Eski Yakın Doğu'da özellikle yazışmalarda kullanılan bir iyi dilek kalıbı DINGIR MEŠ TI-an harkandu "tanrılar (seni) hayatta tutsun" ifadesi Hitit metinlerinde de görülmektedir. Bu iyi dilek birbirine rütbece denk olan memurlar ya da krallar arasındaki yazışmalarda sıkça kullanılmıştır. Bo 7929 numaralı tanıtılacak tablet fragmanında da de benzer kalıbın geçtiği düşünülmektedir. Bu bakımdan bir mektup fragmanı olması muhtemeldir. Tablet Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesinde olup 1987 yılında Berlin'den gelen tabletlerdendir. Çalışmada tablet fragmanının transliterasyonu yapılarak tercüme önerisi sunulacak; sözcükler üzerinde durulacak ve filolojik yorum yapılacaktır.

Öz Sayıları 23 bini aşan Kültepe tabletleri arasında Anadolu'nun yerli halkına ait tablet sayısı çok azdır. Bunların büyük çoğunluğu kendi aralarındaki borç-alacak işleri ile ilgili olduğundan yerlilerin sosyal hayatları hakkında ne yazık ki bilgi edinemiyoruz. Çalışmamızda 1992 yılı Kültepe kazılarında bulunmuş, Anadolulu tüccar Nini'ye ait, çoğunluğu borç senetlerinden oluşan tabletleri ele alıp değerlendirdik. Abstract The Tablets That Belong To Nini, The Anatolian Merchant Among Kültepe tablets whose number is more than twenty three thousand, the number of the tablets that belong to the local people of Anatolia is very few. Since most of them related to the affairs of debts and receivables among themselves, unfortunately we could not acquire any information about the social lives of the native people. In this study, we are going to take over the tablets found in 1992 Kültepe excavations, mostly composed of debt securities that belong to Nini, the Anatolian merchant.

ÖZET 93 Harbi olarak nitelenen 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı büyük kayıpların yanı sıra önemli bir göç sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Rus ilerleyişi ve istilâsı karşısında binlerce insan yerini yurdunu bırakarak göç etmek zorunda kalmış bu da yeni bir felâkete yol açmıştır. Açlık, soğuk ve hastalık gibi faktörler sefaletin boyutlarını iyice arttırmıştır. Rus ve Bulgar saldırılarının halen devam ettiği bu ortamda Osmanlı Devleti elindeki sınırlı imkânlarla muhacirlere destek olmaya çalışmıştır. Ekmek, giysi gibi temel ihtiyaçlardan bile yoksun olan bu insanların her şeyden önce hayatta kalabilmeleri için yardımlar yapılmıştır. Çalışmamıza konu olan Gümülcine de, bu dönemde muhacirlerin sığındıkları geçici iskân bölgelerinden birisi olmuştur. Burada muhacirlerin temel ihtiyaçları karşılanmaya çalışılırken hastane, yetimhane gibi ihtiyaç duyulan bazı düzenlemeler de yapılmıştır. Ancak sayının çokluğu, salgın hastalıklar, mevsim şartları ve yokluk gibi faktörler onları fazlasıyla etkilemiş ve kalıcı çare olarak iskân sorunlarını çözmek için yeni yollar aranmaya başlanmıştır. ABSTRACT The Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78, called 93 war in Turkish historical literature, gave rise to a gigantic wave of migration in addition to losses of different kinds. In the face of Russian advance and occupation lots of settlements were evacuated and the inhabitants living there in were obliged to immigrate. The number of the immigrants who were compelled to leave their soil during the war reached about 1.250.000 soul. (Mc.Carthy, 1998, 105) The majority of the immigrants were from the regions in the neighborhood of the Danube and the Adrianople province, for the fightings had concentrated on these two regions. Situated in the hinterland of Constantinople, the Danubian and Adrianople provinces had a substantial Muslim population. But from the very early days, war policies against the Turkish side had developed so as to target the annihilation of the Muslim Turkish population in the region. As the first step the Muslim population was disarmed and reduced to an unguarded state. Next, Bulgarian bands were formed and Bulgarian people were armed. The security of the immigrants, on the other hand, failed to be assured and the immigrants faced various difficulties in the process of migrating. Attempts of some of the immigrants to use railway routes in escaping gave rise to further disturbances. Filled up with immigrants, trains were unsuccessful in carrying soldiers, munitions, provisions etc. to the military front, which led to the growth of other problems. Having heard the atrocities carried out by the Russians in the region, Muslims leaving their homlands in masses sought for safe places to take shelter in and, however temporarily, settled in places they found secure enough. Various measures were taken and various services were offered to meet the needs of the immigrants settling in new towns temporarily. And one of these towns was Gumurdjina, the very subject matter of the article. The very topic of our article, Gumurdjina, within the province of Adrianople at that time, like many other places within the same province, came to be a place of temporary settlement. It was predicted that not less than 80.000 immigrants were settled in Gumurdjina within two months (January and February) in 1878. At that time the Ottoman official institution responsible for the services to the immigrants settling within the Adrianople province was " the Commission for the Settlement of Immigrants ". Headed by Hacı Şerif Bey, this commission was supposed to mediate in settling the immigrants in convenient places, while the essential needs of the immigrants were tried to be met by native wealthy people as well as by the British Help Committee and the French Protestant Committee. But all the measures fell short and as the winter of 1878 approached, the number of the diseased and dead increased. Between February and June, 1878, in Adrianople for example, 16.000 out of 45.000 immigrants caught typhus and 10.000 of them lost their lives. (Şimşir, I, 571-72) Most of the deaths were due to malnourishment and exposure to hard winter conditions. Epidemics spread more easily and swiftly in barracks, cottages and other deserted places as spots hosting the immigrants and causing their lives. Limited aid available along the frontiers were distributed first among the widows, orphans and disabled, while the healty were excluded and thus aggravating the conditions of the jobless in the countryside. It was predicted that the number of the deaths among the immigrants rose to 20.000 in Gumurdjina between August and December, 1878. (Şimşir, I, 742). The European Commission founded to investigate the condition of the Muslim immigrants settling around Gumurdjina and Drama, together with Ottoman representative Naşid Pasha, came to the region and conducted explorations therein. The investigations and explorations in the region revealed that the reason behind the withdrawal of the local people against the mountains was the oppression by the Bulgarians and the Russian soldiers, which also brought about the pillaging of their animals, produces and properties. (BOA, Y.E.E., 43/105). Thousands of diseased, widow and children as well as their need to be examined medically, called for the decision to construct a few hospitals and orphanage in the region and the 5.000 gold coins necessary for this entreprise, upon the approval of * Yrd. Doç. Dr., Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi