Carlos Laliena

Análisis de los aspectos generales de los sistemas de trabajo rurales en las sociedades bajomedievales hispanas. Revisión fechada en 1995, que recoge la bibliografía anterior.
Analysis of the general aspects of rural labor systems in late medieval Hispanic societies. Revision dated 1995, which includes the previous bibliography.

The remains of 20 individuals buried in three different pantheons, putatively pertaining to the medieval Royal House of Aragon, were analysed for their isotope (14C, 13C and 15N) measurements. The radiocarbon dates and stable isotope data contributed to identifying individual members and, combined with additional osteological and taphonomic information, as well as documentary evidence, provided a fuller picture of the diets and life histories of particular people. This group comprised the first members of a royal dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Aragon before the Spanish Crown was established, and that played a significant role in the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim control, this being of paramount importance in the Spanish and European history.

El artículo analiza el movimiento comercial entre Aragón y el sur de Francia a mediados del siglo XV a partir de los registros aduaneros aragoneses y de la documentación notarial de Olorón (Béarn), lo que permite comprender mejor la interacción económica entre ambas vertientes del Pirineo a finales de la Edad Media.

This paper examines the land distribution systems in the Ebro Valley after the Christian conquest, i.e. between 1080 and 1160. It deals with the allocation of huge amounts of land plundered from the Muslims, carried out by a small group of nobles acting as representatives of the king and based on certain cultural principles. These criteria are explained in relation with the individual and collective distributions made in favour of nobles, churches and peasants. The precedents in 11th century Aragonese society and the procedures are analysed. The organised distributions and the transformations of the settlement are studied. In the conclusions, the importance of documentation and the methodology for interpreting it is stressed, as well as the importance of archaeology in solving some of the problems of the transformation of Andalusian agrarian spaces after the feudal conquest.
Este artículo examina los sistemas de reparto de tierras en el Valle del Ebro después de la conquista cristiana, es decir, entre 1090 y 1160. Se trata de la asignación de ingentes cantidades de tierras expoliadas a los musulmanes, realizadas por un reducido grupo de nobles que actuaban como representantes del rey y basadas en ciertos principios de naturaleza cultural. Se explican esos criterios en las distribuciones individuales y colectivas, realizadas en favor de nobles, iglesias y campesinos. Se analizan los precedentes en la sociedad aragonesa del siglo XI y los procedimientos. Se estudian los repartos organizados y las transformaciones del poblamiento. En las conclusiones, se insiste en la importancia de la documentación y la metodología para interpretarla, así como en la trascendencia de la arqueología para resolver algunos problemas de la transformación de los espacios agrarios andalusíes tras la conquista feudal

[English] Between 1080 and 1120, the conquest of the Ebro Valley in the north-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula brought about a real social mutation. On the one hand, the previous Andalusian society was annihilated. The Muslim population that did not flee or was expelled was concentrated in a few counties and specific localities. The settlement system changed: numerous new towns were created and many of the rural Islamic villages were depopulated. The vacuum was filled by immigrants, to whom land was distributed. Feudal honours multiplied. The Church was reorganised in the form of new bishoprics. Cities changed radically in shape and population. This meant extensive social change. The grouped and fortified habitat (with castles) became the norm. The new social organisation of space was articulated around manors. Finally, the feudal state was definitively consolidated.
[Spanish] Entre 1080 y 1120 la conquista del Valle del Ebro en la región nororiental de la Península Ibérica produjo una auténtica mutación social. Por una parte, la sociedad andalusí precedente fue aniquilada. La población musulmana que no huyó o fue expulsada se concentró en algunas comarcas y algunas localidades concretas. El sistema de poblamiento cambió: se crearon numerosas villas nuevas y se despoblaron muchas de las aldeas rurales islámicas. El vacío fue cubierto por inmigrantes, a los que se repartieron tierras. Se multiplicaron los honores feudales. La Iglesia se reorganizó bajo la forma de nuevos obispados. Las ciudades cambiaron radicalmente de forma y de población. Esto significó un amplio cambio social. El hábitat agrupado y fortificado (con castillos) se convirtió en la norma. La nueva organización social del espacio se articuló alrededor de los señoríos. Finalmente, el estado feudal se consolidó definitivamente.

