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G.-H. Bousquet (1900-1978), né d’une famille partagée entre la Hollande (et l’Indonésie) et la France, élève de C. Colson (Sciences politiques (Bousquet, 1960, p. 11) fut un des derniers disciples de Pareto. Ses ouvrages devaient... more
G.-H. Bousquet (1900-1978), né d’une famille partagée entre la Hollande (et l’Indonésie) et la France, élève de C. Colson (Sciences politiques (Bousquet, 1960, p. 11) fut un des derniers disciples de Pareto. Ses ouvrages devaient d’ailleurs avec ceux d’Antonelli et de Pirou être parmi les premiers à faire une place à l’enseignement de l’École de Lausanne dans l’Université française et à saisir la portée de la théorie de l’équilibre général. Son grand’œuvre publié à partir de 1930 auquel il do..
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Many economists have for a long time searched regularities in the movements of the economic activity. They tried to describe, to explain, to forecast and also to find some basis for economic policies. In a first-part, the major types of... more
Many economists have for a long time searched regularities in the movements of the economic activity. They tried to describe, to explain, to forecast and also to find some basis for economic policies. In a first-part, the major types of business cycles are presented altogether with exogen causes. Then, the article describes how the economist have integrated the causes of business cycles in a general framework of economic activity.
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The article presents an overview of the overeducation in the labor market. Before the effective birth of the economics of education, the debate was concerned over the proletarianization of the learned professions. The following period saw... more
The article presents an overview of the overeducation in the labor market. Before the effective birth of the economics of education, the debate was concerned over the proletarianization of the learned professions. The following period saw the elaboration of the fully-formed concept within the economics of education. We survey the reasons for the initial reluctance of the new discipline to deal with the problem and highlights the seminal works that gave the concept its canonical definition.
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In the 20th century, economic planning has begun during the First World War, with the creation of a Ministry of Production under the responsibility of Clementel. He drafted a Plan aiming to organize exchanges, to harmonize interests, to... more
In the 20th century, economic planning has begun during the First World War, with the creation of a Ministry of Production under the responsibility of Clementel. He drafted a Plan aiming to organize exchanges, to harmonize interests, to improve techniques. After the 1929 krach, the impetus towards planning increased dramatically and remained overwhelming while France underwent several changes of regimes. Eventually a Plan Commission responsible for defining the economic planning of the country, particularly through Five Year Plans was implemented by General Charles de Gaulle in 1946. During the early 1960s many people in France and outside came to believe they had found in this French invention the perfect compromise, that is, a system which gave the presumed benefits of overall central planning without sacrificing either the advantages of the de-centralization of investment and production decisions, market mechanisms and competition. With the hindsight performances of the French economy were not so outstanding but for an illusion, the « modele social francais » fare not too badly across the 20th century crises… but there is no guarantee it can survives.
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The article examines the place of equality in the utilitarian approach of Edgeworth. Section I describes the determination of the utilitarian point. It restitutes to Edgeworth the criteria of optimization wrongly called after Pareto.... more
The article examines the place of equality in the utilitarian approach of Edgeworth. Section I describes the determination of the utilitarian point. It restitutes to Edgeworth the criteria of optimization wrongly called after Pareto. Section II compares the principle of equality with the utilitarian principle. Section III scrutinizes the compensation of women labor and questions the anti-feminism of Edgeworth. The conclusion readdresses the question of the appropriate distribution of the benefits and the costs of the social cooperation after Edgeworth.
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This volume underlines how, over the time span of two centuries, economic thought interacted with cycles in a continuous renewal of theories and rethinking of policies, whilst economic actions embedded themselves into past economic... more
This volume underlines how, over the time span of two centuries, economic thought interacted with cycles in a continuous renewal of theories and rethinking of policies, whilst economic actions embedded themselves into past economic thought. It argues that studying crises and periods of growth in different European countries will help
to understand how different national, political and cultural traditions influenced the complex interaction of economic cycles and economic theorizing. This is alongside a comprehensive outlook on the most relevant advances of economic theory in France, Germany and Italy, as well as coverage of non-European countries, such as the United
States.
to understand how different national, political and cultural traditions influenced the complex interaction of economic cycles and economic theorizing. This is alongside a comprehensive outlook on the most relevant advances of economic theory in France, Germany and Italy, as well as coverage of non-European countries, such as the United
States.