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About strategies and tactics of crowd psychological manipulationm media maniputation, campaign management, campiagn strategies, message development, etc...
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the role of television in the free and fair election (A case study of 2015 general election in Nigeria). The media are essential to democracy, and a democratic election is impossible without media. A free and fair election is not only about the freedom to vote and the knowledge of how to cast a vote, but also about a participatory process where voters engage in public debate and have adequate information about parties, policies, candidates and the election process itself in order to make informed choices. Furthermore, media acts as a crucial watchdog to democratic elections, safeguarding the transparency of the process. Indeed, a democratic election with no media freedom, or stifled media freedom, would be a contradiction in terms. The study adopted the survey design using the questionnaire as the research instrument. The study addressed three research questions.
2019 •
Abstract The paper is on Fake news as a tool for political Propaganda in the 2019 General Election. The study was set the determine the influence of fake news as propaganda tool on voters choice of candidate and the effect on election outcome in general. The study relies on the Hypodermic Needle theory as the theoretical frame work to show how fake news from media influence public perception. The study use the survey research using qualitative analysis of data while data used are from secondary sources that is, journals and other publications both online and offline. The study then concludes politicians used fake news as tool for propaganda in the 2019 General election and that such news distorted the election process. The study then recommends that there should be a strict monitoring on the social media such as Twitter to ensure that politicians do not misuse it.
2009 •
Previous studies of aggregated election returns have identified a local component to the vote in state election contests. The authors suggest that a geographical distribution of information about candidates produces these aggregate patterns and demonstrate that the farther a voter resides from a candidate's home media market, the less likely it is that the voter knows about the candidate. Furthermore, uncertainty associated with distance reduces the likelihood that a voter will select a candidate. This effect holds in partisan and nonpartisan (primary) contests. The findings call attention to the need for additional study of vehicles that transmit information at the local level. The "friends and neighbors" effect has been part of the voting studies literature for some considerable time. To date, however, relatively little attention has been paid to the individual-level processes, which underpin aggregate-level patterns of localism in voting. In this article, we provide an explanation for aggregate-level patterns grounded in terms of information and individual choice. We demonstrate that information about candidates has a geographical distribution that informs vote choice, thereby producing local concentrations of voting at the aggregate level. This study proceeds in three main steps. First, we briefly review the friends and neighbors and localism literature. Second, we present an account of localism in voting in terms of information costs. The final section presents tests of hypotheses using data from both primary and general elections.
2011 •
Abstract: We present results from laboratory experimental elections in which voter information is endogenously provided by candidates and voting is voluntary. We also compare advertisements that are costless to voters with those that reduce voter payoffs. We find that informative advertisements increase voter participation and thus informative campaign advertising" turns out" voters.
2008 •
Abstract Campaign advertising can provide benefits to constituencies when used to fund the distribution of useful information, but voters can be harmed if candidates finance such advertising by trading policy favors to special interests in exchange for contributions. We report data from novel laboratory campaign finance experiments that shed light on this tradeoff, and that provide rigorous empirical evidence on formal campaign finance theory.
The book discusses at length the various aspects of elections and media coverage. Media coverage has become ever more wide- covering social media, election campaigning strategies, mainstream media coverage, paid news, political advertising among others. The study argues that media coverage of elections can be biased and does not influence voting behaviour as the electorate is more educated and informed. However, certain election reforms are required for a major overhaul of the current electoral pattern.
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