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New Disease Reports (2018) 37, 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.003 First report of Cymbidium mosaic virus on orchids in Paraguay F.A. Esquivel 1*, L.R. González 2, H. Sarubbi 2, E.W. Kitajima 1 and J.A.M. Rezende 1 1 Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ/USP, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil ; Biologia. FCA/UNA, San Lorenzo, Paraguay 2 Departamento de *E-mail: arnaldo.esquivel@usp.br Received: 11 Dec 2017. Published: 12 Jan 2018. Keywords: diagnosis, potexvirus Ornamental flower growers in Paraguay have been encouraged to produce orchids by an increased demand over the last decade and the improvement in cultivation techniques. During 2014 and 2015, leaf samples showing virus-like symptoms (Figs. 1-4) including flower colour breaking, leaf necrosis and necrotic spotting, were observed in plants of five orchid genera (Cattleya, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Oncidium and Phalaenopsis) grown in commercial greenhouses in the Paraguayan municipalities of Asuncion and Caacupé. Ultra-thin sections of foliar samples from all genera were examined by transmission electron microscopy and revealed the presence of aggregates of flexuous particles in the cytoplasm of cells in at least one sample from every orchid genus (Fig. 5). Leaf extracts from symptomatic plants of all genera reacted positively with polyclonal antiserum against Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), genus Potexvirus, in a plate trapped antigenELISA. Total RNA was extracted from twenty symptomatic leaf samples (Cattleya, n=4; Dendrobium, n=5; Miltonia, n=3; Oncidium, n=5; and Phalaenopsis, n=3), and analysed by one-step RT-PCR amplification using specific primers for CymMV (forward: 5'-GGTGCAGGCAGAGCATAGAG'-3, reverse: 5'-TAATCATGGGAGAGCCCACT'-3), Orchid fleck virus (OFV) (forward: 5'-TGTCATAGCCGACATAAACACC'-3, reverse: 5'-TGTAGAGCTTGCGAGATACAGG'-3) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) (forward: 5'-CCAAACACAACAAGCTCGAA'-3, reverse: 5'-CCGTAGTTGTCGGATTCTGC'-3). Amplicons of the expected size for CymMV (681 bp) were obtained with total RNA extracted from all samples. In addition, at least one plant of each genus was found to also be Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 4 Figure 5 infected with either OFV or ORSV; two viruses previously reported in Paraguay (González-Segnana, 1989; Ramos-González et al., 2016). Three RT-PCR amplicons for CymMV, obtained from different plants of each genus (fifteen in total), were purified with PCR Clean-Up System (Promega, USA) and directly sequenced (Macrogen Inc., Korea). Sequences of two amplicons were deposited in GenBank (Accesion Nos. MG774929 and MG774930). Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences revealed 98 to 99% identity with the corresponding nucleotide sequences of the coat protein gene of CymMV deposited in GenBank (AY571289 and AB541544). This is the first report of CymMV in Paraguay. Further surveys are necessary to determine the occurrence of this virus in commercial greenhouses throughout Paraguay. Recommendations for suitable crop management should be shared between growers to avoid the spread of these viruses. References Ramos-González PL, Sarubbi-Orue H, González-Segnana L, Chabi-Jesus C, Freitas-Astúa J, Kitajima EW, 2016. Orchid fleck virus infecting orchids in Paraguay: first report and use of degenerate primers for its detection. Journal of Phytopathology 164, 342-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12420 González-Segnana LR, 1989. Propriedades de um isolado do vírus da mancha anelar de Odontoglossum e a sua detecção em orquídeas. Viçosa, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MSc thesis. Figure 3 To cite this report: Esquivel FA, González LR, Sarubbi H, Kitajima EW, Rezende JAM, 2018. First report of Cymbidium mosaic virus on orchids in Paraguay. New Disease Reports 37, 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.003 This report was published on-line at www.ndrs.org.uk where high quality versions of the figures can be found. ©2018 The Authors New Disease Reports is a peer-reviewed on-line journal published by the British Society for Plant Pathology, for more information visit http://www.ndrs.org.uk/ View publication stats Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Page 3