Ceramics have been essential in the domestic sphere and their production has undergone in the preindustrial era technological and cultural changes whose importance is obvious. This paper is to show in a very concise way how the production of European glazed ceramics underwent three phases of intense transformation of useful knowledge related to its production, with a successive accumulation leading to increasingly efficient results and a higher level of productivity. Moreover, it can be safely stated that, without this accumulation, the great progress of the 19th century in this area would have been impossible.

The aim of this paper is to verify that in economies prior to the 18th century and from the Middle Ages onwards, there was a significant increase in the application of knowledge in the goods produced and a development of both technological and organizational innovation, i.e. «useful knowledge». It is also a question of verifying the effect of cultures, institutions and power structures on the generation of knowledge, its diffusion and its technological and productive use. In conclusion, the reduction of risk and the increase of productivity were aspects linked to the "knowledge economy" also in the pre-industrial era.

En la década de 1440, la Diputación del reino de Aragón construyó un palacio en Zaragoza, destinado a dotar de un elemento de prestigio político y simbólico a la nueva institución. La Diputación era un organismo que aspiraba a representar al cuerpo político del reino y para ello emprendió un proyecto arquitectónico excepcional, desaparecido durante la Guerra de Independencia. En este artículo se examina el proceso de construcción y los contenidos simbólicos del edificio.
During the 1440s, the Diputación of the Kingdom of Aragon built a palace in Saragossa, intended to provide the new institution with an element of political and symbolic prestige. The Diputación was a organisation that aspired to represent the body politic of the kingdom and for this purpose it undertook an exceptional architectural project, which disappeared during the War of Independence (1809). This article examines the construction process and the symbolic contents of the building.

rief study on the first century of existence of the monastery of Santa María de Sigena (Aragon), a royal foundation from the end of the 12th century. It was destined to be an important focus of royal power in the Crown of Aragon in its symbolic dimension. During this period it was a large monastery governed by a dense and meticulous rule. This study is part of an edition of its Aragonese version. Breve estudio sobre el primer siglo de la existencia del monasterio de Santa María de Sigena (Aragón), una fundación real del final del siglo XII. Estaba destinada a ser un importante foco del poder real en la Corona de Aragón en su dimensión simbólica. En este periodo fue un gran monasterio regido por una densa y minuciosa regla. Este estudio es parte de una edición de la versión en aragonés de esta regla.

Resumen. Este artículo examina una de las medidas adoptadas por Pedro III de Aragón en la última parte de su reinado, cuando ordenó incautar los bienes de los cargos eclesiásticos que quedasen vacantes. Después de situar en su contexto esta decisión, se analiza uno de los casos en los que el rey se apropió de las rentas eclesiásticas, el breve periodo en que estuvo sin cubrir el cargo de abad de Montearagón (agosto-septiembre de 1284). Las cuentas de los bailes locales permiten observar esta apropiación y la transferencia de una parte importante de los ingresos abaciales en favor de algunos nobles para pagarles los gastos y soldadas de su participación en el asedio de Albarracín en esas fechas. Estas cuentas informan, además, sobre las características del gobierno de la Corona de Aragón en estos años y, en particular, sobre el sistema contable y financiero que sostenía el Estado. Palabras clave: Pedro III de Aragón; rentas eclesiásticas; bailías; abadía de Montearagón. [en] Desperate measures. Finantial crisis, apropiation of ecclesiastical revenues and State building during the reing of the king Pedro the Great of Aragon (1276-1285)
Abstract. This article examines one of the measures adopted by Pedro III of Aragon in the latter part of his reign, when he ordered the seizure of the assets of ecclesiastical offices that became vacant. After setting this decision in context, we analyse one of the cases in which the king appropriated ecclesiastical revenues, the brief period when the post of abbot of Montearagón was unfilled (August-September 1284). The accounts of the local bailiwicks show this appropriation and the transfer of a significant part of the abbot's income to certain nobles to pay them for their participation in the siege of Albarracín at that time. These accounts also provide information on the characteristics of the government of the Crown of Aragon in these years and, in particular, on the accounting and financial system that sustained the state.

