Experimental comparison analysis of desalination system by using conventional still method, single layer cotton wick and double layer cotton wick Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2417, 020007 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072705 Published Online: 19 October 2021 Shrikant Arunrao Thote, Dr. Sachin R. Karale and Shivaji S. Aher ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN Physical-chemical characteristics of the Tuti Adagae hot spring in Alor regency, East Nusa Tenggara AIP Conference Proceedings 2370, 080006 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062161 The stability testing of carbamazepine in spiked-saliva using HPLC-UV AIP Conference Proceedings 2370, 030005 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062204 Surface deformation of non-uniformly heated thin layer of liquid AIP Conference Proceedings 2422, 040011 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0068763 AIP Conference Proceedings 2417, 020007 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072705 © 2021 Author(s). 2417, 020007 Experimental Comparison Analysis of Desalination System by Using Conventional Still Method, Single Layer Cotton Wick and Double Layer Cotton Wick Shrikant Arunrao Thote1, a), Dr. Sachin R. Karale2, b), and Shivaji S Aher3, c) 1 G H Raisoni University, Saikheda Chhindwara-Madhya Pradesh-India 2 G H Raisoni University, Anjangaon, Amravati –Maharashtra-India 3 Shivajirao S Jondhle Polytechnic, Asangaon, Shahapur –MaharashtraIndia a) Corresponding author: shrikantathote@gmail.com b) sachin.karale@raisoni.net c) shiva.mechboy@gmail.com Abstract. The preeminent significant perspective for supporting life on the earth is water. Notwithstanding its bountiful accessibility, a little rate is regularly utilized for drinking reason. By expanding vanishing rate with the joined impact of radiation, the sun based water preheating framework builds the effectiveness of the sun oriented water refining gadget by covers slip temp, water pollution thickness, base plate engrossing thickness and extra warmth. This gadget likewise can be utilized for not too bad water. For this experimentation, we've utilized copper curl with chamber supplanting emptied cylinders to offer significance for sustainable power source assets for reasonable turn of events. The desalination framework works in three distinctive circumstances which fuses ordinary still strategy (without a wick), utilizing single layer cotton wick and twofold layer cotton wick in regular still technique and one without cotton wick. In this manner normal outcomes upheld 7 days when ordinary despite everything utilized delivered 150-160ml of desalinated water with approx. Avg. Bay temp and outlet temp. 37°C and 68°C. Though with the usage of Single layer Wick Cotton it created approx. 252ml of desalinated waterwith approx. Avg. Gulf temp and outlet temp. 37°C and 69°C and with Double layer Wick Cotton it delivered 600ml of desalinated water with approx. Avg. Gulf temp and outlet temp. 41°C and 71°C. The water profitability is spread out by 162%over regular still for single layer cotton wick and thusly the water efficiency is expatiated by 385% over ordinary still for the twofold layer cotton wick and even the water efficiency is more by 237% twofold layer cotton wick over single layer cotton wick. Keywords. Solar water basin, Water tank, Flat Plate Collectors, cotton wick, Copper coil INTRODUCTION Within the previous couple of years the demand for water has increased tremendously everywhere the planet. The long term demand is going to be very high and therefore the water resources are becoming depleted at a faster rate. We’d like to depend upon the saline water resources for meeting the water demand. One best choice is to use solar power for water distillation [1]. Distillation has long been considered how of creating water drinkable and purifying water in remote locations. In ninety seven percent of the earth’s mass lies within the oceans, of the remaining 3%, is brackish, 0.5% as water. As a result, many of us don't get access to adequate and cheap supplies of potable water. This results in population concentration around existing water supplies, marginal health condition and usually allow standard of living [2]. Thus an answer for this solar distillation can benefit rising problem in developing countries in several ways. Solar distillation device is often worthwhile by providing pure water for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. Solar still operating on sea water can ensure a supply of water in the drought affected region [3]. In this experiment we used single basin solar still with evacuated tubes solar dish to convert the saline water into water. As solar power is plentiful and may be used for converting saline 2nd International Conference on Advanced Materials Behaviour and Characterization AIP Conf. Proc. 2417, 