23rd International symposium »New Technologies in Contemporary Animal Production« 23. Međunarodni simpozijum »No ve tehnologije u savremenoj stočarskoj proizvodnji« Novi Sad (Serbia ), 19 - 21 Jun, 2013. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT OIL SOURCES IN BROILER CHICKENS NUTRITION* Stanaćev, S.V, Stanaćev, Ž.V., Milošević, N., Puvača, N., Milić, D., Beuković D.1 SUMMARY: The pa per investigates the effect of soybean oil, linseed and rap eseed oil on performance and carcass quality of broilers. At the be ginning of the exper iment six groups of 40 one d ay-old chicks h ybride line Cobb 500 , with five rep lica tion s were formed. Chickens were fed with three diet mix tures. During the first two weeks of prepa ration pe riod, chicken were fed with starter mixture. In experimen tal period grover mixture was used until the 35th day, and finisher mix ture un til the end of the experiment. The control group was fed a mix ture of standard composition and qual ity based on corn and soybean meal with the addition of 4% and 8% soy bean oil, while the experimen tal group included 4 % and 8 % linseed oil and 4% and 8% rapeseed oil. The exp eriment lasted 42 days. High est body weight of 2964g was re corded in male chickens on treat ment with 4% rapeseed oil, and the lowest body weight of 2440g achieve female chick ens on treatment with 8% lin seed oil. Male chickens of co ntrol and experimental group achieved a higher body mass at the end of the ex periment com pared to the co ntrol and experimental groups of fe male chicks. The dif ferences were statisti cally significant (P<0 .01). Feed con version ratio was low est in the group with the addi tion of 8% linseed and rapeseed oil. Key words: soybean oil, lin seed oil, rape seed oil, carcass quality, broilers Intoduction When speak ing of human nutrition and its im pact on the quality and length of life, it is not said without reason that the human is old, as his vessels is old. It has been shown that heart and blood ves sels dis eases as well as the oc currence of ath eroscle ro sis, are direct con sequence of the in troduction of prod ucts of animal origin in nu trition with a high con tent of lip ids rich in satu rated fatty acids, which are the main cause of these dis eases. For these rea sons, in recent years, re search programs fo cused on health y food that is enriched in polyun saturated fatty ac ids, particu larly ω-3 fatty ac ids, by expressing positive effects on hu man health [2, 3, 4, 8, 9]. Spe cial attention is focused to ex amining the influ ence of the source and amount of oil to increase the inten sity, the efficiency of feed utiliza tion , carcass quality and meat quality of chickens. In this way research are co nducted Lopez-Ferrer et al. [5] and found that the 2 and 4% linseed oil in diets for broil ers, with the addition of tallow to 8% affects the fatty acid compo sition o f tis sue, while the pro duction param e ters showed minor differences between treatments. The carcass weight and meat qual ity be tween the groups were not sig nificant. How ever, th e results of Bartos et al. [1] show a nega tive effect of 6% of linseed oil in broiler nutrition on carcass q uality. The introduction of 3% rape seed oil in the diet of broiler chickens showed a sig nificant increase in body weight com pared with the control group, while the difference in mass of the liver, white and red meat were not significant [7]. Addition of rape seed oil in the mix ture for broiler chickens nutrition, d ecreased the lipid con tent in the edible parts, particularly saturated fatty acids in white meat and liver, as well as a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid content of red and white meat, liver, and gizzard [10, 6]. Feeding chick ens with rape seed oil at a rate of 4% re sult in high er body weight at the end of fattening period, while chick ens with the ad dition of 4% linseed o il had a higher concentra tion of fat in the liver, com pared with chickens that consumed the same amount of rapeseed oil [6 ]. The research of Stanaćev et al. [9], which aimed to in ves tigate the effect of different vegeta ble oils in the diet of broiler chickens, was concluded that the use of 4 and 8% linseed and rape seed oil does not show significant differences in produc tion parame ters and carcass quality, while th e most efficient use of feed (0.52 and 2.69%) was recorded in the treatments with 4 and 8% rape seed oil, as well increased feed con version ratio (5.03 and 2.07%) in