Los aprendices han sido considerados tradicionalmente como jóvenes pobres que trabajaban a cambio de su formación y manutención. El análisis de los contratos de aprendizaje de Zaragoza (Aragón) en la Baja Edad Media permite comprobar que los aprendices negociaban y que los contratos no son tan uniformes como se piensa habitualmente. Los aprendices desarrollaban estrategias individuales para mejorar sus condiciones de trabajo.
Se presenta la primera página, en la que figuran las indicaciones para su descarga libre en http://books.openedition.org

This paper explains the scientific trajectory of the CEMA Research Group (Centro de Estudios Medievales de Aragón) of the University of Zaragoza from 2002 to the present. It is a dynamic group, funded by the Government of Aragon and by national research projects, which has tackled problems of social history (especially of the urban elites), the economic history of Aragon in the Mediterranean economies as a whole and, finally, the history of the formation of the state structures of both the Kingdom of Aragon and the Crown of Aragon in the late Middle Ages.

From the 11th century, in Aragon, land sales were confirmed with a meal attended by the buyers, sellers, witnesses and other persons called expressly to be present at the act. These were simple meals, with basic foodstuffs –bread, wine, cheese, meat, fish– but plentiful, which were probably intended to sanction the transfer of ownership within the community and, with it, the rights to participate in the communal goods.

En las Cortes aragonesas de los veinte años posteriores al acceso al trono de Fernando I (1412) se presentaron peticiones de restitución de los bienes expoliados a la facción nobiliaria que apoyaba al conde de Urgell, en particular la familia Luna, con escaso éxito

This article examines the social dynamics of the central Pre-Pyrenees region during the 11th century. It describes the characteristics of village settlement and its expansion, the organisation of local power and its relations with the royal authority, the development of a monastery (San Urbez de Nocito) and the social changes resulting by economic and demographic growth.

El artículo estudia una feroz sublevación antiseñorial que tuvo lugar durante los años 1440 en Maella, en el Bajo Aragón, un importante señorío que había sido durante siglos patrimonio de la orden de Calatrava y que fue intercambiado con un noble laico cercano a Alfonso V, Francisco de Ariño. Cuando su hijo, Manuel de Ariño, quiso alterar las condiciones del señorío, los vasallos se resistieron y el enfrentamiento desembocó en una lucha armada. A través de las apelaciones a la justicia y a las Cortes, el conflicto se convirtió en un acontecimiento importante a escala de todo el reino de Aragón en los años centrales del siglo XV.

An accounting record of the bishop of Huesca, Guillem Pons de Fenollet, shows the evolution of the domain of the bishops of this city, the total volume of their income and the origin. It also allows studying the ordinary and extraordinary expenses of this bishop's house, in addition to the composition of his armed and domestic service.

The article deals with two of the myths that organize the simbolic space between the nobility and the State in the kingdoms of Aragon and Navarre during the 13th century. It is a critical moment, in which the old structures of "feudality" no longer support the increasing bureaucratization of royal power, its ability to transmute the king's charisma into money and the progressive autonomy of the state power apparatuses. It deals with the myths that, in a conventional way, we can call "the Fueros de Sobrarbe" (Navarra) and "the Bell of Huesca", (Aragon). The central problem is the ideological tension between the two possible legitimacies: the authority of the king and the consensus of the aristocrats.

This paper proposes an analysis of two lordships of Alto Aragón (Tormos and Sesa), in possession of the bishop of Huesca, from accounting records of the 13th century. These accounts allow to study the seigneurial agrarian lands (around 100 has. in both cases), with types of cultivation, equipment, work systems, yields, workers, wages, income and expenses. In addition, it is possible to study the income of the manor: tithes, first fruits, markets, mills and furnaces, justice and notaries. With all this, it is possible to draw an economic balance of these two manors in the period of medieval expansion.

This paper examines the chronology of cereal shortages in Navarra and Aragon between 1280 and 1340. In these regions, population growth continues until the middle of the 14th century, as is generally the case in Mediterranean Europe. Unlike the mountainous regions of Navarra, with a difficult situation at this time, the Ebro valley is an area of great grain production. The cereal problems that begin in the early fourteenth century are the result of the development of urban markets in the Crown of Aragon and the Mediterranean basin. Demand and the lack of elasticity in the markets cause critical situations. The explanation for price tensions is commercial rather than demographic in nature.

