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Mortality arising from cardiovascular diseases among the workforce in developing countries has been reported to be about twice as high as the mortality in developed countries and tends to occur much earlier than in the developed... more
Mortality arising from cardiovascular diseases among the workforce in developing countries has been reported to be about twice as high as the mortality in developed countries and tends to occur much earlier than in the developed countries. A nested case-control study design was employed. The mean age of the respondents was 34 ± 9.7 years. The respondents were mostly males (90.6%), 65.1% were married and 83.1% were of the Yoruba ethnicity. Majority of the respondents (67.3%) were Christians and 83.7% had secondary education and above. Age, marital status, salary grade and religion were statistically associated with CVD status (p < 0.05). Being an office worker, earning the lowest income, being less than 50 years of age were significant predictors of CVD risk factors (p<0.05). Educational and behavioural intervention need to be implemented to encourage adoption of healthy lifestyle so as to reduce the cardiovascular risk factors among workers.
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Assessing the adaptable capability of tree plants to air and soil pollution is an important task, because of nowadays increasing technogenic pollution and global warming trend of climate change. Plants are well known with their ability to... more
Assessing the adaptable capability of tree plants to air and soil pollution is an important task, because of nowadays increasing technogenic pollution and global warming trend of climate change. Plants are well known with their ability to absorb, filtrate, localized air contaminations, and mitigate the adverse effect of pollution. The goal of study is to estimate the adaptability of Acer saccharinum L. to industrial air pollution through observation of the leaf blade structure modifications. Under conditions of industrial air contamination has been registered reduction of lamina surfaces. The leaf blade structure of Acer saccharinum L. is characterized with high coefficient of palisadness naturally (65%). In conditions of industrial pollution silver maple developed thicker cutin (p < 0.05), smaller epidermal cells (p < 0.05) and expanded photosynthetic mesophyll tissue (p < 0.0001), which strengthen the capacity of plant to overcome the adverse conditions. The high coefficient of palisadness, the preserved thickness of cuticle, accompanied with the adapt alterations of mesophyll; provide a reason to classify silver maple as species with high pliability and as a tolerant to environmental stress. Acer saccharinum L. is a suitable for building green belts around areas with adverse emissions and for urban forestry.
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Ultraviolet photons of KrF-laser (λ = 248 nm) were used for the synthesis of nanometric chromium oxide films with variable thickness, stoichiometry and electrical properties. The synthesis was based on reactive pulsed laser deposition... more
Ultraviolet photons of KrF-laser (λ = 248 nm) were used for the synthesis of nanometric chromium oxide films with variable thickness, stoichiometry and electrical properties. The synthesis was based on reactive pulsed laser deposition (RPLD). Film deposition was carried out on <100>Si substrate in the range 293-800 K. XRD analysis showed evidence of films deposited on Si substrate had polycrystalline structure. All films demonstrated semiconductor temperature behaviour with variable band gap (E g) less than 1.0 eV, depending on substrate temperature, oxygen pressure in the reactor and film thickness. Film thickness (55-200 nm) depended on oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and the number of laser pulses. It was found out the optimum oxygen pressure and substrate temperature when thermo electromotive force coefficient (Seebeck coefficient, S) was high as 3.0-8.0 mV/K and, accordingly, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) was high as 0.23-5.0 in the range 280-330 K. This ...
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The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials... more
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
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Interest in the epidemiology of TB was triggered by the re-emergence of tuberculosis in the early 1990’s with the advent of HIV and falling economic status of many people which subjected them to poverty. The dual lethal combination of HIV... more
Interest in the epidemiology of TB was triggered by the re-emergence of tuberculosis in the early 1990’s with the advent of HIV and falling economic status of many people which subjected them to poverty. The dual lethal combination of HIV and poverty triggered an unprecedented TB epidemic. In this study, we focused on the period 2000-2013 and all the notified data in Kenya was included. Data on estimates of TB incidence, prevalence and mortality was extracted from the WHO global Tuberculosis database. Data was analysed to produce trends for each of the years and descriptive statistics were calculated. The results showed that there was an average decline of 5% over the last 8 years with the highest decline being reported in the year 2012/13. TB continues to disproportionately affect the male gender with 58% being male and 42% being female. Kenya has made significant efforts to address the burden of HIV among TB patients with cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) uptake reaching 98% AND ART at 74% by the end of 2013. Kenya’s TB epidemic has evolved over time and it has been characterised by a period where there was increase in the TB cases reaching a peak in the year 2007 after which there was a decline which began to accelerate in the year 2011. The gains in the decline of TB could be attributed in part to the outcomes of integrating TB and HIV services and these gains should be sustained. What is equally notable is the clear epidemiologic shift in age indicating reduced transmission in the younger age groups.
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Experimental analysis of drinking water treatment sludge revealed that it is enriched with aluminum and silicon oxides which are the most metal oxides used in reclamation of transformer insulating oils. The potential use of inexpensive... more
Experimental analysis of drinking water treatment sludge revealed that it is enriched with aluminum and silicon oxides which are the most metal oxides used in reclamation of transformer insulating oils. The potential use of inexpensive and available water treatment dry sludge as sorbent material for the removal of acidity, water content and some impurities from aged transformer oil by adsorption methodology was investigated using lab-scale refining unit. Dry sludge was found to improve the electrical and physical properties of aged transformer oils.High improvement of breakdown voltage occurs after using dry sludge reclaimed transformer oil and changed from 15 to 72 kV/ cm. Also some improvements have been achieved such as water content changed from 48 to 9 ppm and total acidity changed from 0.37 to 0.01mg KOH/g of oil.Viscosity, specific gravitywere improved. Also, some undesirable gases in aged oil(more than ten years in service) were removed. Furthermore the use of dry sludge as sorbent material renders the treated oil to some extent like new one. Also Dry sludge is available at any water treatment plant with no costs (waste product). Environmentally, after sludge reclamation process for the used transformer oil, the sludge can be recycled by ignition and used in further treatment processes.
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Although rural development has been a priority area for external donors its importance has increased in the second half of the last 50 years as concerns about food security, the population explosion, environment and climatic changes, as... more
Although rural development has been a priority area for external donors its importance has increased in the second half of the last 50 years as concerns about food security, the population explosion, environment and climatic changes, as well as poverty, equality and social justice have come to be increasingly perceived as being in the purview of global, rather than national policy agendas. Rural development stood at the cross-cutting path of these concerns. However, the multiplicity of the objectives which rural development was expected to achieve often deprived it of a central focus and often contributed to its failure. It is well experimented through various strategic interventions by both developed and developing countries and highlights the various paradigm shifts in the rural development concepts. Rural development generally denotes economic development and community development actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in non-urban neighborhood, remote villages. Against this backdrop, the paper, examine the changing global trends in rural development and further it explores the potential areas of rural sector as a growth engine towards inclusive development.