020007-1–020007-10; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072705 Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4148-4/$30.00 020007-1 water into water. The pure water is often obtained by distillation within the simplest solar still but here we've focused on the utilization of double layer cotton wick to extend the daily productivity of a solar still with less heat losses. Several active approaches are implemented to extend the temperature of the basin so as to increase the productivity of a solar still. Water could even be renewable natural resources of earth and is extremely essential for the survival of all living organisms. In nature, quite 97% of water sources are brackish but portable water isn't abundant [4-6]. Therefore, controlling of water quality is one among the essential problems with beverage management. Distillation is that the foremost generally used process for water purification. Naturally, solar energy heats water within the seas and lakes, and then evaporation takes place. Water vapor condenses within the atmosphere and returns to earth as rain water. Solar distillation represents one of the oldest techniques and is useful for the assembly of water from brackish or saline water in many parts of the planet [7]. Among the many factors considered for cost and efficiency in the planning and manufacturing of the solar water distillation system. Various sets of solar stills are developed and applied globally as a support technology for water purification. Generally, solar still systems have the advantage of low operating and maintenance costs and thus the shortcoming of low thermal efficiencies [8]. During this research work, we designed a solar hot-water heater (SWH) kit to replicate the natural action of evaporation and condensation. CONSTRUCTION & WORKING Experimental Setup (Construction and Working) The test arrangement situated for the scope 21.1052 °n and longitude 79.0035 °e. The examinations were done during the time of March to April 2020. In instances of CSS (Conventional Solar Still), the high and low sided dividers individually are 44 cm and 15 cm, with a solitary bowl with a powerful region of 0.5 m2 (0.5 m width x1 m long). The stills were produced using 1.5 mm thick aroused boards. The entire bowl surface was covered with dark paint from inside to expand the absorptivity. The base and side dividers of the bowl were covered dark painted 5mm thick to gather the distillate yield was fixed to the end of the low-side of bowl. Plastic funnels were associated with the troughs to deplete the new water (distillate). Another channel was associated with the bowl base to deplete squander. A channel for the abundance water was fixed along the lower edge of the material. The bowl was secured with glass sheet (1.06mX0.523m) of 3mm thick slanted at about 35° on a level plane towards the height. Just if there should arise an occurrence of WSS (Wick Solar Stills), care was taken to remain the glass spread edge since it is same as of CSS (Conventional Solar Still). This edge was chosen to expand the protections got by the safeguard and limit reflection misfortunes. Then, this point was adequate for all the water drops to skim directly down to the gathering channel and subsequently forestall water drops from fullback to the wick material or to the bowl. The sunlight based heated water tank comprised of authority, water tank and casing. A barrel shaped water tank having 45 lit limits were utilized to take care of the bowl with heated water through protects tube. The stills were working on a sunlight based premise with water acquainted with the principle tanks consistently. The saline water feed tank was utilized to take care of sun based stills during day time. Thermocouple It comprises of two distinct conduits and shaping electrical intersections at different temperatures. As an aftereffect of the thermo-electric impact a thermocouple delivers a temperature-subordinate voltage, and this voltage are frequently deciphered for temperature estimation. The thermocouples are a normally utilized temperature sensor type [1]. Rota Meter A Rota meter is a system that investigations the stream pace of fluids in a shut funnels. It has a place in a class of meters called variable territory meters, which assess the stream rate by requiring the cross-area district the liquid goes through to contrast, bringing about a discernible impact [1]. The buoy increments when utilized with a fluid because of the blend of the liquid speeds head and the fluid lightness. Copper Coil Copper loop is heat move gadgets for the acknowledgment of wanting warming or cooling. A basic structure highlight of warmth exchange innovation is the choice of proper materials for quick and powerful conduction and move of warmth. Copper has numerous appealing properties for heat exchangers which are thermally proficient and strong. Most importantly, copper is a remarkable warmth conveyor. This implies the high warm conductivity of