El artículo desarrolla algunos temas relacionados con la propiedad de la tierra en la periferia urbana de la ciudad de Huesca (Aragón), durante la primera mitad del siglo XV: en concreto, las relaciones entre la propiedad y la caída demográfica, el trabajo a jornal, el arrendamiento de las posesiones eclesiásticas y las rentas agrarias. Complementa y desarrolla el artículo "Propiedad de la tierra...", Argensola, 102 (1989), pp. 133-180

El artículo trata sobre la propiedad de la tierra, el mercado de la tierra, la configuración de las explotaciones agrarias, la renta de la tierra y los contratos agrarios vigentes en la periferia de la ciudad de Huesca (Aragón) durante el segundo cuarto del siglo XV, a partir principalmente de los registros notariales conservados.

This paper studies the characteristics of Islamic fortifications in the Ebro Valley and its relationship with irrigated areas. Try to establish the morphology of the castles, their relationship with the peasant villages and with the infrastructure of the muslim State through the large rural districts in this region. This article starts from the archaeological surveys carried out at the Alcañiz el Viejo site (Alcañiz, province of Teruel).

Frontier and feudal conquest are two concepts that are utilized enough, especially by anglophone historians, to describe the cultural and social evolution in the zones of contact with the Islam. This article intends to explore this perspective since a specific point of view, the local analysis. For it, we study the evolution in a locality close to Zaragoza, Tauste, since the moment in which begins the feudal pressure to its conquest, underlining the creation of the local customs and the ecclesiastical organization, like factors of normalization of the social processes.

This paper analyzes the manufacture of footwear in Huesca (Aragón) during the 12th and 13th centuries. It studies the multiplication of shoemakers in the city, the forms of sociability, the brotherhood (cofradia) and, above all, the strategies to avoid competition in the local market.

This paper examines the transformations in the social occupation of the space of the Ebro's Valley after the Christian conquest (12th century). The first example shows the fragmentation of Bilsid-Warsa's Islamic district, which corresponds to the basin of the river Aguasvivas. The second one shows the disintegration of the district of Wadi l-Lawh, organized about the river Guadalope. The installation of big seigneurial castles is the central element in this process, accompanied by the creation of big rural villages, the formation of parishes, the development of tithes and the lordship, with their incomes.

The article describes the system of medieval irrigation of the plain that surrounds the city of Huesca. It indicates his Muslim origins and the transformations of the XIIth-XVth centuries. It explains too the procedures for distribution of the water and the impact in the agrarian production of the city.

This paper analyzes the first informations of the existence of licenses for the cereal export of Corona de Aragon towards the south of France and the Mediterranean. The prohibition to export cereal dictated by Jaime I in 1257 caused that the merchants involved in this type of commerce obtained real permissions in order to be able to continue with its activity. This circumstance informs us into the existence of this movement of an essential product in a period previous to that we knew. It is also examined the group of merchants and nobles that participate in this commerce.

This paper examines an important set of documents preserved in the Cartularies of la Seo of Zaragoza, concerning a noble of Alagon (Aragón, Spain), dating from 1117 and 1158. This texts allow us to analyze the nobiliary social networks formed in the Ebro’s Valley at the time of the christian conquest. These networks, in part, traced those that existed in the area of the Pyrenees from which came the nobles as Íñigo Galíndez. In the second part, we analyze the structure of the possessions of this noble. Finally, the donation of property to the Cathedral (la Seo) of Zaragoza, in 1157, facilitates understanding how the social connections bet- ween members of the gentry and these religious institutions rule.

In contemporary Western societies, who are going through a neo-romantic stage, the Crusades have led to an immense literature and a remarkable popularity. In the scientific field, this phenomenon has encouraged the debate on the ideological and cultural issues surrounding Crusade. Since that in the Iberian Peninsula had developed fights between Muslims and Christians before 1096, it is inevitable that historians have wondered about the influence of the reconquest in the origins of the crusading movement. In this paper, we critized the widespread view among anglophone historians, according to which secular piety and spirituality were instrumental in the development of the First Crusade, and struggles carried out in the Iberian Peninsula did not influence in the extraordinary adhesion of the European nobles to this issue. In addition, other concepts that may help to explain the intensity of the response, such as " aristocratic networks, " and at the same time help to understand the weight of the Hispanic experience in this movement.