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Re-engineering agricultural education is the re-thinking and radical redesign/ renovation of agricultural education concepts, policies, structures and strategies aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the performance of agriculture;... more
Re-engineering agricultural education is the re-thinking and radical redesign/ renovation of agricultural education concepts, policies, structures and strategies aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the performance of agriculture; and reflecting current changes in human and society development. This work reviews the present structure of agricultural education and practice in Nigeria; identifies the needed changes in the understanding of agriculture such as school agricultural science curriculum and delivery, gender disparity in school enrolment and extension work, agricultural policy and infrastructures. Recommendations for a holistic and integrated agriculture policy and policy consistency, planning of the educational process, teacher education, improvement of school enrolment and extension services, utilization of information communication technology and strategic partnership were made for national development.
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Agriculture has changed dramatically, with food and fiber productivity soaring due to new technologies, specialization and government policies. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labor demands to produce the majority of the... more
Agriculture has changed dramatically, with food and fiber productivity soaring due to new technologies, specialization and government policies. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labor demands to produce the majority of the food. It is in this context that the concept of “sustainable agriculture” has come into existence. The severity of climate change has motivated strong scientific inquiry within the past decade. These mysteries have largely to do with the unpredictability of climate change, which varies widely across the globe. Many scientists argue that climate impacts are best understood on a regional scale. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to assess regional impacts of climate change due to various reasons. The tools at the disposal of those interested in building up resilience to climate change are therefore often limited, but some degree of speculation can be achieved through research. This paper aims to: investigate the potential impacts of climate change on Canadian agriculture, and assess the possible effects of these changes on the prevalence of sustainable agriculture. The paper concludes that while few predictions have been made on the specific impacts of climate change on sustainable agriculture, possible scenarios can be speculated based on the multitude of climate change studies.
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The study examined the usefulness of applying informal product-based training in Ugandan Universities with an aim of cultivating patriotism in their products. Identified study practices included patriotic clubs, cultural, and peer... more
The study examined the usefulness of applying informal product-based training in Ugandan Universities with an aim of cultivating patriotism in their products. Identified study practices included patriotic clubs, cultural, and peer associations. The study was carried out in central Uganda between 2013 and 2015. The study sample was drawn from 8 private and public Universities in Uganda which included: Makerere University, Ndejje University, Uganda Martyrs University Nkozi, Uganda Christian University Mukono, Kampala International University, Kampala University, and Muteesa I Royal University, and Cavendish University. The study findings were collected using questionnaires and analysed descriptively and using the Chi-Square test. The findings showed that the identified informal product-based training practices were not used at all. The study recommended that informal product practices should be adopted both in the management and extracurricular University activities so as to cultivate and enhance patriotism.
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Studies on cellulose degrading microorganisms associated with rumen of ruminants was carried out from ruminants (ram, cow, and goat), through culture, microscopic identification, Biochemical test and cellulose degrading methods. In the... more
Studies on cellulose degrading microorganisms associated with rumen of ruminants was carried out from ruminants (ram, cow, and goat), through culture, microscopic identification, Biochemical test and cellulose degrading methods. In the rumen content of ram four bacteria were isolated Bacteriodes and Staphylococcus had the highest percentage (33.3%) each while Veillonella and Bacillus had 16.6% each. Seven bacteria were isolated from cow with Streptococcus having (22.2%) Staphylococcus (22.2%), while Bacteroides, Yersinia, Peptococcus, Nesseria and Bacillus had equal distribution. Goat had eight bacteria including Bacteroides, Clostridium, Yersinia, Staphylococcus, Homofermentative Lactobacillus Alcaligens and Bacillus all of which had equal distribution. Bacteroides and Bacillus are common in all rumens, with Bacteroides, being more prevalent in the ram. study revealed that ruminants harbors various organisms that are active cellulose degraders, out of which Bacteroides specie grow best on cellulose agar. For fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus highly degrades cellulose, Scopulariopsis candida degrades minimally. The study revealed that ruminants harbors various organisms that are active cellulose degraders, out of which Bacteroides specie grow best on cellulose agar. Therefore, Rumen should be used as a site for isolation of micro organisms capable of cellulose hydrolysis in order to reduce the coast of purchasing commercial enzymes
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The study was conducted to determine influence of cowpea and soybean intercropping pattern and time of planting on yield and Gross Monetary Value (GMV) of sorghum. The treatments were included two legume crops, two time of planting, three... more
The study was conducted to determine influence of cowpea and soybean intercropping pattern and time of planting on yield and Gross Monetary Value (GMV) of sorghum. The treatments were included two legume crops, two time of planting, three planting patterns of legumes and sole crops (sorghum, soybean and cowpea). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replication. Sorghum/soybean cropping system reduced sorghum grain yield by 23.9% where as sorghum/cowpea reduced by grain yield by 40.3%. The highest LER (1.55) and the lowest LER (1.19) was recorded in sorghum/soybean and sorghum/cowpea intercropping system. Highest gross monetary benefit (20561 Ethiopian birr) accrued from planting two rows of cowpea with the first weeding of sorghum in between the two rows of sorghum. However, it was at par with simultaneous planting of cowpea in double alternate plants within sorghum plants along with two rows of cowpea in between sorghum rows and two rows of soybean planted in between two rows of sorghum with first weeding of sorghum. Legumes crop soybean and cowpea should involved in sorghum cropping either simultaneously planting or sowing at first weeding or hoeing of sorghum.
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Environment pollution hazard awareness is required for less industrialized countries which are faced with increasing periurban agriculture practice however. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were characterized around Abidjan city (Bingerville,... more
Environment pollution hazard awareness is required for less industrialized countries which are faced with increasing periurban agriculture practice however. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were characterized around Abidjan city (Bingerville, Port-Bouët and Yopougon) in soil, perched ground water and vegetable crops (Hibiscus and sweet potato). Total amounts and speciations of metals were determined respectively. The sites were mainly differing with pH observed at Yopougon characterized by highest soil content of Pb (40 mg kg-1). In contrast with the low soil contents of metals, plant contaminations were observed in the root for Cd and Pb at Yopougon and Port-Bouët sites respectively with variance involving above and below ground organs as specific contamination of Hibiscus or sweet potato. Skeleton fractions as exchangeable (F1) and carbonate bound (F2) were characterizing these contaminations although additional fraction as oxide bound (F3) Cd and organic (F4) Pb were required respectively for effectiveness. The non-polluted perched groundwater pH, Eh, temperature and O2 concentration were likely concerned by these fractions availability beside that of residual fraction (F5) of Cd. Enhance isomorphic substitution of anionic Pb forms transforming F2 into F5 and the cationic substitutions between Cd and Pb were suggested for pollution management.