copper permits warmth to go effectively through it. Numerous alluring required properties of copper in heat exchangers 020007-2 incorporate its consumption opposition, most extreme passable pressure and inside weight for bio fouling, crawling break quality, exhaustion quality, hardness, warm development, and any more. The gathering of these properties enables copper to be indicated for heat exchangers in a few mechanical offices, HVAC frameworks, vehicle coolers and radiators, and some more. It is additionally incorporated into the bottoms of high-grade cookware on the grounds that the metal behaviors heat quickly and disseminates it consistently. Float Liquid level buoys are notable as buoy balls which are having a diverse shape like round, barrel shaped, elliptical and so forth and is set from either inflexible or adaptable material, that are coasting in water and different fluids too. It is non-electrical gadget regularly utilized as graphical sight-markers for surface partition and level estimation. Additionally, it might be incorporated into exchanging instruments or clear liquid cylinders as a component in fluid for checking or control of the level. It is chipping away at the guideline of material lightness (differential density) to follow the degree of liquidity. For the Solid buoys frequently made of plastics requires a thickness not exactly of water or other use of fluid, with the goal that they skim without any problem.If there should be an occurrence of Hollow buoys, they loaded up with air are a lot lesser thicker than of water or different fluids, and are reasonable for certain applications [9]. Solar Water Basin The solar water basin is made of metal close chamber. The base of the solar still is prepared from Galvanized iron carton with the dimension of (4’ x 2’ x 10 cm). By fixing the length (L), Breath (B) and Height (H) as 65 cm,125cm, 30 cm respectively, and at opposite side = 13 cm the surface of the glass will fall in this channel under the effect of gravity that complete the process of water purification is taking place. Water Tank A water tank is required to store the water in a number of applications, such as drinking water, agriculture, fire suppression, chemical industry, food processing and many other applications. Specific materials are used to make the tank water: products like plastics, fiber-optic, concrete and steel (sweated and bolted, polyethylene, polypropylene or stainless carbon). Earthen pots also function as water storages. Water tanks are an important way to help clean drinking water storage in developing countries. Flat Plate Collectors Level plate authorities are utilized basically for residential water and space warming frameworks purposes. It comprises of a safeguard, a reasonable covering and a disengaged box. Ordinarily the safeguard is a high-warm layer Metal of conductivity with incorporated or appended cylinders or conduits. Its surface is painted or covered to amplify brilliant vitality ingestion and now and again to limit radiant outflow. The disengaged case gives insurance, safeguards and dodges heat misfortune from the back or side of the authority. A coating that lets the safeguards travel through the daylight, however disengages the space around the safeguard so cool air doesn't vary through this area is known as the spreadsheets. The glass speaks to, notwithstanding, a little piece of the daylight not entering the safeguard. FIGURE 1. FLAT PLATE SOLAR WATER COLLECTORS [SOURCE: SYEDFIROZUDDIN ET AL. 2014 [10]] The gatherer can arrive at the temperatures up to 200°C when no fluid courses through it and hence all the materials utilized must have the option to oppose such warmth. The material utilized for the safeguard is regularlymade of copper, steel or aluminum materials and the lodging of the gatherer might be made of materials, for example, plastic, metal or wood and the front of the front of the glass must be protected so as to guarantee that the 020007-3 warmth isn't overpowering. So as to limit heat misfortune, the gatherer lodging is vigorously protected on the back and side too. In spite of the fact that there are still some gatherer heat misfortunes because of thetemperature contrast between the safeguard and surrounding air that outcomes to convection and safeguard plate. Surface coatings that have a high absorbance for short-frequency light is utilized on the safeguard. The paint or plating is utilized and for the most part over 95% of the sun oriented episode is consumed by its dark surface. The second capacity of the safeguard plate is to communicate the assimilated vitality at any rate contrast in temperature into a warmth move liquid. This is accomplished by leading the retained warmth to into the liquid offers ascend to warm misfortunes. The level sheet of metal with tubes spread and appended 10 cm separated comprises of fluid gatherer safeguards. The sheet of metal assimilates the greater part of the sunlight