Ewa Wipszycka
University of Warsaw, Department of Papyrology, Faculty Member
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The main question that the present paper tries to answer is as fol- lows: since two discordant precepts concerning work were to be found in the New Testament, how did monks behave? One precept treated work as a duty, the other recommended... more
The main question that the present paper tries to answer is as fol- lows: since two discordant precepts concerning work were to be found in the New Testament, how did monks behave? One precept treated work as a duty, the other recommended not to care about one’s maintenance. The monks followed in their behaviour either the first or the second precept. As a result of disputes that took place in the fourth century the opinion prevailed that work was the better choice. It is important for us to find out when and under what circumstances that choice was done by the majority of the monastic movement in the East. It is also important to see what arguments were used by the monks of Late Antiquity in order to settle the conflict between the two discordant precepts. This conflict worried many and caused a renewal of a dispute that seemed to have been closed. Two ways of reasoning in favour of monastic work were generally used: monks might and should pray and work at the same time, satisfying...
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... hors and Michel Garel, Jean-Michel Carrié, Mireille Corbier, Hélène Cuvigny and Adam Bülow-Jacobsen, Denis Feissel, Danielle Haase-Dubosc, Chantal Heurtel, Arietta Papaconstantinou and Jean-Claude Waquet, Delphine Renaut and Frederick... more
... hors and Michel Garel, Jean-Michel Carrié, Mireille Corbier, Hélène Cuvigny and Adam Bülow-Jacobsen, Denis Feissel, Danielle Haase-Dubosc, Chantal Heurtel, Arietta Papaconstantinou and Jean-Claude Waquet, Delphine Renaut and Frederick Lauritzen, Suzanne ...
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La subvention instituee par Constantin le Grand et a laquelle se referent trois historiens de l'Eglise, Soctate le Scholastique (H.E. II, 17, 1-2), Sozomene (H.E. III, 9, 5; V, 5, 2-4), Theodoret (H.E. I, 11, 2-3; IV, 4), ainsi... more
La subvention instituee par Constantin le Grand et a laquelle se referent trois historiens de l'Eglise, Soctate le Scholastique (H.E. II, 17, 1-2), Sozomene (H.E. III, 9, 5; V, 5, 2-4), Theodoret (H.E. I, 11, 2-3; IV, 4), ainsi qu'Athanase (Apologia secunda, 18; Historia Arianorum, 10, 3; 31, 2; 63, 1), etait destinee exclusivement au clerge et ne devait pas servir, comme on le pense generalement, a l'activite caritative de l'Eglise. Outre les membres du clerge, avaient droit a participer aux distributions de ble egalement les « veuves » et les « vierges »: non pas toutes les veuves ou toutes les vierges, ni les veuves ou les vierges pauvres, mais toutes celles (pauvres ou riches) qui avaient solennellement promis de ne pas se marier et qui avaient ete inscrites par les eveques sur des listes speciales. Le statut de ces deux groupes prestigieux de femmes etait ambivalent: elles n'appartenaient naturellement pas au clerge, mais etaient situees tout pres de celui-c...
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L'A. cherche a retracer l'histoire des pelerinages chretiens dans l'Antiquite tardive. Cela implique pour lui l'obligation de definir la notion de pelerinage et de delimiter la problematique de ce rite social. L'A. est... more
L'A. cherche a retracer l'histoire des pelerinages chretiens dans l'Antiquite tardive. Cela implique pour lui l'obligation de definir la notion de pelerinage et de delimiter la problematique de ce rite social. L'A. est aussi confronte a un probleme de sources et donc de datation : principalement ces sources nombreuses sont rarement complementaires. Il se refere a deux types de documents pour elaborer son travail : les itineraria et les miracula ainsi que les vestiges architecturaux
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Il n'y a aucune raison pour penser que l'adhesion au christianisme etait liee, en Egypte, a une attitude hostile a l'egard des Grecs. L'attitude de l'elite envers le christianisme, pas plus que celle des paysans,... more
Il n'y a aucune raison pour penser que l'adhesion au christianisme etait liee, en Egypte, a une attitude hostile a l'egard des Grecs. L'attitude de l'elite envers le christianisme, pas plus que celle des paysans, n'etait uniforme. A cote de ceux qui restaient fideles aux cultes de leurs peres, il y en avait d'autres, de loin plus nombreux, qui choisissaient la religion chretienne. Rien ne nous autorise a penser que le peuple etait plus ouvert au christianisme que l'elite. A la fin du 4e siecle, les paiens, tout en etant nettement minoritaires, constituaient encore des milieux consistants et, contrairement a ce qu'a soutenu R. S. Bagnall, n'etaient pas reduits a 10 % de la population
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This important volume contains 175 documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine and Syene (Aswan), which yielded hundreds of papyri in hieratic, Demotic, Aramaic, Greek, Latin and Coptic, spanning a period of 2000 years.... more
This important volume contains 175 documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine and Syene (Aswan), which yielded hundreds of papyri in hieratic, Demotic, Aramaic, Greek, Latin and Coptic, spanning a period of 2000 years. The documents include letters and legal contracts from family and other archives, and are thus an invaluable source of knowledge for scholars of varied disciplines such as epistolography, law, society, religion, language and onomastics. The volume includes seven sections, each containing carefully translated and extensively annotated documents of one language group. Excellent cross-referencing allows the user to trace forerunners and successors. Each section is preceded by an introduction. The Aramaic, Demotic and Greek sections are concluded with a prospography. The book closes with a select topical index.
