- Department of veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
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- Veterinary Anatomy, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Applied Anatomy, Anatomy of Wildlife Animals, and 46 moreMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF RED SOKOTO GOATS, Camel Dentition, Education, Biology, Biotechnology, Islam, Morphology, Systematics (Taxonomy), Taxonomy, Science and Religion, Quranic Studies, Quranic Exegesis, Quran, Medical References in Hadith and Quran, Embryonic Development, Sufism, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Epidemiology, Anatomy, Medicina Veterinaria, Animal Production, Physiology, History of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics, Veterinary Parasitology, Pharmacology, Veterinary Science, Islamic Studies, Pharmacy, Gender and Islam, Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Hadith, Quran and Tafsir Studies, Veterinary Medicine, Human Anatomy (Biological Anthropology), Developmental Studies, Development Studies, Philosophy of Science, E-learning, Research Methodology, Philosophy, Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates, and Salmonellaedit
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Negligence means failure to extend duty of care to whom it is owed. Negligence occurs in all spheres of human life including the medical sphere and that is known as medical negligence. This work was undertaken to examine medical... more
Negligence means failure to extend duty of care to whom it is owed. Negligence occurs in all spheres of human life including the medical sphere and that is known as medical negligence. This work was undertaken to examine medical negligence, the elements of medical negligence and its arbitrability and it has through decided cases looked into different jurisdictional stands on medical negligence arbitration and the good and shortcomings of arbitrating medical negligence in such places. The findings of the research reveal that medical negligence is arbitrable and as a matter of fact has been arbitrated in some jurisdictions for over 10 years and that some countries have it embedded in their laws. Furthermore, the article revealed that arbitrability of medical negligence is common in the United States of America, United Kingdom and other jurisdictions. It further stated that arbitration of medical negligence will foster good relationship between the parties and it is less expensive than litigation. The work concluded that it is possible to arbitrate medical negligence and recommended that medical negligence should be arbitrable in all countries, however patients should be allowed time to understand the arbitration agreement and should not be forced into signing the arbitration agreement. Keywords: Negligence, Medical negligence, Arbitration, Arbitrability
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Yeast are chemoorganotrophs that obtain carbon mostly from hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose or disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose and these carbon sources are frequently present in yoghurt, cow milk and other fermentable... more
Yeast are chemoorganotrophs that obtain carbon mostly from hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose or disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose and these carbon sources are frequently present in yoghurt, cow milk and other fermentable products. Three fungal isolates were isolated from traditionally fermented cow milk which are saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccaharomyces pombae and Pichia anomala . Isolation was carried out by serially diluting the samples in the laboratory, which were fermented at room temperature for 24 hours. All of the yeast isolated are glucose and sucrose fermentors. Biosurfactant was also produced after growing the yeast in a prepared Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) containing 1.0 ml of crude oil at the temperature range between 27-30 0 C for 72 hours. After incubation oil displacement test was carried out to determine if biosurfactant can be produced from the yeast, from the result Saccharomyces cerevisiae and saccohromyes pombae showed clear zones with diamet...
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A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF... more
A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH) IN INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
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Gross and histological changes of the camel foetal heart were investigated. The present study has shown that compartmentalization of the camel foetal heart into left and right ventricles and the left and right atria was completed by 75... more
Gross and histological changes of the camel foetal heart were investigated. The present study has shown that compartmentalization of the camel foetal heart into left and right ventricles and the left and right atria was completed by 75 days of gestation.In the present work the foramen ovale persist up to the third trimester of the foetal stage of development. In this study it was observed that at first trimester there was cellular proliferation which decreased toward third trimester of foetal development The arrangement of muscle fibres in this study was from random in the first to a more parallel towards third trimester of pregnancy. The cardiomyocytes also changes from round to elongate towards late third trimester. Since the present study had not reached those foetuses at full term or one day foetus one cannot conclude that heart development is completed before birth. More studies need to be undertaken to arrive at a conclusion that the third trimester foetal heart can achieve a ...
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Marshal strain of broiler chicken were used to determine the effect of Ascorbic acid (AA) on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds at starter and finisher phase in Sokoto, Nigeria at different levels of AA... more
Marshal strain of broiler chicken were used to determine the effect of Ascorbic acid (AA) on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds at starter and finisher phase in Sokoto, Nigeria at different levels of AA inclusion. 225 day-old chicks were housed in a standard open sided tropical house type under deep litter system. The birds were randomly assigned to three treatments (0g, 10g and 20gAA) replicated Five times in completely randomize design (CRD). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. At the end of the experiment, 15 birds were randomly selected from each treatment, fasted, killed and their carcass weight analyzed. The result showed that there is significance difference P (0.05) between FI and BWG. At finisher phase, the result showed that there is significance difference P (0.05) does not exist between FI and FCR across all the treatments. Birds fed diet with 0g AA performed better comp...