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In order to describe general motions and matter in space, functions for angular velocity and density are assumed and denoted Avd, as an abbreviation. The framework provides a unified approach to motions at different scales. It is analysed... more
In order to describe general motions and matter in space, functions for angular velocity and density are assumed and denoted Avd, as an abbreviation. The framework provides a unified approach to motions at different scales. It is analysed how Avd enters and rules, in terms of results from equations, in field experiments and observations at Earth. Chaos may organize according to Avd, such that more order, Cosmos, appear in complex nonlinear dynamical systems. This reveals that Avd may be governing and that deterministic systems can be created without assuming boundaries and conditions for initial values and forces from outside. A mathematical model for the initiation of Logos (when a paper accelerates into a narrow circular orbit), was described, and denoted local implosion; Li. The theorem for dl, provides discrete solutions to a power law, and this is related to locations of satellites and moons.
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A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm)... more
A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
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Sweet potato plays a significant role in increasing food security and income for the poor farmers of Bangladesh. Sweet potato is mostly grown in the marginal lands of Bangladesh during the period of October to February. It is consumed in... more
Sweet potato plays a significant role in increasing food security and income for the poor farmers of Bangladesh. Sweet potato is mostly grown in the marginal lands of Bangladesh during the period of October to February. It is consumed in different forms e.g. boiled, fries and roasted. Sometimes it is also eaten as a vegetable in curry. The value chain of sweet potato is not well organized in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to analyze the existing value chain of sweet potato in two selected districts of Bangladesh. Quota sampling technique was used to select the samples and primary data were collected through Individual Interview (II), Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) by using structured, open and close ended Questionnaires and check list. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analysis the data. Core value chain actors in sweet potato value chain are input seller, farmers, local trader, retailer and consumers. Mostly farmer cultivates local variety of sweet potato and get a profit around BDT (Bangladesh currency) 30,000 per acre of land. Local trader collects sweet potato both from farmer’s field and local market. There are no fixed traders or retailers of sweet potato in the study area. They mostly sell sweet potato along with other vegetables in both urban and local big market. Analysis found that both the trader and retailer gets BDT 3 profit margin by selling 1 kg of sweet potato. No sweet potato processing company was found in Bangladesh though there are huge possibilities and potentials of it in both rural and urban market.
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The aim was to see the effect of pregnancy on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in the immediate postpartum period and 12 months thereafter. Eighty women delivered at KAUH (May 2009-Oct 2010) had BMD, bone... more
The aim was to see the effect of pregnancy on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in the immediate postpartum period and 12 months thereafter. Eighty women delivered at KAUH (May 2009-Oct 2010) had BMD, bone profile, 25-OH vitamin D and (BTMs). Inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy without medical or pregnancy complications. Exclusion criteria: multiple pregnancies, history of diabetes thyroid or bone disease, and use of any medication that affect calcium metabolism. Biochemical tests were repeated for 27 women after one year. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16. Eighty women had BMD before discharge. Sixty four women (80%) had low BMD; sixteen of these (25%) had osteoporosis. Although bone profiles were normal, Vitamin D levels were moderately or severely deficient in 35.37% of women. After adjustment for BMI and age there was no correlation between BMD and other variables. Multiple linear regressions showed that BMI was the predictor for BMD (P=0.0014). There was no significant difference between postpartum bone BTMs and bone profiles, and those after twelve months.
Osteoporosis/ osteopenia is a significant health problem in this group of women. Further studies are needed to look into predisposing factors.
Osteoporosis/ osteopenia is a significant health problem in this group of women. Further studies are needed to look into predisposing factors.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of roasted soybean seed (RSS) with sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) on growth performances of broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chicks were... more
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of roasted soybean seed (RSS) with sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) on growth performances of broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments consisting of a control diet (T1) and those containing SPLM at the levels of 30 g/kg (T2), 60 g/kg (T3), 90 g/kg (T4) and 120 g/kg (T5) replacing the RSS of the control diet. Each treatment diet was replicated four times with ten chicks each. The average feed intake of birds was (P<0.05) higher in chickens reared in T1 than those of other treatments. The average individual final body weight was higher (P<0.05) in chickens fed with T1 (1536g) than those of T2 (1412g), T4 (1426g) and T5 (1400g) diets. The average individual daily weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in chickens fed with T1 (31.7g), than those of T2 (28.7g), T4 (28.9g) and T5 (28.5g). The daily gain did not vary between T1 and T3 (30.3g). Chickens fed with T3 and T4 diets had (P<0.05) higher CP retention than those of T1 diet. In conclusion, chickens fed with T1 and T3 diets had better body weight and gain compared to other treatment diets. The feed intake decreased with increasing levels of SPLM suggesting the substitution of roasted soybean with higher levels may not be beneficial for broiler chickens.
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This study estimates blueberry consumer reaction to a potential honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) management strategy; increased reliance upon native pollinators like the common Eastern Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens). A survey of... more
This study estimates blueberry consumer reaction to a potential honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) management strategy; increased reliance upon native pollinators like the common Eastern Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens). A survey of 498 consumers was conducted using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Respondents were asked to rate on a scale of 1 to 5, four different blueberry “packages” each containing five attributes; price, pollination method (native bee, commercial honey bee), fresh or frozen, produced in or out of state and variety (wild, cultivated). Statistical analysis suggests that the average consumer surveyed was willing to pay between $0.51 and $0.74 extra per dry liter for native pollination. Consumer willingness to pay of $0.51 extra per dry liter for an average hectare of blueberries was conservatively 1.75 times the annual cost per hectare for producers to plant wildflower pastures for native bees. Consequently, native pollination may be an economically viable alternative for blueberry producers facing the consequences of CCD and other causes of increased honey bee colony losses.
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This paper is a review of various articles and documents on development of waste management approaches in industries. It provides information on advancement of waste management approaches as human awareness to environment increases and... more
This paper is a review of various articles and documents on development of waste management approaches in industries. It provides information on advancement of waste management approaches as human awareness to environment increases and demonstrates the benefits of proactive waste management measures in industries. Most polluting industries in the world were established by the time the earth had the capacity to provide raw materials and absorb wastes. However, with increasing industrialization and urbanization virgin raw materials seriously declined and waste loads dramatically increased. As a result waste management strategies progressively evolved. In 1960s waste avoidance measures through foul and flee, dilute and disperse, concentrate and contain; in 1970s purification units at the end of emission pipes; in 1980s resource recovery through recycling and energy saving strategies were used as solutions to the problem of wastes on the environment. Furthermore, from 1990s onwards proactive measures by Cleaner Production technologies focusing on the source of waste generation to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes into valuable resources became the best solution for sustainable management of wastes and to enhance the performance of industries. Cleaner production technologies assured marvelous evidences for sustainable development by allowing industries to produce more efficiently and gain incredible economic, environmental and social benefits with less input utilization and less environmental impacts.
