- Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Richard Urbano
Vanderbilt University, Pediatrics, Faculty Member
- Retired developmental epidemiologistedit
Abstract In this article, we demonstrate the use of linked, population-level data to examine how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are processed by a state protective services agency. Although there is a commonly hypothesized... more
Abstract In this article, we demonstrate the use of linked, population-level data to examine how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are processed by a state protective services agency. Although there is a commonly hypothesized association between a child having a disability and being abused or neglected, few studies exist in this area. Almost totally lacking are well-controlled, whole-population studies of this association for clearly defined subtypes of disability, specifically ASD. In this paper, we describe how secondary data on children with ASD will be linked to other, existing databases to address issues of child abuse and neglect. Our approach is using data from well-documented ASD cases of eight-year-olds in the Tennessee Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network database; these children are then matched to comparison cases in the Tennessee Department of Children's Services (TDCS) database. Our ultimate goal is to create an analysis dataset, using ADDM and TDCS data, to examine potential differences in prevalence rates, dispositions, and correlates of abuse among children with ASD. We show the potential of this approach by presenting preliminary findings from a large, population-level study of children with ASD (N = 358) and matched controls.
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ABSTRACT
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Auditory Perception, Child Development, Attention, and 14 moreAdolescent, Intellectual Disability, Medicine, Learning, Mental Retardation, Humans, Child, Dichotic Listening, Memory Span, Digit span, Psychological Tests, Analysis of Variance, Short Term Memory, and Mentally retarded
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Perception of synthetic speech continua through the sense of touch and audition was compared utilizing a 32-channel spectrally oriented electrocutaneous display and standard auditory psychophysical procedures. Results indicated a close... more
Perception of synthetic speech continua through the sense of touch and audition was compared utilizing a 32-channel spectrally oriented electrocutaneous display and standard auditory psychophysical procedures. Results indicated a close correspondence between tactual and auditory discrimination and identification for a vowel (/a/-//) and a consonant (/sta/-/sa/) continuum. These results suggest that at least some aspects of speech perception are amodal.
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As transition services foster better post-school outcomes, all students with disabilities should be receiving these services as they traverse their final high school years. Using a national, web-based parent survey, we examined the... more
As transition services foster better post-school outcomes, all students with disabilities should be receiving these services as they traverse their final high school years. Using a national, web-based parent survey, we examined the frequency and correlates of the receipt of transition services for 189 students with disabilities. Parents reported their children’s age, functioning level, maladaptive behavior, and number of services received. Only 54% of the child of the participants received transition services. Students with higher (vs. lower) levels of adaptive skills were less likely to receive transition services. Students with more services on average and who were older were more likely to receive transition services. Implications are discussed for increasing the implementation of transition services for all students with disabilities and increasing parent knowledge of transition services and transition planning.
This study examined who provides informal (or unpaid) supports to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Participants included 657 adult siblings of people with disabilities who responded to a national survey about... more
This study examined who provides informal (or unpaid) supports to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Participants included 657 adult siblings of people with disabilities who responded to a national survey about informal supports in the areas of recreation, employment, and housing. Results indicated that most people with IDD received informal supports, with parents and sibling respondents most often providing those supports. Support was most commonly received in recreation, as opposed to housing or employment. Asked to list nonfamily informal supporters, respondents often mentioned paid staff and disability organizations. Correlates of total numbers of informal supporters included the individual with disability's functioning level and parents' ability to care for their offspring with disabilities.
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Research Interests: Phonology, Language Acquisition, Phonetics, Language Development, Humans, and 15 moreChild, Female, Male, Infant, Comparative Analysis, Social Environment, Risk factors, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Child Language, Socioeconomic Factors, Psychosocial deprivation, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Premature infant, and Medical and Health Sciences
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The efficacy of utilizing an automated algorithm to identify auditory brainstem responses (ABR) was studied. A microcomputer-based threshold-seeking algorithm utilizing click-evoked ABR was developed to determine evoked-response... more
The efficacy of utilizing an automated algorithm to identify auditory brainstem responses (ABR) was studied. A microcomputer-based threshold-seeking algorithm utilizing click-evoked ABR was developed to determine evoked-response thresholds for automated hearing screening. The software consists of an evoked-response recognizer unit, which determines the presence or absence of a response, and a threshold-tracking unit, which controls the click intensity in order to track the threshold. The response recognizer is based upon correlation methods. Threshold tracking is accomplished using a Parameter Estimation by Sequential Testing (PEST) procedure, which is commonly used to study psychophysical properties of the auditory system. Sound level is automatically adjusted, based on the results of the recognizer and the threshold tracker. Test results were generally obtained in less than 15 minutes per ear. The results of the automated procedure correlate very highly with expert judgments of AB...
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Research Interests: Education, Language Acquisition, Child Development, Language Development, Language disorders, and 15 moreIndividual Differences, Down Syndrome, Humans, Hearing disorders, Female, Male, Verbal behavior, Infant, Developmental disabilities, Comparative Analysis, Newborn Infant, Child Language, Child preschool, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Preschool children's utilization of complementary relations (e.g., environmental associates such as bird-nest, dog-bone) and taxonomic relations (e.g., items related categorically such as two or more fruit) was compared using three... more
Preschool children's utilization of complementary relations (e.g., environmental associates such as bird-nest, dog-bone) and taxonomic relations (e.g., items related categorically such as two or more fruit) was compared using three response measures that varied the task demands placed on the child. These three response measures were: generating a related verbal response to a single picture study card; selecting the one of two choice pictures that was related to the study pictures; justifying the picture choice selected. For one set, the correct response was related taxonomically to the study picture. For the second set, a correct response formed a complementary pair with the study picture. Based on a conceptual analysis of the task, it was argued that picture choice would be less demanding for the child than justification of the picture choice which in turn would be less demanding than generating an appropriate pair. It was predicted that as task demands increased performance wo...
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In this study, the authors used a national, Web-based survey to examine female and male siblings of individuals with disabilities. More than 1,160 adult siblings completed a 163-question survey about themselves, their siblings, and their... more
In this study, the authors used a national, Web-based survey to examine female and male siblings of individuals with disabilities. More than 1,160 adult siblings completed a 163-question survey about themselves, their siblings, and their sibling relationships. Most respondents reported fairly close contact with their siblings and positive sibling relationships, good health, and benefits from being a sibling to a brother–sister with disabilities. Compared with men, women reported benefiting more from the sibling relationship. Relative to the U.S. population, female (though not male) siblings married later and divorced less often, and these women had their first child at later ages. Implications are discussed regarding future research and service needs.
Research Interests: Children and Families, Adolescent, Intellectual Disability, Information, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Developmental disabilities, Attitude, Caregivers, Family Relations, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Health surveys, Cost of Illness, Developmental Disability, National Survey, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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A survey was sent to White, Hispanic and Black parents of children in the gifted and talented program of a large urban school district. The results indicated that there were few differences among the three parent groups in either the... more
A survey was sent to White, Hispanic and Black parents of children in the gifted and talented program of a large urban school district. The results indicated that there were few differences among the three parent groups in either the characteristics that had indicated to them that their child might be gifted, or in the attributes which they believed were current descriptors of their gifted child. Large group differences were present, however, between the White sample and the two minority group samples in the percentage of families who requested an evaluation of their child for possible placement in the gifted and talented program. Fewer of the minority parents made such a request. This factor could contribute to the underrepresentation of minority students in gifted programs.