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Research Interests: Geography and Monasticism
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Tens of thousands of documents dating form the late Byzantine and early Islamic periods have been found in Egypt. These texts, written on papyrus and a variety of other materials, in Greek, Coptic Egyptian, and Arabic, offer a unique, but... more
Tens of thousands of documents dating form the late Byzantine and early Islamic periods have been found in Egypt. These texts, written on papyrus and a variety of other materials, in Greek, Coptic Egyptian, and Arabic, offer a unique, but underutilized resource for the study of a society experiencing a profound transformation, this volume collects papers given at the conference "Documentary Evidence and the History of Early Islamic Egypt", including editions of previously unpublished Greek, Coptic, and Arabic documents, historical and linguistic studies which make use of documentary evidence, a discussion of the importance of Arabic literary papyri, and an introduction to papyrology and its relevance for the study of this period of Egyptian history. For more titles about Papyrology, please click here.
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This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and... more
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren.
PAR EwA wIPSzyckA L'ample dossier de textes produits dans les ermitages et les monastères de Thèbes-ouest a fait l'objet, dans les dernières années, de nombreux travaux qui ont abouti à des éditions de sources et à des études traitant de... more
PAR EwA wIPSzyckA L'ample dossier de textes produits dans les ermitages et les monastères de Thèbes-ouest a fait l'objet, dans les dernières années, de nombreux travaux qui ont abouti à des éditions de sources et à des études traitant de différents problèmes 1. Cela n'a rien de surprenant, car ce dossier est d'une richesse extraordinaire. Les groupes de documents qui le composent et dont chacun comprend des centaines de pièces, datent d'une même époque (à peu près deux cents ans, du milieu du VI e au milieu du VIII e siècle), et dans bien des cas, les moines et les laïcs qui y apparaissent sont attestés dans plusieurs pièces, si bien qu'il est possible de faire des recherches prosopographiques, très utiles pour l'interprétation des textes. Aux documents provenant de ce centre s'ajoutent les résultats des travaux des archéologues, qui ont étudié les restes de l'habitat monastique. Dans certains cas, nous savons exactement où ont été trouvés tels papyrus ou tels ostraca contenant des informations sur tels ou tels moines. Cela nous aide à nous faire une idée assez concrète de la vie de ces moines: nous pouvons savoir quelles étaient leurs habitations, quels étaient les sentiers qu'ils
The aim of this study is to recreate the 'real reality' experienced by the travellers on the road to Abu Mina, especially of those who would arrive through Philoxenite. I will not be dealing with individual or social imaginations and... more
The aim of this study is to recreate the 'real reality' experienced by the travellers on the road to Abu Mina, especially of those who would arrive through Philoxenite. I will not be dealing with individual or social imaginations and emotional reactions of people coming into direct contact with the sacrum. Numerous works on this topic have been published 1, and I assume that the reader is familiar with at least some of them. I will, therefore, plunge right in medias res without further reminders about the significance of this topic.
We possess a substantial amount of knowledge about how the Patriarch of Alexandria wielded power over his subordinate bishops. This picture can be now enriched thanks to the present thorough study of the lists of episcopal delegations to... more
We possess a substantial amount of knowledge about how the Patriarch of Alexandria wielded power over his subordinate bishops. This picture can be now enriched thanks to the present thorough study of the lists of episcopal delegations to councils which took place both in Egypt and outside it. The study's result allows us to state that, as time went by, the participation of bishops in the dioceses of the Delta increased at the expense of bishops from the Thebaid. To explain this shift in participation, the author examined the information about the Church of the Delta contained in an enormous corpus of 2,000 letters of Isidore of Pelusium (the first half of 5th c.). Isidore maintained correspondence with Cyril of Alexandria, thirty-one bishops, and numerous members of the clergy, mainly originating from dioceses in the eastern part of the Delta (province Augustamnica I). The article also provides information on the duration of travel from different cities to Alexandria, which is helpful to determine the extent to which travel time inclined patriarchs to favour the bishops of the Delta over their colleagues from the Nile Valley.