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Teachers used video projector in the classroom training. The aim of this research was to compare the students’ attitude, knowledge and practice about food health laboratory in conventional lecture and Video projector methods. In this... more
Teachers used video projector in the classroom training. The aim of this research was to compare the students’ attitude, knowledge and practice about food health laboratory in conventional lecture and Video projector methods. In this quasi-experimental study; we grouped 40sophomore students of Environmental Health School, Islamic Azad University, and Tehran Medical Sciences Branch in Iran Country into two groups in April 2014. We collected the data by a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic (5) and food health laboratory (29) questions that used four-point Liker scales. We collected and measured the students’ knowledge and practice about food health laboratory in two groups by using pre and post-test. We analyzed the collected data by SPSS 18 software. The mean scores of the lecture and video projector groups were 10.95±5.28 (2-21), and 11.7±5.21 (6-24), respectively; the difference between the pre-test scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Knowledge scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Students’ practice in video projector method was higher than lecture method. The results indicated that the video projector was more efficacious, and more economic in enhancing the students' knowledge rate. This method led to increasing the students’ knowledge, and practice, it might be applied as a surrogate for traditional training such as lecture method in universities of medical sciences in the country.
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The effects of acid treatment on some soil properties were investigated to assess the fertility of soils in both acid and non-acidic media. Six soil samples were collected around the Benue State University Makurdi. Each of the samples was... more
The effects of acid treatment on some soil properties were investigated to assess the fertility of soils in both acid and non-acidic media. Six soil samples were collected around the Benue State University Makurdi. Each of the samples was divided into equal halves, the first half was leached with 0.1M HCl solution then washed with deionised water until it tested negative to 0.1M AgNO3 solution. Both soil samples were analysed; the soil pH in distilled water was 4.85-5.24 and 2.68-2.94 for the untreated and the treated soils respectively. The pH in 1M KCl of treated and untreated soils ranged from 2.10-2.22 and 3.60-4.00 respectively. An increase in exchangeable acidity of the soils was observed from 0.6-0.90 for the untreated and 3.50-5.50 for the treated samples. Acid treatment lowered the total exchangeable bases from the range 2.09-11.77 to 0.62-2.25. The values of effective cation exchange capacity of the acid treated soil samples were lower than those of the untreated samples. Titratable acidity in each case was lower than exchangeable acidity. The results reveal that soils with high acid content have lower capacity for cations than soils with low acid content hence are less valuable for cultivation.
Keywords: Soil, fertility, exchangeable, cation, capacity, complex, nutrients
Keywords: Soil, fertility, exchangeable, cation, capacity, complex, nutrients
This study was carried out between February 2014 and January 2015 to investigate the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. populations along Kwa Falls and Rhoko river in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, in... more
This study was carried out between February 2014 and January 2015 to investigate the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. populations along Kwa Falls and Rhoko river in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, in relation to the strain of Onchocerca volvulus transmitted in the study area. Two fly boys working on shift of 6 hours captured Simulium flies settling on them for blood meals by inverting specimen vials over them. Simulium flies were preserved in 70% ethanol and transported to the Biological Science Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, for entomological studies. Of the 265 Simulium species studied, 29 species were identified as savanna-dwellers, 98 species as transition zone dwellers and 138 species as forest-dwellers. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in the wing tufts colour but no significant difference (p>0.05) between blackflies from these rivers. Mean thorax/antenna ratios of 2.4143, 1.9673, and 2.033 were recorded for savanna dwellers, transition zone dwellers and forest species respectively. Based on the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. studied, it could be inferred that there are likely four Simulium sibling species related to Simulium sirbanum, S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. damnosum sensu stricto in the study area.
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The traditional cytogenetic karyotyping and its adjunct method fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in many clinical settings. Here we evaluated their accuracy in a University... more
The traditional cytogenetic karyotyping and its adjunct method fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in many clinical settings. Here we evaluated their accuracy in a University hospital in China. Cytogenetic analysis was used to detect 23 pairs of chromosomes and FISH analysis was carried out to examine chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. In 2930 cases, 2928 cases generated karyotype results and 193 cases are abnormal karyotypes (including 114 cases of chromosomal numerical abnormality and 79 cases of structural chromosomal abnormality). FISH analysis confirmed 114 cases of chromosomal numerical abnormality. Karyotyping coupled with FISH can make rapid and accurate diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations. Therefore, our data is helpful in studying relationships between genetic disorders, especially the chromosomal abnormalities with possible birth defects in Zhejiang Province, China.
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In the present work, date syrup and date fruit soaked water as alternative carbon source for biomass production of Bacillus megaterium as model organism was optimized. Maximum biomass production was obtained on 2.8, 4.1 g/l for molasses... more
In the present work, date syrup and date fruit soaked water as alternative carbon source for biomass production of Bacillus megaterium as model organism was optimized. Maximum biomass production was obtained on 2.8, 4.1 g/l for molasses and date fruits soaked respectively. This source was substantially greater than could be attained on media that used various other carbon sources. The optimal medium for producing the biomass was a mineral medium formulated with 8% of date syrup as the carbon source and 0.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4as the nitrogen source. At optimal fermentation time of 48 hrs, at 30oC.Water soaked and date syrup can be used to inexpensively produce biomassin batch fermentations using B. megaterium as phosphorus solubilizing soil bacteria. Farther more studies should be focused on agriculture cheapest sources as nature alternatives for carbon ear nitrogen sources.
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The experiment was conducted to see the phosphorus (P) mineralization pattern of bioslurry under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurry (cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry) and their original manure (cowdung and... more
The experiment was conducted to see the phosphorus (P) mineralization pattern of bioslurry under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurry (cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry) and their original manure (cowdung and poultry manure) at 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1, respectively were thoroughly mixed with soil and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic moisture condition for 12 weeks. Among the four different types of manure, P release from poultry manure slurry was the highest. Poultry manure and cowdung slurry recorded very closer amount of available P. Both cowdung slurry and poultry manure slurry released higher amount of P compared to their original state (cowdung and poultry manure). P mineralization reaches in peak within 4-6 weeks of incubation. Under anaerobic condition the P mineralization was found higher compared to aerobic condition. The P mineralization data fitted strongly to the first order kinetic model. The bioslurries had lower rate of mineralization but had higher potentiality to release P in the soil compared to their original state.