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This review examines the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) a considerable number of the dromedary about 50,000 is found in the semi-arid part of Northern Nigeria. Apart from the wide use of the camel as a draught animal the camel now... more
This review examines the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) a considerable number of the dromedary about 50,000 is found in the semi-arid part of Northern Nigeria. Apart from the wide use of the camel as a draught animal the camel now serve as a source of milk, meat and hide in this region, these notes examines the anatomical basis of reproduction, pregnancy, and its diagnosis, fertility, and the application of modern techniques in camel reproduction. Different techniques and equipments are now being employed for explicit study of the reproductive processes in the camel. Transrectal ultrasaonographic scanning machine is now being used to study ovulation pattern and timing, video endoscopic hysteroscopy is another technique employed to study various aspects of the camel conceptus. Techniques like oestrous synchronization, super ovulation, semen collection artificial insemination, embryo recovery and transfer are all used in the study of camel.
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Available literatureon the Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system of dromedary camel in Nigeria is observed to assess the current performanceand productive potential of this species. The origins, distribution... more
Available literatureon the Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system of dromedary camel in Nigeria is observed to assess the current performanceand productive potential of this species. The origins, distribution andclassification of camel breeds are briefly discussed. The reproductive anatomyand physiology is described, and is followed by an account of breedingbehaviour and performance, with special attention to fertility. A brief accounton the biometry, gross anatomy,histology, morphometry and physiology inrelation to reproductive performance ofthe one humped camel is discuss. The camel's ability to produce milk and meatis assessed in detail, together with its suitability for transport and otherpurposes, such as ploughing, milling and the production of hides and skins.Management and socio-economic factors are also briefly discussed. Finally, theinformation presented is summarized to served as an aid in teaching and as abase-line to farmers in inproving the standard ...
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A Biometric study was conducted on the female reproductive tract of Eight-five (85) one-humped adult non-pregnant camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of two months. A pair of scissors, a scalpel and a... more
A Biometric study was conducted on the female reproductive tract of Eight-five (85) one-humped adult non-pregnant camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of two months. A pair of scissors, a scalpel and a blade was used to incise, excise, separate or debride various segments of the reproductive tract for measurements. The mean dimension of the left and right ovaries in the adult non-pregnant animal is 3.18 ± 0.78cm and 2.96 ± 0.61cm length, 2.23 + 0.50cm and 1.89 ± 0.35cm breadths, 1.12 ± 0.19cm and 0.94 ± 0.18cm thicknesses and 4.13 ± 0.63g and 3.00 ± 0.61g weight respectively. The mean dimension of the left and right uterine horn is 9.86 ±1.38cm and 6.56 ± 0.9cm length and 4.43 ±2.48cm and 3.39 ± 0.7cm diameter respectively. The mean dimensions of corpus uteri are 9.59 ± 2.27cm in length and 4.94 ± 0.56cm width. The mean dimension of the cervix ranging from the external os to the internal os is 4.92 ± 1.06cm; and that of the vagina is 27.5 ± 5.30cm in...
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Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail, which occurs worldwide with Dermatophytes as the most common causal agents although yeast and moulds are also involved. The diagnosis usually involves direct microscopy and culture to prove... more
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail, which occurs worldwide with Dermatophytes as the most common causal agents although yeast and moulds are also involved. The diagnosis usually involves direct microscopy and culture to prove actual existence of onychomycosis. A total of 30 samples were tested using 20% KOH and culture plates of Sabourad Dextrose Agar (SDA) which was mixed with streptomycin as an antibiotic. A total of 80.0% samples were identified as positive by culture, among which, 46.7% were KOH positive and 33.3% were KOH negative. 20.0% were culture negative. The predominant pathogen was yeast 37.43%, followed by dermatophyte 33.33% and the moulds with 24.12% of the cases recorded. Onychomycosis was observed to be common between the age of 41-50 with the occurrence of 50%, and 50% in both male and female patients attending the hospital. The research highlighted that the yeast was a predominant pathogen in Ammannawa General Hospital Sokoto, patients should be well ...
