has questioned this principle of automaticity by emphasizing the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying athletes’ unfolding activity. Yet empirical documentation and analysis of athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness are associated with epistemological discussion and methodological challenges. In the present paper, we present the course-of-experience framework as a means of studying elite athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness in the unfolding activity of performance optimization. We carried out a synthetic presentation of the ontological and epistemological foundation of the course-of-experience framework, rooted in an enactive approach of human cognition. Then we illustrated the methodology associated with this framework by an in-depth analysis of two elite windsurfing riders’ courses of experience. The analysis of global and local characteristi...
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Les innovations technologiques participent aux evolutions de la culture technique des disciplines sportives. Le domaine de la voile sportive offre actuellement une opportunite pour etudier le developpement d’une culture technique liee a... more
Les innovations technologiques participent aux evolutions de la culture technique des disciplines sportives. Le domaine de la voile sportive offre actuellement une opportunite pour etudier le developpement d’une culture technique liee a la diffusion d’une innovation materielle : les « foils », permettant aux voiliers de voler au-dessus de l’eau. La presente etude visait a : (a) apprehender la nature et la structure des connaissances de pratiquants et praticiens pionniers de la navigation volante, en relation avec la question de la gestion et du controle de la stabilite de vol, et (b) a apprehender le developpement d’une culture technique propre a la navigation volante. Nous avons realise des entretiens de partage d’experience avec douze participants reconnus pour leur implication dans la pratique ou l’encadrement de la voile volante. L’analyse a consiste en l’identification d’experiences types associees a la reconnaissance et au controle de la stabilite de vol, ainsi qu’a la categor...
Research Interests: Art and Political Science
A current trend in sailing sports is the use of boats equipped with hydrofoils, allowing the boats to "fly" over the water surface. In this situation, the handling of the boat requires fine coordination between the crew members... more
A current trend in sailing sports is the use of boats equipped with hydrofoils, allowing the boats to "fly" over the water surface. In this situation, the handling of the boat requires fine coordination between the crew members to maintain the precarious flight. The purpose of this case study was to analyze the crew activity on a flying multihull and explore the role of the shared sport equipment in the emergence of coordination between crew members. Data were collected during a training session with a crew of expert sailors. A joint analysis of phenomenological and mechanical data was conducted. The aim of the analysis was to categorize the forms of interactions between crew members, boat and environment. Results showed that collective coordination in the studied situation involves six forms of interaction that are associated with stable, unstable or critical states of the flight. Consequently, we discussed the role played by the crew members, the behavior of the boat and...
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Cette etude avait pour objectif de caracteriser un ensemble de relations qui se tissent entre les emotions et les cognitions dans les Cours d’experience des eleves en Education Physique. L’analyse de l’activite des eleves en contexte... more
Cette etude avait pour objectif de caracteriser un ensemble de relations qui se tissent entre les emotions et les cognitions dans les Cours d’experience des eleves en Education Physique. L’analyse de l’activite des eleves en contexte ecologique, selon le modele analytique empirique du programme de recherche du Cours d’action (Theureau, 2006), revele que les vecus emotionnels constituent des embryons de connaissances et sont a la base d’engagements typiques qui peuvent evoluer en fonction des interpretations des eleves. Nous illustrons ces phenomenes par la description et la comparaison de la microgenese de deux « episodes emotionnels » dans l’activite d’eleves au cours d’une sequence d’escalade. Ces resultats apportent un eclairage susceptible de guider l’intervention de l’enseignant en Education Physique, et a l’ecole en general.
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Cet article propose d’explorer d’autres voies que celles des conceptions théoriques dominantes de la compétence. À cette fin, nous commençons par délimiter le « challenge conceptuel » que représente la tenue des postulats de l’énaction... more
Cet article propose d’explorer d’autres voies que celles des conceptions théoriques dominantes de la compétence. À cette fin, nous commençons par délimiter le « challenge conceptuel » que représente la tenue des postulats de l’énaction dans la description du développement des compétences. Puis, à la suite d’une étude empirique menée auprès de lycéens au cours d’une séquence d’éducation physique (Terré, 2015), le développement des compétences est analysé à partir de l’expérience des élèves. Des hypothèses explicatives sont proposées pour esquisser les contours d’une conception énactive du développement des compétences dont la caractéristique majeure est de considérer l’ancrage du développement des compétences – et conjointement de la pérennité des connaissances – dans des histoires. C’est en s’engageant dans des histoires que les actions et les interprétations des élèves prennent une épaisseur temporelle et qu’ils construisent des « dispositions à agir » constitutives de compétences....