based irradiance and goes about as a transporter to bring the consumed heat radiation misfortunes. The loss of convection is brought about by the point of the tendency and the separation between the glass spread and the safeguard plate while the warmth trade between the safeguard and nature causes the radiation misfortune. Three capacities will be done by the safeguard plate which covers the whole opening region of the gatherer: ingest the greatest measure of sunlight based irradiance accessible, move this warmth to the working water at the very least temperature contrast and lose the base measure of indoor regulator in the earth. Sun based irradiance going through the coating is retained straightforwardly into the liquid. The safeguard plate is made of a high warm conductivity material in an effective framework. The cylinders are not isolated by a long shot or a much lower temperature between them will happen. Working This research consists of two main things that the solar basins which are used to collect the distilled water and the other is the portable solar water heater which is used for initializing heating of water in terms to give better result. The water is initially flow from the flat plate collector heater, which the water in a certain manner and allow to flow that to the solar basin collector [1].On the other hand that solar basin consists of the wick in it. Thisis nothing but the cloth made up of linen, cotton stitched over to experience mild continues flow as per the distiller is extracted from the basin. Now water is allowed to flow through the chamber which consists of a flat plate type solar collector. That has initially heated water stored in the float chamber which will keep that water until the solar basin water level is not reduced. After reaching to the solar basin, the wick absorbs the amount of water for the distillation purpose and as the water is heated steam is formed inside solar basin the condensed steam will collected on covered glass and distilled water is collected to the reservoir through the collector. FIGURE 2. Experimental setup of desalination system DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION A desalination system analysis process used for the three different conditions which includes a conventional still method, a using single layer cotton wick and double layer cotton wick in conventional still method preheated water is stored for evaporation and condensation process[11-13]. In single layer cotton wick method water is observed and stored in the basin, which has a single layer of cotton wick and in double layer cotton wick method water is observed and stored in the basin which has a layer of double layer of cotton wick [14]. 020007-4 Experimentation and Reading at Different Condition Experimentation of Desalination Using Conventional Still Method TABLE 1. Conventional still method (without cotton wick) Day Inlet Temp (°C ) Outlet Temp (°C ) Productivity (ml) 1 38 69 160 2 37 67 150 3 35 65 140 4 37 68 150 5 38 71 160 6 7 39 38 70 69 170 160 In conventional still process preheated water from copper coil is tend to store and kept still for evaporation and condensation process. The results of desalination using a conventional still method without cotton wick for the seven days are shown in Table 1. Inlet Temperature TEMPERATURE (˚C) 80 69 67 68 71 65 70 69 38 37 35 37 38 39 38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 60 40 Outlet Temperature 20 0 DAYS FIGURE 3. Temperature Vs. Number Of Days Productivity (ml) Figure 3 shows the inlet and outlet temperature of water for seven days respectively, with increase and decrease of temperature occur due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. 160 150 150 160 170 140 160 1 2 3 4 5 Days 6 7 Productivity FIGURE 4. Productivity Vs. Number Of Days 020007-5 Figure 4 shows the different inlet and outlet temperature for seven days with the productivity of distilled water increases and decreases due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. Productivity of day six is high due to the high amount of heat generated which result in an increase in the evaporation process. Analysis of Desalination Using Single Layer Cotton Wick TABLE 2. Conventional Still Method Using Single Layer Wick Inlet Temp (OC) 37 38 37 39 38 37 39 Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Outlet Temp (OC) 69 67 68 70 71 68 71 Productivity(ml) 250 260 250 240 260 250 260 In single layer cotton wick the evaporator basin is provided with a single layer cotton wick and the preheated water from copper coil is tend to observed by this cotton wick for evaporation and condensation process. The results of desalination using a single layer cotton wick for the seven days are shown in Table 2. TEMPERATURE (˚C) 80 69 67 Inlet Temperature ure 71 70 68 68 Outlett Te Temperature 71 37 38 37 39 38 37 39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 60 40 20 0 DAYS FIGURE 5. Temperature Vs. Number Of Days Productivity (ml) Figure 5 shows the temperature vs. Number of day’s graph, with inlet and outlet temperature of water for seven days respectively, increase and decrease of temperature occur due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. 