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The study evaluated the analysis of peasant farmers in rabbit production in Sokoto south local government area in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The procedure involved multi stage sampling t echniques of the sample size and the use of... more
The study evaluated the analysis of peasant farmers in rabbit production in Sokoto south local government area in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The procedure involved multi stage sampling t echniques of the sample size and the use of questionnaire was employed. The entire respondents were rabbit farmers. This study examined current trend on small and ultra - small - holder rabbits units in Sokoto south of Sokoto state Nigeria. The methodology com bined questionnaire survey with on - farm monitoring and recording of data in relations to socio - economic characteristics of rabbits keepers, management, constraints and marketing outlets .the result obtained was presented in frequency and percentage table. The study shows that 70% were male while 30% were female. The study also review that 44%, 36%, 12% and 8%represent the ages of rabbits farmers of 25 - 35years, 36 - 45years, 46 - 45years and 56years and above respectively within the study area, it was also revie w that 64%, 20%, and 16% repre...
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The research was conducted in the Gross section of Veterinary Anatomy laboratory with the aim of preparation and comparing some skeleton bones of local domestic turkey and guinea fowl. Samples were purchased, sacrifice, feather and excess... more
The research was conducted in the Gross section of Veterinary Anatomy laboratory with the aim of preparation and comparing some skeleton bones of local domestic turkey and guinea fowl. Samples were purchased, sacrifice, feather and excess flesh were removed and boiled using water to produce the bones. The duration of process was recorded. Comparative biometry study was conducted on some selected bones (scapular, coracoid, furcular and tibiotarsus) and the bones were mounted using wooden stand, copper wire, and adhesive gum with the aim of enhancing avian teaching. Based on the processes of the research. It was recommended to use plastic materials in production of skeletal models to avoid deterioration of bones for proper teaching in veterinary anatomy.
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A 3-yearold OudaYankasa cross ewe weighing 40kg was presented to the large animal clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, with the chief complaint of reduced feed intake, weight loss and abnormal... more
A 3-yearold OudaYankasa cross ewe weighing 40kg was presented to the large animal clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, with the chief complaint of reduced feed intake, weight loss and abnormal swelling on the central part of the abdomen. On presentation, the rectal temperature was 39.10C, pulse rate was 84 beats per minute, and respiratory rate was 60 cycles per minute. The case was diagnosed as fetal mummification and rumen impaction following radiograph and abdominal ultrasound scan. The case was surgically managed via abdominal laparatomy.
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This study involved evaluation of camel fetal digestive tract at different gestational age using morphology, morphometry and histology to ascertain the level of development of various segments of the digestive tracts prenatally. A total... more
This study involved evaluation of camel fetal digestive tract at different gestational age using morphology, morphometry and histology to ascertain the level of development of various segments of the digestive tracts prenatally. A total of 35 fetuses obtained from daily visitation to Sokoto metropolitan abattoir were used for the study. 34.3% of the samples were females while 65.7% were male. 37.14% belong to the first trimester, 31.42% belong to second trimester and 31.42% belong to the third trimester of age. From the study, camel digestive tract morphologically showed similarities with that of the features reported for Llama and with little or few similarities with true ruminants based on development. The small intestine at first trimester showed not divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum as there was clear demarcation between these segments in the second and third trimester of age. Morphological studies provide a baseline data on one-humped digestive tract at various developmental stages while histological studies revealed that the development of the digestive tract layers was initially three layers:- T. mucosa, T. muscularis, and Tunica serosa/advantitia at first trimester, which transform in to the four layers at second trimester of age. And it also shows that several unique features of the developing digestive tract proved adaptive features of the animal to its environment and mode of feeding.
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This book was written to serve students and researchers of the animal sciences, with the primary purpose of helping them to learn about and apply appropriate experimental designs and statistical methods. Statistical methods applied to... more
This book was written to serve students and researchers of the animal sciences, with the primary purpose of helping them to learn about and apply appropriate experimental designs and statistical methods. Statistical methods applied to biological sciences are known as biostatistics or biometrics, and they have their origins in agricultural research. The characteristic that distinguishes biometrics within statistics is the fact that biological measurements are variable, not only because of measurement error, but also from their natural variability from genetic and environmental sources. These sources of variability must be taken into account when making inferences about biological material. Accounting for these sources of variation has led to the development of experimental designs that incorporate blocking, covariates and repeated measures. Appropriate techniques for analysis of data from these designs and others are covered in the book.