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The effects of acid treatment on some soil properties were investigated to assess the fertility of soils in both acid and non-acidic media. Six soil samples were collected around the Benue State University Makurdi. Each of the samples was... more
The effects of acid treatment on some soil properties were investigated to assess the fertility of soils in both acid and non-acidic media. Six soil samples were collected around the Benue State University Makurdi. Each of the samples was divided into equal halves, the first half was leached with 0.1M HCl solution then washed with deionised water until it tested negative to 0.1M AgNO3 solution. Both soil samples were analysed; the soil pH in distilled water was 4.85-5.24 and 2.68-2.94 for the untreated and the treated soils respectively. The pH in 1M KCl of treated and untreated soils ranged from 2.10-2.22 and 3.60-4.00 respectively. An increase in exchangeable acidity of the soils was observed from 0.6-0.90 for the untreated and 3.50-5.50 for the treated samples. Acid treatment lowered the total exchangeable bases from the range 2.09-11.77 to 0.62-2.25. The values of effective cation exchange capacity of the acid treated soil samples were lower than those of the untreated samples. Titratable acidity in each case was lower than exchangeable acidity. The results reveal that soils with high acid content have lower capacity for cations than soils with low acid content hence are less valuable for cultivation.
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The Forelimb of the Grasscutter (Thryonomysswinderianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes with mean weights of 5167±0.2023kg and 0.8167±0.1276kg for male and female respectively. Correlation coefficient between length of each... more
The Forelimb of the Grasscutter (Thryonomysswinderianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes with mean weights of 5167±0.2023kg and 0.8167±0.1276kg for male and female respectively. Correlation coefficient between length of each bone segment and weight of each animal revealed statistical significance (P < 0.05) in all bone segments except the manus when both sexes (n = 12) were considered signifying a positive relationship between weight of the animal and its bone size. The average total number of bones in the forelimb of the rat is 96 bones. Sexual dimorphism was not noticed. The bones of the forelimb revealed significant differences and similarities in morphology to that of other rodents and domestic animals. The Scapula presented a prominent triangular shaped metacromion and acromion process, the Humerus presented well defined head and distinct deltoid tuberosity protruding from the midshaft. The ulna and radius fuses proximally and distally leaving an expansive interosseus space. There were 8 irregularly shaped carpal bones arranged 3 proximally and 5 distally. Metacarpal and digital bones are 5 on each forelimb with the first and fifth greatly reduced with each digit presenting 3 phalanges.
Research Interests:
Considering malaria is a highly devastating disease of mankind, total eradication of malaria seems to be an uphill task, the only relief from this disease is achieved by usage of antimalarial drugs. Since malaria is associated with humans... more
Considering malaria is a highly devastating disease of mankind, total eradication of malaria seems to be an uphill task, the only relief from this disease is achieved by usage of antimalarial drugs. Since malaria is associated with humans from time immemorial, usage of traditional substances to most presently effective antimalarial have been recorded to cure this disease. With the advent of modern biological techniques aided the understanding of the biochemical pathways of antimalarial metabolism thereby helping in designing successful usage of many antimalarials. Nevertheless, improper usages of certain drugs have led to the origin and spread of drug resistant malaria parasites (chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum). Also, the genetic basis of antimalarial metabolism in humans is now well understood and frequent mutations in genes of malarial parasites are well associated with drug resistance. The entire scenario of antimalarial usage in the field have become complicated, partly due to poor understanding between antimalarial metabolism in humans and drug fighting mechanism in parasites, by which resistance to even combined therapy (e.g. Artemisinin Combination Therapy) have started emerging. Vital basic understanding from human and parasite population genetics (involving antimalarial both metabolizing genes in human and resistant genes in parasite) could be an ideal starting point to malaria control.
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The inhibition effect of the Hydralazine hydrochloride for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl has been investigated. Polarization measurement indicates that the Hydralazine hydrochloride act as mixed-type inhibitor, which gives a maximum... more
The inhibition effect of the Hydralazine hydrochloride for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl has been investigated. Polarization measurement indicates that the Hydralazine hydrochloride act as mixed-type inhibitor, which gives a maximum inhibition efficiency around 72 %. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition gives around 76 % due to the formation of electrical double layer. Thermodynamic parameter such as ΔG0 ads value was obtained as -30.22 KJ/mol indications that inhibitor shows its inhibition effect due to the chemisorptions process. Scanning electron microscopic images gives a visual idea about the formation of the protective film on the mild steel surface to reduce the corrosion rate. So that the Hydralazine hydrochloride acts as an efficient mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acid media.
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In Bangladesh sweet potato is the 4 th most important source of carbohydrate after rice, wheat and potato. The study was conducted to determine the profitability and resources use efficiency of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir)... more
In Bangladesh sweet potato is the 4
th
most important source of carbohydrate after rice, wheat
and potato. The study was conducted to determine the profitability and resources use efficiency
of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir) in Bangladesh. This study also aimed to find the factors
affecting gross return of sweet potato production. A total of 100 farmers were selected from the
study area through stratified random sampling technique and face to face interview was
conducted to collect primary data. The cost and return analysis indicated that per hectare net
return from sweet potato was 82,758.93 BDT (Bangladesh Taka). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was
found 1.97. Labor and vine cost accounted for the 48% and 28% of the total cost, respectively.
Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the factors affecting gross return of
sweet potato. The result showed that farm size, cost of vine, cost of land preparation and cost of
labor have positive impact on gross return. Sweet potato cultivation is more sensitive to the
output price which can be compensated by increasing yield. Resource use efficiency analysis
revealed that farmers are not efficient in using resources in sweet potato production. Vine, land
preparation, fertilizer and labor were underused and therefore increase the use of these
resources can maximize profit in sweet potato production in Bangladesh.
th
most important source of carbohydrate after rice, wheat
and potato. The study was conducted to determine the profitability and resources use efficiency
of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir) in Bangladesh. This study also aimed to find the factors
affecting gross return of sweet potato production. A total of 100 farmers were selected from the
study area through stratified random sampling technique and face to face interview was
conducted to collect primary data. The cost and return analysis indicated that per hectare net
return from sweet potato was 82,758.93 BDT (Bangladesh Taka). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was
found 1.97. Labor and vine cost accounted for the 48% and 28% of the total cost, respectively.
Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the factors affecting gross return of
sweet potato. The result showed that farm size, cost of vine, cost of land preparation and cost of
labor have positive impact on gross return. Sweet potato cultivation is more sensitive to the
output price which can be compensated by increasing yield. Resource use efficiency analysis
revealed that farmers are not efficient in using resources in sweet potato production. Vine, land
preparation, fertilizer and labor were underused and therefore increase the use of these
resources can maximize profit in sweet potato production in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
A survey was conducted in 2012 to assess diseases on major crops grown in Darolebu district, west Hararge zone. More than 15 sites and more than 20 crops were visited at research center and on farmers’ field. Eight diseases on sorghum,... more
A survey was conducted in 2012 to assess diseases on major crops grown in Darolebu district, west Hararge zone. More than 15 sites and more than 20 crops were visited at research center and on farmers’ field. Eight diseases on sorghum, four on maize, and two on haricot bean, one on ground nut were recorded. The expected yield of cereal crops in this cropping season from the cultivated land is far below the national average. Some of the farmers responded that no improved technologies such as improved seeds, fertilizers, fungicides are available to increase their yield. From this study the major diseases on different crops are identified and there is a need to introduce improved crop production techniques with full package and practical integrated disease management program.
Research Interests:
Models with wave dynamics and oscillations in the solar system are presented. A solitonial solution (Korteweg-de Vries), for a density field, is related to the formations of planets. A new nonlinear equation for a solitonial, will be... more
Models with wave dynamics and oscillations in the solar system are presented. A solitonial solution (Korteweg-de Vries), for a density field, is related to the formations of planets. A new nonlinear equation for a solitonial, will be derived, and denoted ‘J-T equation’. The linearized version has solutions, which are small vibrations with eigen frequency proportional to the parameters describing the solitonial wave, around a constant level, which is 2/3 of the maximum solitonial density. The location and orbital motion of Mercury and Venus are compared with wave dynamics. The tidal effect for Earth is analysed in terms of dynamics. Related phenomena for other planetary objects are discussed in conjunction with assuming a Roche limit.
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Diversification of livelihood activities minimizes households’ vulnerability to shocks by reducing income variability. Livelihoods of rural Bangladesh is encompass both farm and non-farm activities. This study investigated the patterns... more
Diversification of livelihood activities minimizes households’ vulnerability to shocks by reducing income variability. Livelihoods of rural Bangladesh is encompass both farm and non-farm activities. This study investigated the patterns and extent of diversification of livelihoods in rural areas of Bangladesh. The study drew a random sample of 500 rural farm households in Bangladesh through a multi-stage random sampling technique. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaires coupled with interview schedules and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Simpson index. Result revealed that remittance contributed highest to the household income followed by business and caste occupation, and rice farming. Furthermore results showed that rural Bangladeshi households have diversified their livelihood activities at medium level. The small and medium landholding households are more likely to diversify their livelihoods compared to the functionally-landless and large landholding households. The implication is that non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to combat poor households’ vulnerability to shocks and income fluctuations. It is also suggested to give more attention to functionally-landless households for increasing and diversifying their income.
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The objectives of this article were to examine some of the policies that the Sierra Leone government has set on the achievement of education at the basic education level; present information on trends, issues and challenges being faced in... more
The objectives of this article were to examine some of the policies that the Sierra Leone government has set on the achievement of education at the basic education level; present information on trends, issues and challenges being faced in providing basic education; assess whether the government has been able to achieve its policies and come up with recommendations on the way forward. This study was a desk research that relied on consulting secondary data, using various documents pertinent to the study to achieve the objectives of the study. Sierra Leone is a signatory to international protocols which obliges her to be committed to basic education being made free and compulsory. Laws, strategies and partnerships with donor communities have helped to significantly improve basic education. Challenges identified include: gender and rural disparities in access to education and pervasive poverty as key factors that inhibit it achieving the 100 percent enrolment for basic education for children. The paper ended by supporting the inclusion of the community in enhancing and sustaining basic education in the country.
Research Interests:
In Bangladesh sweet potato is the 4th most important source of carbohydrate after rice, wheat and potato. The study was conducted to determine the profitability and resources use efficiency of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir) in... more
In Bangladesh sweet potato is the 4th most important source of carbohydrate after rice, wheat and potato. The study was conducted to determine the profitability and resources use efficiency of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir) in Bangladesh. This study also aimed to find the factors affecting gross return of sweet potato production. A total of 100 farmers were selected from the study area through stratified random sampling technique and face to face interview was conducted to collect primary data. The cost and return analysis indicated that per hectare net return from sweet potato was 82,758.93 BDT (Bangladesh Taka). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was found 1.97. Labor and vine cost accounted for the 48% and 28% of the total cost, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the factors affecting gross return of sweet potato. The result showed that farm size, cost of vine, cost of land preparation and cost of labor have positive impact on gross return. Sweet potato cultivation is more sensitive to the output price which can be compensated by increasing yield. Resource use efficiency analysis revealed that farmers are not efficient in using resources in sweet potato production. Vine, land preparation, fertilizer and labor were underused and therefore increase the use of these resources can maximize profit in sweet potato production in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Among agricultural sub-sectors adopted, dairy business was one the most profitable agri-businesses in Nepal but past studies to support this statement was lacking in Lamjung district Nepal. The survey was carried out from April 2013 to... more
Among agricultural sub-sectors adopted, dairy business was one the most profitable agri-businesses in Nepal but past studies to support this statement was lacking in Lamjung district Nepal. The survey was carried out from April 2013 to January 2014 with the aim of analysing chain functions, capabilities of and support level of operational service providers, value addition, and market analysis of milk business actors. The study collected primary information from 97 respondents by using focus group discussion, key informant survey, observation and SWOT analysis. Results after using descriptive tools identified six chain functions. Estimated 33660 farming households milked 15272 tons raw milk annually but marketed only 13 percent milk and milk products in the 23 peri-urban local market-outlets through two routes: 784 tons milk fed through 7 small-scale chilling centres particularly cold chain process and 1201 tons through hot-milk base processing. Unmet 297 tons (32%) dairy products, all in processed form, were supplied from adjoining districts. The value addition analysis of cow milk showed that not only producers and processor added the largest cost share but also received the highest profit share among the succeeding agents. However, pricing and payments of dairy product were buyer-driven without making contract and no system of market sharing among the micro-actors.