the treat ments with 4 and 8% linseed oil. Hawing in mind aforemen tioned aim of the re search was to examine the produc tion parame ters and car cass quality of broilers separated by gender fed with differ ent amounts of soybean, lin seed and rapeseed oil. Matherial and Methodes Trials were conducted under produ ction conditions on th e experimen tal farm “Pustara” in Temerin, on the floor system posture. At the beginning of the ex periment, six groups of 40 one day-old chicks hybrid line Cobb 500, with five replications were formed. Chickens were fed with three diet mixtures. Dur ing the first two weeks of preparation 1 Vidica Stanaćev, PhD, Full Professor, Niko Milošević, PhD, Full Professor, Nikola Puvača, MSc, research assistant, Dejan Beuković, MSc, research assisitant, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia. Vladislav Stanaćev, MSc, Dragan Milić, PhD, Perutnina Ptuj – Topiko a.d, Bačka Topola, Serbia. Corresponding author: Vidica Stanaćev, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; E-mail: vidica.stanacev@stocarstvo.edu.rs; Phone: +381 21 485-3497. * The paper is part of the projects TR 31033 and III 46012, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Serbia. 229 period, chick en were fed with starter mix ture. In experi mental period grover mix ture was used until the 35th day, and finisher mixture until the end of the experiment. The control group was fed a mixture of standard com position and q uality b ased on corn and soy bean meal with the ad dition of 4% and 8% soy bean oil, while the experimental group includ ed 4% and 8% linseed oil and 4% and 8% rapeseed oil (Table 1). The experiment lasted 42 days. During the ex perimental pe riod, chickens were fed and wa tered ad libitum, and microclimatic conditions was con stantly monitored. Control of body weigh t gain and feed con sumption was car ried out every seven days. At the end of the exper iment, 10 chickens (5 male and 5 fe male) from each group were sacrificed for the purpose of testing the car cass quality. After sac rificed op era tion such as blooding out, scalding, plucking, eviscera tion and cooling were per formed. Then, classi cally processed carcasses were cut on the ba sic ana tom ical parts and mea sured (Regula tions: Sl. List SFRJ, No.1/81 and 51/88). Evalu ations were conducted on the ba sis of yield and weight of cer tain body parts. For proper in terpretation of the re sults, appropriate sta tis tical methods ANOVA and Tacky test within software package STATISTICA 12 were used. Table 1. Experimen tal desing with chickens Group and Treatment Control, I (T5) Control, II (T6) Oil source Soybean Soybean In grover mixture 4% 8% In finisher mixture 4% 8% III (T1) Linseed 4% 4% IV (T2) Linseed 8% 8% V (T3) Rapeseed 4% 4% VI (T4) Rapeseed 8% 8% Re sults and Discusion Based on the ob tained re sults it can be concluded that the introduction of different so urces and amount of vegetable oils in the diet of broilers did not af fect the intensity of growth. At the end of the experimen tal period of 42 days, the highest body weight of 2964g have achieved male chickens on treat ment with 4% rapeseed oil, which is 0.85% higher than in control group with soy oil and the lowest body weight was in chicken s of VI group on treat ment T4 with 8% rapeseed oil with 2879g or 1.81% com pared to the con trol group (Table 2). When it comes to fe male chicks, it is ob served that the treatment with 4% linseed oil was the most effec tive, with a body weight of 2504g. Lowest weight of chickens was in group IV with 8% lin seed (2440g). Male chickens of the control and ex perimental group achieved a higher body mass at the end of the experiment com pared to the control and experimen tal groups of female chicks. The differences were statisti cally sig nificant (P<0 .01). Growth depres sion of both gen ders is poorly expressed. Growth depres sion of male chickens in the treatments T1, T2 and T4 was 0.24; 0.69 and 1.81% in a row, wh ile the growth depres sion of fe male chicks in treatments T2, T3 and T4 was 1.74; 0.05 and 1.09%. Treat ments T3 of male chickens and T1 of fe male chicks were superior to 0.85 and 0 .64% compared to the control group , but the differences were not statis tically signifi cant. Analyses of vari ance and Tack y post-hoc test showed no statis tically sign ificant differences be tween the groups of male and female chickens, while the differ ences between the genders ( and ) was statisticaly significant (P<0.01). Table 