In contemporary Western societies, who are going through a neo-romantic stage, the Crusades have led to an immense literature and a remarkable popularity. In the scientific field, this phenomenon has encouraged the debate on the ideological and cultural issues surrounding Crusade. Since that in the Iberian Peninsula had developed fights between Muslims and Christians before 1096, it is inevitable that historians have wondered about the influence of the reconquest in the origins of the crusading movement. In this paper, we critized the widespread view among Anglo-Saxon historians, according to which secular piety and spirituality were instrumental in the development of the First Crusade, and struggles carried out in the Iberian Peninsula did not influence in the extraordinary adhesion of the European nobles to this issue. In addition, other concepts that may help to explain the intensity of the response, such as " aristocratic networks, " and at the same time help to understand the weight of the Hispanic experience in this movement.

Great medieval expansion, between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, was characterized by a strong development of clustered settlement. This article tries to make an overall assessment of the problem (updated to 2000, year of publication of this contribution), taking into account the contributions of archaeologists much as historians. It analyzes the most important historiographical traditions dedicated to this problem. First, the archeology of lost villages in England; secondly, the Italian incastellamento and controversies that caused; the study of the morphology of settlements, characteristic of work of historians in southern France; and finally, the diverse perspectives of historians in Spain. In the conclusions, the problems are systematically organized : the shape of the settlement and the power structure; settlement and lords ; settlement and the feudal State.

This article examines the historiography of the conquest of the Ebro valley in the twelfth century and studies the social transformations that occurred at this time. Specifically, the distribution of land among the conquerors; the changes in the islamic settlement; the emergence of clustered villages; the arrival of immigrants; the making of a feudal agrarian civilization and the implementation of new system of seigneurial rent.

This partial analysis of women's involvement in the management of Navarra and Aragon royal dynasty in the eleventh century will focus on three main topics : memory transmitted through women from a very significant symptom, the proper names; intergenerational partnership of women in the royal family; and the consecration of a female monastery to safeguard the specific traditions of the lineage refounded by Ramiro I ( 1035-1063 ), Santa Cruz de la Serós (Huesca, Aragón).

This paper examines the social mobility of urban elites (excluding the nobility) of the cities of the Crown of Aragon and South of France from the perspective of access to the local political power. From the mid-thirteenth century, cities established complex electoral systems to redistribute power and deal with the internal problems of the exercise of a collective power and representation of the social body. These regimes are examined in a comparative way, which allows to observe the relationship between them, based on a common culture and a strong spread of institutional innovations. This review emphasizes that the momentum of the elections for urban magistrates from the need of elites formed since the late s. XII to consolidate its power (c. 1250-1280), to establish a social consensus to broaden the scope of political participation in the context of the emergence of state taxation (c. 1280- 1320) and the emergence of corporations trade (c. 1290 1340). The extension of the body politic involved in municipal institutions shows these phenomena of social mobility.

This paper summarizes some of the findings of Anthroponymy and Society Project developed in the 1990s , especially the problems of immigration and cultural change, in relation to two different groups: the European immigrants designated as "francos" and Muslims that remained within the Christian society after the conquest or "mudéjares". In the first case, the immigrants held for two or three generations a special anthroponymic model with first names characteristics of other European regions and surnames composed with place-names or trade names. In the second, the mudejares simplified their anthroponymic model, eliminating much of the complexity of the Arab name system. Often Christians resorted to derogatory nicknames to name the Mudejars, establishing social distinction.

Conclusions of the symposium " Villa 4", coordinated by Philippe Senac, including three aspects. The first is the shift in the historiography of a-Andalus, which insists on the centrality of the Umayyad state power and reduces the importance of peripheral powers. The second is the existence of a debate on the possibilities of archeology to deliver decisive results for the history of al- Andalus. The third is the need to introduce the concept of "social change" in the analysis developed by historians and archaeologists , too attached to the explanation of the change only from the institutional point of view.