Research Interests:
Geosynthethic reinforcement of pavement layers is increasing due to its ease of installation and effectiveness in strength increase. In this study, we made an attempt to effectively increase the CBR(California bearing ratio) strength by... more
Geosynthethic reinforcement of pavement layers is increasing due to its ease of installation and effectiveness in strength increase. In this study, we made an attempt to effectively increase the CBR(California bearing ratio) strength by using the Triaxial Geogrid Reinforcement for rigid pavements. Laterictic gravel soil was selected and tested without reinforcement. Therefore, by placing a layer of a certain geogrid above the third layer within the sample height, the effects of geogrid reinforcement on California bearing ratio values are obtained. This was undertaken for two strengths of geogrid in both soaked and unsoaked conditions. The results show that California bearing ratio values increases with increasing goegrid strength for soaked and unsoaked conditions. The California bearing ratio increased by 15% and 39% in the soaked condition when the Tx160 and Tx170 geogrids were interfaced in the sample respectively. Also the CBR increased by 29% and 45% in the unsoaked condition when theTx160 and Tx170 geogrids were also interfaced respectively. The variation of the reinforcement ratio for both geogrids was consistently more than one in soaked and unsoaked conditions. The use of geogrid reinforcement in road pavements layers can reduce cost.
Research Interests:
Models for locations in the solar system are presented. For neighboring planets in the solar system, and for three moons of Jupiter, ratios of orbital angular velocities are presented, and suggestions for the origin are discussed. Ratios... more
Models for locations in the solar system are presented. For neighboring planets in the solar system, and for three moons of Jupiter, ratios of orbital angular velocities are presented, and suggestions for the origin are discussed. Ratios close to 2.45 are common, and this may be related to the L-frequency of a non-circular orbit. A resulting angular velocity is derived for a generalized elliptic orbit. For small eccentricities, a linearization gives a harmonic solution. It is notified how certain ratios of tones appear in musical acoustics, and a brief model is outlined. The ratio is also found between wavelengths in Northern Light. Assumptions such that ‘differential-locations’ can be calculated as fix points to an iteration formula, are presented. This gives a Julia Set-fractal.
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2.5ml Ethanol is used on plant extracts of locus bean (parkiabiglobosa) and banana sap (musaparadisiaca) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M dilute HCl was investigated using weight loss techniques. Corrosion tests were first... more
2.5ml Ethanol is used on plant extracts of locus bean (parkiabiglobosa) and banana sap (musaparadisiaca) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M dilute HCl was investigated using weight loss techniques. Corrosion tests were first carried out for 1 and 3 hrs of immersion time respectively at various concentrations of extracts (0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.5ml) and 2.5ml were used as corrosion inhibitors and at different temperatures (38oC, 45oC and 55oC). Results showed that the minimum corrosion rate obtained for 1 hr at 38oC with extract of Pakiabiglobosa is 0.85×10-4g/cm3/min and efficiency of 18.75% for 1hr, while at 55oC the corrosion rate was 4.37×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of 33%. With ethanol extract of banana sap, minimum corrosion rate and efficiency recorded at 38°C were (4.16×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of (22.1%), while at 55oC they were (0.83×10-4 g/cm3/min) and (7.6%) respectively. From these results, it is concluded that extracts of locust bean and banana sap can be successfully used as corrosion inhibitors in specified acidic medium.
Research Interests:
Upper GI bleed is a common, scary and life threatening medical condition usually caused by peptic ulcer disease or oesophageal varices. Uncommon causes include neoplasms, aortoenteric fistulas, vascular lesions, Dieulafoy's lesion etc.... more
Upper GI bleed is a common, scary and life threatening medical condition usually caused by peptic ulcer disease or oesophageal varices. Uncommon causes include neoplasms, aortoenteric fistulas, vascular lesions, Dieulafoy's lesion etc. Patients usually present with hematemesis or melena. GIST is the third most common tumor of stomach and also the most common mesenchymal tumor. GIST may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or they may cause nonspecific symptoms like early satiety and fullness. Although major presentation of GIST is upper GI bleed, GIST as a cause of upper GI bleed is very rare. We here present a patient admitted to us with massive upper GI bleed due to gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
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One of the threats to global environmental health is waste generation. Growth in population as well as rise in the quantity of municipal solid waste generated has made it difficult to locate appropriate site for waste disposal in most... more
One of the threats to global environmental health is waste generation. Growth in population as well as rise in the quantity of municipal solid waste generated has made it difficult to locate appropriate site for waste disposal in most urban areas. Land filling is now accepted as the most widely used method for addressing this problem in all countries of the world. However, appropriate site selection for land filling is a problem in waste management and therefore needs to be addressed. This research sought to identify a suitable landfill site for waste disposal in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. To achieve this, Geographical Information System (GIS), Fuzzy Logic and Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) were applied in order to display and rank candidate sites. The analysis was limited to criteria that were selected and relevant to the area under investigation. The results obtained provide clear areas for landfill sites in the study area and finally arrives at suitable areas.
Research Interests:
The ultimate benefit of any intervention is the improvement on welfare of beneficiaries. The ownership of assets, improved health meeting social obligations and change in nutrition are indicators of improved welfare. A total of 360... more
The ultimate benefit of any intervention is the improvement on welfare of beneficiaries. The ownership of assets, improved health meeting social obligations and change in nutrition are indicators of improved welfare. A total of 360 respondents were randomly selected through purposive and multi-stage sampling procedures. Statistical analysis using percentages and two sample t-test were employed. The result of the study indicated that 58% and 56% of the treatment and control group were below the average age respectively. The overwhelming majority of the respondents were married with large family size and mostly polygamist. On education, 36.7% and 55.6% of the respondents in the two communities had never been to any school respectively. The two sample t-test indicated that there were positive and significant statistical mean differences in the ownership of assets between the two groups. All the p-value for assets were less than the critical p-value of 0.05 and all the t-cal were greater than the t-critical value of 1.96 signifying the impact of the intervention on beneficiaries. The treatment group were better in meeting social obligation, feeding and health than the control group. The study recommended that government of Nigeria should pay attention to the welfare of the nomads.
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The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is amongst the largest municipal bodies in the world catering to an estimated population of 17 million citizens by providing civic services. Ghazipur is one of the three existing landfills of... more
The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is amongst the largest municipal bodies in the world catering to an estimated population of 17 million citizens by providing civic services. Ghazipur is one of the three existing landfills of Delhi that has come up with a Waste to Energy (WtE) plant processing and disposing off the municipal waste. The plant produces RDF that will result in power generation .This plant will be a source of revenue and also earn carbon credits. This paper deals with the techno economic analysis of the plant to asses its viability on a commercial scale.