260 250 260 250 260 250 240 1 2 3 4 5 Days 6 7 Productivity FIGURE 6. Productivity Vs. Number Of Days Figure 6 shows productivity vs. Number of days for the different inlet and outlet temperature for seven days with productivity of distilled water increases and decreases due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. 020007-6 Productivity of day seven is high due to the high amount of heat generated which result in an increase in the evaporation process. Analysis of Desalination Using Double Layer Cotton Wick TABLE 3. Conventional still method using double layer wick Days Inlet Temp ( OC ) Outlet Temp ( OC ) Productivity (ml) 1 42 72 660 2 40 72 650 3 40 74 560 4 46 76 600 5 40 67 540 6 34 64 580 7 46 78 610 In double layer cotton wick the evaporator basin is provided with a double layer cotton wick and the preheated water from copper coil is tend to observed by this cotton wick for evaporation and condensation process. The results of desalination using a double layer cotton wick for the seven days are shown in Table 3. 100 TEMPERATURE (˚C) Inlet Temperature 80 72 72 74 42 2 40 40 1 2 3 78 76 60 40 Outlet Temperature 46 67 69 40 39 5 6 46 20 0 4 DAYS 7 FIGURE 7. Temperature Vs. Number Of Days Figure 7 shows the temperature vs. Number of days, it shows the inlet and outlet temperature of water for seven days respectively, with increase and decrease of temperature occur due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. 020007-7 660 650 600 Productivity (ml) 560 1 2 540 3 4 5 Days PP 580 610 6 7 FIGURE 8. Productivity Vs. Number Of Days Figure 8 shows productivity vs. Number of days, it shows the different inlet and outlet temperature for seven days, productivity of distilled water increases and decreases due to the intensity and amount of sunlight. Productivity of day one is high due to the high amount of heat generated which result in an increase in the evaporation process. Comparison of Above Three Process of Desalination In this research, we have used copper coil with vacuum chamber replacing evacuated tubes to give importanceto renewable energy resources for sustainable development. We observed that the variation in the productivity in desalinated water by experimenting with a conventional still method, using a single layer cotton wick, using a double layer cotton wick. The analysis in the Figure 9 shows the water productivity is increased by 162% over conventional still for the single layer cotton wick and the water productivity is increased by 385% over conventional still for double layer cotton wick and even the water productivity is more by 237% double layer cotton wick over single layer cotton wick. Hence we can conclude that when the solar basin is used with a double layer cotton wick will give the maximum productivity of desalinated water as compared to any of the above different methods [15]. 660 650 Productivity (ml) 560 600 540 580 610 250 260 250 240 260 250 260 160 150 140 150 160 170 160 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Days No wick Single cotton wick Double cotton wick FIGURE 9. Comparison Of Three Processes W.R.To Productivity 020007-8 RESULT In this research, we have used copper coil with vacuum chamber replacing evacuated tubes to give importanceto renewable energy resources for sustainable development. The desalination system operates in three different conditions which includes a conventional still method, using a single layer cotton wick and double layer cotton wick and one without cotton wick. TABLE 4. Average Calculation Sr. No. System Studied Avg. InletTemp Avg. OutletTemp (°C) (°C) Productivity In Avg. Of Seven Days (ml) 1. Conventional still 37.42 68.42 155.71 2. Single layer Cotton wick 37.85 68.14 252.85 3. Double layer Cotton wick 41.14 71.85 600 Thus results came out as shown in Table 4 by using conventional still it produced 155.71 ml of distilled water, whereas with the use of single and double layer cotton wick it gave 252.85 ml and 600ml of distilled water on the average calculation of seven days. The water productivity increased by 162% over solar still for single layer cotton wick and the water productivity increased by 385% over solar still for double layer cotton wick & even the water productivity more by 237% for double layer cotton wick over single layer cotton wick. CONCLUSION A Flat type solar water distillation (FSWD) setup was successfully fabricated and characterized under actual environmental conditions. Though the quantity of water was small compared to daily need of potable water, the efficiency of the distillation system can be increased by using larger absorber surfaces [16]. 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