The North-East Necropolis survey 2007-2011: methods, preliminary results and representivity

HIERAPOLIS DI FRIGIA LE ATTIVITÀ DELLE CAMPAGNE DI SCAVO E RESTAURO 2007-2011 HİERAPOLİS KAZISI Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hierapolis di Frigia Collana: Hierapolis di Frigia Ricerche, scavi e restauri diretta da Francesco D’Andria La presente pubblicazione è stata realizzata con il contributo inanziario del MIUR per il Progetto “Archeologia dei paesaggi in Anatolia: ricerche multidisciplinari a Hierapolis di Frigia e nella regione del Salbakos” (PRIN - Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale, 2008). HIERAPOLIS DI FRIGIA VIII, 1 HIERAPOLIS DI FRIGIA LE ATTIVITÀ DELLE CAMPAGNE DI SCAVO E RESTAURO 2007-2011 A CURA DI FRANCESCO D’ANDRIA MARIA PIERA CAGGIA TOMMASO ISMAELLI HİERAPOLİS KAZISI MAIER - MISSIONE ARCHEOLOGICA ITALIANA A HIERAPOLIS T.C. KÜLTÜR ve TURİZM BAKANLIĞI Hierapolis di Frigia VIII, 1 Hierapolis di Frigia Le attività delle campagne di scavo e restauro 2007-2011 a cura di Francesco D’Andria Maria Piera Caggia Tommaso Ismaelli © 2016 Ege Yayınları & Francesco D’Andria Volume VIII ISBN 978-605-9680-12-7 Volume VIII, 1 ISBN 978-605-9680-13-4 Editore Certiicato No: 14641 Copertina Ricostruzione virtuale del Santuario di San Filippo a Hierapolis (Massimo Limoncelli) Graica Zero Prod. Ltd. Stampa Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. 100. Yıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. 2. Cad. No: 202/A Bağcılar - İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 325 71 25 Fax: +90 (212) 325 61 99 Stampa Certiicato No: 29487 Produzione e Distribuzione Zero Prod. Ltd. Abdullah Sokak, No: 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul - Turkey Tel: +90 (212) 244 7521 Fax: +90 (212) 244 3209 e.mail: info@zerobooksonline.com www.zerobooksonline.com/eng Gli autori dedicano questo volume al ricordo di Maria Pia Rossignani, grati per il suo insegnamento di scienza e di vita. Indice VOLUME VIII, 1 Presentazione (F. D’Andria) Önsöz ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... XI XV F. D’Andria, Le attività della MAIER - Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hierapolis, 2007-2011, con Appendice di C. Polito ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 F. D’Andria, MAIER- İtalyan Arkeoloji Heyeti’nin Hierapolis’teki çalışmaları, 2007-2011, C. Polito’nun Ekiyle .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 APPLICAZIONE DI SISTEMI INFORMATIVI E INDAGINI TOPOGRAFICHE L. Castrianni, G. Scardozzi, Insediamenti protostorici del territorio di Hierapolis di Frigia: l’Höyük Tepe (Akköy) e l’abitato di Can Pınar .............................................................................................................................................. 35 A. Spanò, F. Chiabrando, C. Bonfanti, C. Alferi, S. Invernizzi, C. Vizzini, Fotogrammetria e laser scanning per l’architettura antica. Il caso delle Terme-Chiesa ............................................................................. 53 M. Limoncelli, Il progetto ‘Hierapolis Virtuale’: analisi integrate per lo studio dell’architettura ierapolitana. L’esempio del teatro extraurbano ............................................................................................ 77 M. Limoncelli, G. Scardozzi, Nuovi dati sugli impianti produttivi di olio e vino a Hierapolis e nel suo territorio: dallo studio tipologico alla ricostruzione tridimensionale ...................................................... 91 D.J.A. Hill, L.T. Lieng Andreadakis, S. Ahrens, The North-East Necropolis survey 2007–2011: methods, preliminary results and representivity ........................................................................................................................................ 109 LA CITTÀ ROMANA: AREA CENTRALE. IL TEATRO, IL SANTUARIO DI APOLLO E L’EDILIZIA PRIVATA C. Polito, Saggi stratigraici nell’area del Teatro ................................................................................................................................... 121 F. Masino, Alabastro e marmi per la cavea del Teatro di Hierapolis ............................................................................... 141 G. Sobrà, Nuovi elementi per la conoscenza degli ordini superiori della frontescena del Teatro di Hierapolis ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 155 P. Mighetto, F. Galvagno, “Opera felice il rimettere in posto gli elementi originari ritrovati” (Carta di Atene, cap. 4). Anastilosi e interventi di miglioramento statico del primo ordine della scaenae frons del Teatro ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 171 G. Semeraro, Ricerche nel Santuario di Apollo (2007-2011) ..................................................................................................... 191 L. Campagna, N. Sulfaro, C. Terranova, Nuove ricerche al Ninfeo del Santuario di Apollo ................ 223 T. Ismaelli, La Stoà di Marmo: nuovi dati dagli scavi della campagna 2011 e dallo studio architettonico del monumento ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 237 VIII A. Zaccaria Ruggiu, Scavi e restauri nell’insula abitativa 104 ............................................................................................... 