This paper examines the partnership established between the dukes of Aquitaine and the kings of Navarre (until 1035) and Aragon (after) since the early eleventh century. Place the beginning of this relationship in the meeting held in 1016 in Saint Jean d' Angely on the occasion of the alleged discovery of the relic of the head of John the Baptist. The article assesses the continuity traces of this partnership through the veneration of the relic in regions of the Iberian Peninsula placed under the control of Sancho the Great of Navarre. It also analyzes the relationships between the bishopric of Roda and the metropolitan see of Bordeaux, as part of that alliance. At the same time, Sancho the Great established contact with Cluny, with the same purpose: to approach the great centers of European power. The last part of the article is dedicated to the development of these partnerships.

This paper studies the 1035 document by which Sancho III the Great gives his son Ramiro the Aragonese territory. Ramiro offers fidelity to his elder brother Garcia, future king of Navarra. The analysis is done from the perspective of the typical feudal conventions of Catalan area and stresses that this is an example of this type of agreements that were made orally in Aragon

Prosopographic research on the Southern French, Anglo-Norman and Champagnois nobles who were in the service of Alfonso I of Aragon between 1116 and 1134. Emphasizes kinship and allegiance that bound these nobles, especially around Gaston de Bearn and Rotrou Perche. At the same time, it notes the structural changes that occurred in the Aragonese nobility during this period

The history of the ( Re)conquest has traditionally been presented as a succession of events without a clear protagonists, except the kings who led the war effort. This article attempts to break this perspective to emphasize that the overwhelming violence that was necessary to end the Taifa states and disintegrating societies of al-Andalus was work of concrete social agents, individuals and institutions that grouped people, with specific strategies. It is taken as an example to the viscounts of Ager, the lineage of Arnau Mir de Tost (1013-1072), whose heirs fought for a long century against Islam in all hispanic scenarios, especially Pons Guerau de Cabrera in Castilla- León during the reign of Alfonso VII. The anti-islamic war was a central factor in building the identity of this aristocratic family and in his prominence in the power hierarchy of 11th and 12th centuries.

Edición de un excepcional cartulario del monasterio de San Andrés de Fanlo situado en el reino de Aragón, que arroja luz sobre las características de la sociedad rural del norte del reino durante los siglos XI al XIII. Tiene un estudio introductorio.
Edition of an exceptional cartulary of the monastery of San Andrés de Fanlo located in the kingdom of Aragon, which sheds light on the characteristics of the rural society of the north of the kingdom during the 11th to 13th centuries. It has an introductory study.

La región del río Matarranya se sitúa entre Aragón, Cataluña y Valencia y tiene una historia que reúne muchos de los elementos característicos de la evolución de estos tres países de la Corona de Aragón en el periodo medieval. Incluye capítulos sobre la dinámica histórica, la lengua, el arte y el patrimonio de esta zona, poco conocida a pesar de su extraordinario interés. El libro puede descargarse íntegramente. Participan en su autoría J. A. Sesma Muñoz, J. M. Ortega Ortega, J. Criado Mainar, C. Villanueva Morte, M. T. Moret Oliver y J. A. Benavente Serrano.

Since the early 11th century, the Christian principalities of central Pyrenees begin to develop more complex structures of power. The war against the muslim Taifa states accelerated this dynamic since the 1060. This book aims to describe this process and, in turn, explain what are the structural characteristics of the feudal State from the example Navarro-Aragonese

Siervos medievales presenta una realidad social poco estudiada hasta ahora por la historiografía medievalista: la vasta extensión de la dependencia campesina de carácter servil en el norte de la Península y, en especial, en Aragón y Navarra, durante los siglos XI al XIII. Indaga la experiencia vital de los siervos, las características de la reproducción social de las familias serviles y la dinámica de la dominación ejercida por los señores. Muestra la ambigüedad de los estatutos, del deshonor que pesaba sobre los siervos y las características de la resistencia campesina. El análisis comparativo de la evolución de la servidumbre en Navarra, Aragón y Cataluña subraya la decisiva importancia del Estado en la dinámica social.

Anuncio de la presentación de la obra de Julián M. Ortega Ortega, La conquista islámica de la Península Ibérica. Una perspectiva arqueológica.
Presentación: Carlos Laliena Corbera, lugar: Librería Antígona, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 25, Zaragoza, fecha: 17 de enero, 19.30 h.