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L'objectif de cette rubrique Autour des mots intitulee, les approches situees de l'action : quelques outils est de proposer des definitions concernant plusieurs termes tels que : arena et setting, artefact et cognitif, cadre,... more
L'objectif de cette rubrique Autour des mots intitulee, les approches situees de l'action : quelques outils est de proposer des definitions concernant plusieurs termes tels que : arena et setting, artefact et cognitif, cadre, couplage structurel, cours d'action/cours d'experience, plan-ressource/plan-programme, signe hexadine, structure archetype, types, prototypes, typicalite, typification.
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... Nous pourrions en effet considérer que cette modalité de construction a mis en jeu un cas extrême de ... la balle » en mobilisant plusieurs connaissances : « Il est très rare de ne pas toucher la balle en ... Le pivot* est un coup... more
... Nous pourrions en effet considérer que cette modalité de construction a mis en jeu un cas extrême de ... la balle » en mobilisant plusieurs connaissances : « Il est très rare de ne pas toucher la balle en ... Le pivot* est un coup efficace de mon jeu : je suis capable de jouer vite et de ...
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International audienceThis study investigated team coordination in basketball using the course-of-action theoretical framework. The focus was on how the players were connected with their teammates' activities. The activity of five... more
International audienceThis study investigated team coordination in basketball using the course-of-action theoretical framework. The focus was on how the players were connected with their teammates' activities. The activity of five French basketball players (17.60 ± .89 years) was studied during an official match. The data were collected and processed according to a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis. The results were used to characterize the coordination modes among players and the team coordination network that was built. The processes that underlie team coordination are discussed (i.e., mutuality and awareness), and some directions for practical applications are addressed
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The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of combining two types of analysis to investigate sports performance with the aim of optimizing it. These two types of analysis correspond to two levels of athletes’ activity: (a) their... more
The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of combining two types of analysis to investigate sports performance with the aim of optimizing it. These two types of analysis correspond to two levels of athletes’ activity: (a) their experiences during performance and (b) the biomechanical characteristics of their movements. Rowing served as an illustration, and the activity of one female crew member was studied during a race. Three types of data were collected: (a) audiovisual data recorded during the race; (b) verbalization data obtained in interviews conducted afterward; and (c) biomechanical data. The courses of experience of the two rowers during the race were reconstructed on the basis of the audiovisual and verbalization data. This paper presents a detailed analysis of a single phenomenon of the race experienced by one of the rowers. According to the coaches, it reflected a dysfunction in crew coordination. The aim of this analysis was to identify the biomechanical chara...
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This article describes the main features of a collaborative project involving researchers, coaches, and elite table tennis players. The project was carried out between 1997 and 2002 with funding from the French Ministry of Youth and... more
This article describes the main features of a collaborative project involving researchers, coaches, and elite table tennis players. The project was carried out between 1997 and 2002 with funding from the French Ministry of Youth and Sports, in response to a request by French Table Tennis Team coaches to improve the training of table tennis players. Matches were videotaped during international meets and followed by interviews during which the players described and commented on their activity as they viewed the tapes. A grounded theory of players’ activity emerged from the data collected and the ensuing theoretical issues that were raised. The findings on table tennis players’ activity pointed to a new direction for training proposals, for example the organization of reflexive practices during training.
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The purpose of this study was to understand how a single pair of expert individual rowers experienced their crew functioning in natural conditions when asked to practice a joint movement for the first time. To fulfill this objective, we... more
The purpose of this study was to understand how a single pair of expert individual rowers experienced their crew functioning in natural conditions when asked to practice a joint movement for the first time. To fulfill this objective, we conducted a field study of interpersonal coordination that combined phenomenological and mechanical data from a coxless pair activity, to analyze the dynamics of the (inter)subjective experience compared with the dynamics of the team coordination. Using an enactivist approach to social couplings, these heterogeneous data were combined to explore the salience (and accuracy) of individuals' shared experiences of their joint action. First, we determined how each rower experienced the continuous crew functioning states (e.g., feelings of the boat's glide). Second, the phenomenological data helped us to build several categories of oar strokes (i.e., cycles), experienced by the rowers as either detrimentally or effectively performed strokes. Third,...