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Wastewater obtained from the seaweed washing process often contains residual chemicals, as the seaweed is typically washed using chemicals. Here, we used a biosystem to treat wastewater obtained after seaweed processing. The research... more
Wastewater obtained from the seaweed washing process often contains residual chemicals, as the seaweed is typically washed using chemicals. Here, we used a biosystem to treat wastewater obtained after seaweed processing. The research goals were to determine the effectivity and capacity of this biosystem for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrites in the wastewater. We planted and prepared the biosystem bin, adapted the plants in the biosystem bin until they were ready for use, and we performed wastewater treatment using the biosystem either with or without the addition of an active bacterial suspension. The results show that addition of the active suspension significantly improved effectivity with respect to COD and nitrites (p<0.05). With respect to COD, BOD, and nitrites, the effectivity of the biosystem with an added active suspension was 83.9, 87.2, and 55.5%, respectively; the effectivity of the biosystem without the active suspension was 79.2, 83.3, and 38.7%, respectively. The capacity of the biosystem with an added active suspension was 13.226, 6.805, and 0.014mg/L/m3hour with respect to reducing COD, BOD, and nitrites, respectively; the capacity of the biosystem without an active suspension was 12.485, 6.496, and 0.009 mg/L/m3hour, respectively.
Research Interests:
This kind of new approach in English poetry throws lights and impregnates the air of the global readers, particularly, the western audience with such a sober and salutiferous steams as very much comforts the heads and refreshes the senses... more
This kind of new approach in English poetry throws lights and impregnates the air of the global readers, particularly, the western audience with such a sober and salutiferous steams as very much comforts the heads and refreshes the senses of all that breathes it over this world.
A moping lover would grow a pleasant fellow by entangling to the many philosophical lines that overflow with life as it is- its bitterness and joys alike. If the reader fairly considers the strength of what I have advanced in this collection, I am convinced then that my poems will produce a wonderful revolution in his notions and opinions concerning the East and the dwellers of the East, and he will be abundantly better prepared to receive and to relish the concluding ideas and the shiny humble philosophy of the neighbor East through this miraculous treaties. The quality of poems I offer here cannot wholly be strangers to my readers- for they (the poems) touch the core of man’s heart showing and reflecting the real routes he is obliged to select as man is choice-less in the matter of his age, livelihood and his final destination. This is clear among the golden lines inscribed in this book.
I easily foresee that as soon as I lay down my pen to write my humble meaningful poems, I will have acquired a position and find a room in my readers’ mind. I therefore, fly for justice and relief into the hands of that great philosophical saddles as stores for the lovers of mankind. The pleasure is that when I see that my readers will immediately be pleased embracing, under the shadow of my speech, my poems which lightens me of the burden of liking or disliking.
Since my eyes are once opened, I am content to convey my running lessons for the peculiar advantage of my dear readers, and for the universal benefit of mankind. Therefore I hospitably consider the number of my guest-readers as welcomed into the core of my heart, the heart of the whole universe.
A moping lover would grow a pleasant fellow by entangling to the many philosophical lines that overflow with life as it is- its bitterness and joys alike. If the reader fairly considers the strength of what I have advanced in this collection, I am convinced then that my poems will produce a wonderful revolution in his notions and opinions concerning the East and the dwellers of the East, and he will be abundantly better prepared to receive and to relish the concluding ideas and the shiny humble philosophy of the neighbor East through this miraculous treaties. The quality of poems I offer here cannot wholly be strangers to my readers- for they (the poems) touch the core of man’s heart showing and reflecting the real routes he is obliged to select as man is choice-less in the matter of his age, livelihood and his final destination. This is clear among the golden lines inscribed in this book.
I easily foresee that as soon as I lay down my pen to write my humble meaningful poems, I will have acquired a position and find a room in my readers’ mind. I therefore, fly for justice and relief into the hands of that great philosophical saddles as stores for the lovers of mankind. The pleasure is that when I see that my readers will immediately be pleased embracing, under the shadow of my speech, my poems which lightens me of the burden of liking or disliking.
Since my eyes are once opened, I am content to convey my running lessons for the peculiar advantage of my dear readers, and for the universal benefit of mankind. Therefore I hospitably consider the number of my guest-readers as welcomed into the core of my heart, the heart of the whole universe.
Research Interests:
The paper aimed to analyze the role of middlemen in linking smallholder tomato farmers with Dar-es-salaam markets, Tanzania. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 133 small vegetable farmers and 109 traders. Data analysis... more
The paper aimed to analyze the role of middlemen in linking smallholder tomato farmers with Dar-es-salaam markets, Tanzania. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 133 small vegetable farmers and 109 traders. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentage, chi-square and one way analysis of variance. The study revealed that majority (58%) of smallholder tomato farmers sold their produce to middlemen due to being geographical separated from the markets, poor local road network and poor access to market information. This study concluded that the use of middlemen to sell tomato produce cannot be avoided unless smallholder farmers are linked with urban markets. In order to enhance farmer’s access to markets, it is recommended that the government should strive to improve feeder roads. Improvement in feeder roads is likely to bring about large welfare gains in terms of large volumes of tomatoes traded and can make assembling of tomatoes easier and less costly for traders.
Research Interests:
A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is light weight (matter density is 1/3rd of the critical value), accelerating and flat. This implies the existence of a cosmic Dark Energy that overcomes the gravitational... more
A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is light weight (matter density is 1/3rd of the critical value), accelerating and flat. This implies the existence of a cosmic Dark Energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction force of matter and causes the accelerating expansion. Finding out the cause of expansion and acceleration of the universe is a challenging job in present day cosmology. Cosmological models with different types of dark energy are becoming viable standard models to analyze and simulate experimental data from a number of high red shift supernovae. In this article, physical significance and analytical expression for dark energy related to total energy (or energy density) and matter (or matter density) in the universe is presented. It is assumed that 'space' or 'vacuum' is another form of energy (other form is mass which is related as E = mc2). With this assumption new cosmological equation of state is constructed which is in very good agreement with present observations. Thus energy evolves from matter to radiation to space. It is also predicted that the existence of a fundamental particle with mass less than the mass of a quark is possible.
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The study was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of climate change on maize. The data for the study was obtained from secondary sources. The result shows that the average rainfall and temperature... more
The study was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of climate change on maize. The data for the study was obtained from secondary sources. The result shows that the average rainfall and temperature statistics were 1288.311mm and 31.7173oC in Nigeria within the period under study. The average maize output within the period was 4.84mt while hectarage and yield were 3.36mha and 1.44t/ha respectively. The result from the study equally shows that the area cultivated and productivity of maize increased as temperature and rainfall increased. However, there were deceleration of output and area of maize cultivated which may have been induced by the increase in temperature and rainfall over these period. Maize productivity accelerated. The climate change variables show significant effect on maize production with the period under review. Based on findings from the study, it is recommended that since temperature and rainfall are relatively beyond the control of farmers, there should be proper enlightenment of the farmers on the proper climate adaptation practices to employ in order to minimize the adverse effects of climate change on their output.