279 P. Panarelli, Il cosiddetto “Santuario delle Sorgenti” ( Ploutonion ): le attività di scavo 2008-2011 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 293 T. Ismaelli, La tholos del Ploutonion, l’ediicio augusteo e le preesistenze ellenistiche ............................ M.T. Giannotta, Lucerne votive dal Santuario di Apollo e dal Ploutonion: scavi 1963-1972 ............. 321 355 LA CITTÀ ROMANA: L’AREA SETTENTRIONALE C. Laforest, D. Castex, Taphonomic and bio-archaeological analysis of tomb 163d at Hierapolis (North Necropolis): new clues for a palethnological interpretation ........................................... 381 S. Ahrens, J.R. Brandt, Excavations in the North-East Necropolis of Hierapolis 2007-2011 .............. 395 H. Ekstrøm Jordahl, E.M. Sund, The excavation of sarcophagus US212 in the North Necropolis at Hierapolis (2008) ................................................................................................................................................................ 415 F. Masino, G. Sobrà, Il paesaggio monumentale della Necropoli Nord: un gruppo di ediici funerari e le sue trasformazioni tra I e IV secolo d.C. ............................................................................................. 435 D. Ronchetta, La Porta di Frontino e gli ediici funerari ad essa adiacenti. Un quinquennio di indagini e scavi (2007-2011) ..................................................................................................................................... 449 A. Cerruti, F. Rossotti, Nuove ricerche sulla Porta di Frontino ............................................................................................. 463 D.S. Corritore, Uno scarico di ceramiche ellenistiche e della prima età imperiale dall’area della Porta di Frontino ............................................................................................................................................................................... 475 L. Campagna, A. Toscano Raffa, Indagini archeologiche nell’area del Ninfeo dei Tritoni .................... 489 VOLUME VIII, 2 LA CITTÀ ROMANA: L’AREA MERIDIONALE A. Anguissola, L. Bochicchio, A. Calabrò, S. Costa, La Necropoli Sud-Ovest a Hierapolis di Frigia: lo scavo della tomba di Tiberius Claudius Thalamos (S10) ........................................................................... 503 T. Ismaelli, Il Ginnasio, campagne di scavo 2007-2010 ................................................................................................................. 529 T. Ismaelli, Nuovi dati sull’architettura del Ginnasio di Hierapolis ................................................................................. 553 T. Ismaelli, M. Catania, Il restauro del Ginnasio di Hierapolis .............................................................................................. 597 T. Ismaelli, Una testa di atleta da Hierapolis, creazione afrodisiense in stile policleteo .......................... 609 LA CITTÀ CRISTIANA E BIZANTINA F. D’Andria, Gli scavi del 1974 nelle insulae 96 e 73 ....................................................................................................................... P. Arthur, Byzantine domestic housing at Hierapolis: excavations in 2008 .............................................................. 623 651 M. Leo Imperiale, “Sanctum oleum sume”. Le ampolle a eulogia di tipo microasiatico da Hierapolis di Frigia .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 663 M.P. Caggia, F. Galvagno, P. Mighetto, Il percorso processionale della collina di San Filippo. Interventi di restauro sulla scalinata e sul ponte ..................................................................................................................................... 675 M.P. Caggia, Le Terme Ottagonali e le loro trasformazioni in quartiere abitativo: osservazioni sulle fasi di età proto e mediobizantina .......................................................................................................................... 689 IX R. Caldarola, Analisi contestuale di alcune classi di materiali protobizantini rinvenuti nelle Terme Ottagonali ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 715 M.P. Caggia, Prime indagini sul terrazzo dell’Aghiasma: la Chiesa di San Filippo con Appendice di M.C. Esposito ................................................................................................................................................................................ 729 R. D’Andria, Interventi di scavo e restauro nel Martyrion di San Filippo ................................................................ 767 R. Ungaro, Nota su alcuni elementi architettonici di età romana dall’area del Santuario di San Filippo a Hierapolis .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 775 RICERCHE DI EPIGRAFIA E NUMISMATICA F. Guizzi, Un iglio di Hierapolis e due ‘monetali’ ............................................................................................................................... 799 T. Ritti, G. Scardozzi, Tra epigraia e topograia antica: nuovi documenti epigraici e ‘iscrizioni ritrovate’ dai villaggi del territorio di Hierapolis con Appendice di G. Scardozzi e M. Nocita ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 807 A. Travaglini, Le monete ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 849 ABBREVIAZIONI BIBLIOGRAFICHE .................................................................................................................................................................. 