2. Body weight of chickens on 42 days of age, sep arated by the gen der, g Grupa, tretman i količina ulja Age of chicens (week) and Control, I (T5) Control, II (T6) III (T1) IV (T2) gender 4%-Soybean 8%- Soybean 4%- Linseed 8%- Linseed A B C D 6,  2939 ±244.69 2932 ±233.19 2932 ±284.47 2912 ±209.29 Index, % 100 100 99.76 99.31 6,  2488A±180.44 2483 B±191.58 2504C±230.72 2440D±196.41 Index, % 100 100 100.64 98.26 V (T3) 4%- Rapeseed E 2964 ±221.58 100.85 2487E±182.30 99.95 VI (T4) 8%- Rapeseed F 2879 ±244.72 98.19 2456F±186.28 98.91 The same c apital letters in the same col umn = highly signif icant (P<0.01) Feed conver sion ra tio was lowest in the group with the addition of 8% linseed oil (1.83) then rape seed (1.85) and highest in the control g roup with the addition of 8% soybean oil (2.09). In groups with 4% oil, the high est con versio n was in the control g roup with the ad dition of soybean oil (1.87), and lowest in the group with rape seed oil (1.83) and lin seed oil (1.85). Aver age val ues of carcass mass, dress ing percentage and mass of cer tain carcasses parts of male and female chick ens, shown in Tables 3 and 4 suggest that there is very little difference in the tested pa rameters and the influ ence of diet treatment on yield and carcass quality which was n ot statis tically signifi cant (P>0.05), nor was no dif ference in the quality of the carcass between the control and ex perimen tal groups. When its co mes to valuable car cass parts (th ighs and drum sticks), heaviest thighs was in male chickens at treatment T2 (283.6 g), and drum stick in treatment T1 (351.8 g) and as female chicks in treatment T3 (223.2 g) and T2 (299.6 g). When it co mes to breasts, the larg est mass have been recorded in both males and fe males in treat ment T1 with the addition of 4% lin seed oil (850.6 and 72 5.6 g). Since the carcass quality de termines the amount of abdom inal fat, it is long pro ven that fe male chick ens hav e a higher amount of abdomi nal fat than male chick ens what is confirmed by the present study. 230 The largest amount of abdo minal fat (33.8 g) was in group of fe male chicks sup plemented with 8% linseed oil, and lowest in the group of male chickens sup ple mented with 8% rape seed oil (17.4 g). Table 3. Carcass quality of male chick ens on 42 days of age, g Group and Treatment Control, I (T5) Control, II (T6) III (T1) Amount of oil 4%-Soybean 8%- Soybean 4%- Linseed Weight of chicken, g Live weight, g 2936 2882 2966 Carcass weight, g 2479.14 2432.34 2458.41 Ready for grill, g 2091.4 2042.2 2066.6 Dressing, % 71.23 70.86 69.67 Wings 220.6±8.14 221.4±15.61 217.8±10.2 Thighs 260.6±10.50 273.4±27.02 222.6±111.94 Drumstick 336.2±11.38 328.0±21.92 351.8±24.52 Breasts 809.4±67.52 749.6±38.66 850.6±78.60 Back 453.2±22.08 435.8±25.89 448.6±12.85 Abdominal fat 24.2±6.76 17.6±6.11 23.8±7.53 IV (T2) V (T3) VI (T4) 8%- Linseed 4%- Rapeseed 8%- Rapeseed 2916 2419.98 2038.6 69.91 193.4±40.67 283.6±9.23 333.4±21.57 770.4±60.00 461.4±31.69 30.0±7.96 2950 2461.40 2080.0 70.50 218.6±7.19 262.4±9.91 342.8±28.49 790.8±46.01 452.0±14.96 23.6±12.75 2876 2383.04 2008.2 69.82 223.4±9.55 282.0±16.44 325.2±18.26 761.6±40.69 446.4±13.39 17.4±7.16 Table 4. Carcass quality of female chickens on 42 days of age, g Group and Treatment Control, I (T5) Control, II (T6) Amount of oil 4%-Soybean 8%- Soybean Weight of chicken, g Live weight, g 2512 2536 Carcass weight, g 2151.51 2195.36 Ready for grill, g 1820.8 1841.8 Dressing, % 72.48 72.62 Wings 183.2±10.63 179.4±11.10 Thighs 211.8±17.79 204.6±11.92 Drumstick 273.0±12.82 271.0±13.79 Breasts 723.6±52.52 672.6±64.14 Back 375.4±21.55 370.4±14.77 Abdominal fat 26.4±7.30 26.4±11.32 III (T1) 4%- Linseed IV (T2) V (T3) VI (T4) 8%- Linseed 4%- Rapeseed 8%- Rapeseed 2482 2113.82 1772.0 71.39 188.0±8.57 220.2±8.70 283.4±17.32 725.6±57.03 403.6±19.51 27.8±7.59 2508 2135.27 1798.8 71.72 183.8±8.07 219.4±7.53 299.6±16.87 724.4±45.25 414.6±30.46 33.8±11.12 2502 2079.72 1767.0 70.62 187.8±12.13 223.2±19.13 292.0±26.35 682.2±75.44 386.8±31.04 30.0±5.95 2384 2013.28 1698.0 71.22 184.8±8.84 220.0±9.92 296.8±16.51 691.6±45.83 405.6±44.94 32.0±6.51 Con clusion Based on the gained results it can be concluded that the u se of 4 and 8% linseed and rape seed oil showing no statistically significant differences within the same gender in produc tion parame ters and carcass quality, compared to a control group that re ceived 4 to 8% of so ybean oil in the diet. 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