865 The North-East Necropolis survey 2007-2011: methods, preliminary results and representivity DaviD J. a. Hill, linn T. lieng anDreaDakis, sven aHrens Introduction Archaeologists from the University of Oslo have undertaken survey of the North-East Necropolis from 2007, documenting the topography, architecture, funerary art and epigraphy at the site. In 2007 a pilot survey was conducted in the upper necropolis to consider the problems and potential for future survey, to formulate research objectives and gather preliminary data. The full scale GIS survey of the necropolis conducted over three seasons between 2008 and 2010 represents the backbone to all survey activity and topographic studies. The previous mapping of the necropolis, that presented the outlines of about one ifth of the tombs and some buildings of Byzantine Hierapolis and Mediveal and Ottoman structures1, was not considered detailed enough to allow for intensive scientiic analysis of the site. Consequently the North-East Necropolis was mapped anew with the goal to include all visible funerary and non-funerary structures. This article will present the results and the methods used during the GIS survey and a discussion regarding the representivity of the data, including a few additional insights gained during the continuation of the architectural and epigraphic survey from 2011-2013. The survey area The area surveyed is referred to as the North-East Necropolis. The term is helpful in distinguishing the area from the so-called North Necropolis. The boundaries of the Northeastern Necropolis are deined by the fact that no funerary structures can be found beyond them. The area is bordered to the south and east by the gulley that runs beside the processional steps and along the city walls (ig. 1). There are no graves east of this gulley; the explanation for this might be due to public hygiene regulations as the main Castellum aquae for Hierapolis is situated there on the spur between the North-East and South-East Necropoleis2. Laws against the obstruction of aqueducts were common in the Roman Empire and several examples are known from Asia Minor3. The necropolis is further bordered by the Stoà-basilica of the North Agorà to the south-west and the gulley with the North Theatre to the north-west. Though there is no clear topographic or visible archaeological boundary to the north and east, the perimeter road north of the area offers a good artiicial boundary; only two graves have been identiied slightly 1 As presented in AtlAnte di HierApolis, fogli 14-16, 19-21. 2 On the Castellum aquae see D’anDria 2003, 183-84; D’anDria , Campagna 2006; AtlAnte di HierApolis, 107. 3 Bruun 2000, 593-594; geissler 1998, 109-115. In Asia Minor, see ivepHesos VII, 1, no. 3217b; ivnikAiA I, no. 1. A Roman law from 11 BC refers speciically also to tombs:“…ex parte quinos pedes vacuos relinqui ita ut neque monumentum in is locis neque aediicium post hoc tempus ponere,…” (FronT., Aquaed., I, 127), see geissler 1998, 103-107. 110 Fig. 1 David J. A. Hill, Linn T. Lieng Andreadakis, Sven Ahrens Map of the North-East Necropolis. beyond it and so we can assume that this line marks the furthest northern extent of the necropolis during its primary, funerary phase in the Roman period. A magnetometer survey in 2011 also concluded that the edge of the necropolis north-west of the Martyrion follows the line of the modern perimeter road. A small isolated area containing tombs between the Agorà, the Theatre and the Baths-Church has also been included in the survey, as it is more closely connected to the North-East Necropolis than to the North Necropolis. The lower part of the North-East Necropolis along the city walls is relatively level, though rising gently towards the Ottoman village or hamlet north east of the Agorà.4 The terrain then rises steeply to a ridge running parallel with and to the rear of Hierapolis. The ridge of the slope lies about 60 to 70 m above the Agorà and the gradient of the slope is between 20% and 40%. As such the hillside presents a ‘wall’ to the city below. The slope was actively used as an element in the construction and design of the necropolis, as rows of terraces were cut and built into the slope to hold rows of monumental tombs. Archaeologically the survey area does not deine a clear spatial entity within Hierapolis. The western part of the necropolis, i.e. the funerary monuments around the North Agorà formed a street of tombs along the road leading to the north-western entrance of the city. During the reign of Domitian the city area was extended to the east and the building of the Agorà in the 2nd century effectively separated this area from the necropolis along the road to Tripolis5. The original extension of this roadside necropolis towards the north-east is well deined by the oldest monuments of the necropolis, the vaulted tombs, which were probably built in the Hellenistic 4 See infra, 116-118. 5 On the city extension, see D’anDria 2001, 101-107; AtlAnte di HierApolis, 35-36; ismaelli 2009a, 445-454.