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A study was carried out on the morphometry of reproductive genitalia of 45 African Zebu cattle (AZC) using standard laboratory procedure, with special reference to heifers and cows. The overall mean weight of the genitalia of heifers and... more
A study was carried out on the morphometry of reproductive genitalia of 45 African Zebu cattle (AZC) using standard laboratory procedure, with special reference to heifers and cows. The overall mean weight of the genitalia of heifers and cows were 0.43 + 0.03 kg and 0.79 + 0.02 kg respectively. The mean ovarian weights of the heifer from left and right were 3.80 + 0.12g and 4.88 + 0.04g; that of the cows were 3.53 + 0.10g and 5.48 + 0.04g respectively. The mean length of the cow oviduct from left and right was 30.04 + 0.08 cm and 30.21 + 0.07 cm; that of the heifer was 21.68 + 0.18 cm and 22.14 + 0.16 cm respectively. There was no significant difference in the diameter of the oviduct and between the right and left length of the oviduct (P > 0.05). The length and diameter of the cervix of heifer were 7.38 + 0.10 cm and 3.18 + 0.07 cm; and that of the cows were 8.08 + 0.04 cm and 3.48 + 0.02 cm respectively. It was observed that the ovaries of cows were significantly greater in w...
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This paper reviews the positive role livestock Co-operatives can play in enhancing animal production. Livestock Co-operative Societies such as those for Artificial insemination, Dairy, Beef and Poultry production have been discussed. The... more
This paper reviews the positive role livestock Co-operatives can play in enhancing animal production. Livestock Co-operative Societies such as those for Artificial insemination, Dairy, Beef and Poultry production have been discussed. The paper also dwells on the benefits derivable from such organisations. The practice of Co-operative Societies in livestock production has been applied by different countries in different livestock sub-sectors. This paper concludes that establishing such Co-operatives will significantly improve livestock production in Nigeria.
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This paper report of a fatal case of post parturient uterine Prolapse in a six year old pluriparous, Sokoto Gudali cow. The prolapse of the uterus is believed to be a common complication of the third stage of labour in the cow. The case... more
This paper report of a fatal case of post parturient uterine Prolapse in a six year old pluriparous, Sokoto Gudali cow. The prolapse of the uterus is believed to be a common complication of the third stage of labour in the cow. The case being reported occurred some hours after a normal parturition. The uterus everted with the foetal membranes and some pockets of foetal fluids. About three ruptures were observed on the prolapsed uterus. The management of the case was discussed, even though the case eventually ends up fatally. Reports on uterine prolapse are very few in the cow in Nigeria.
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The research was conducted to study diurnal variation and effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of sheep during wet season in Sokoto. The study was conducted on ten (10) apparently... more
The research was conducted to study diurnal variation and effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of sheep during wet season in Sokoto. The study was conducted on ten (10) apparently healthy Oudah breed of sheep with mean age and weight of 15.9 ± 11.0 months and 24.7 ± 11.67 kg respectively. The animals were grouped into two groups of five animals each. 100mg/kg Ascorbic acid was administered daily for eight days to the experimental group while the control group was not given anything. Rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates were taken at 6am, 10am, 2pm and 6pm. Finding indicate that rectal temperature at 6am are significantly (P 0.03) between 2pm and 6pm temperature. At 10am the temperature was significantly lower (P< 0.05) than those of 2pm and 6pm in the control group but not in the experimental group. The pulse rate at 2pm was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of 6am, 10am and 6pm in the experimental group....
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A study was conducted on the kidney of seventeen (17) fetuses of the Red Sokoto Goat (Capra hircus) collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of one month at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the... more
A study was conducted on the kidney of seventeen (17) fetuses of the Red Sokoto Goat (Capra hircus) collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of one month at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the fetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. Out of the seventeen (17) fetuses at different gestational age used for the study, 7 (48%) were females while 10 (52%) were males. 6(35%) fetuses belong to first trimester, 5(30%) belong to second trimester and 6(35%) belong to third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. The mean crown vertebrate-rump length (CVRL) ranged from 12.47 ± 1.80 cm at first trimester to 33.79 ±1.52 cm at third trimester. The development of renal tissues were found to be in succession; from the stage of mesenchyme cells, developing glomerulus and finally to fully developed glomerulus with advancement of gestational age among the three groups. T...
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An embryonic gross differentiation study was conducted on the stomach of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of five months at different gestational ages. The approximate age... more
An embryonic gross differentiation study was conducted on the stomach of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of five months at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the foetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. The mean body weight of the foetus at first, second third trimester ranged from 1.40 ± 0.06 kg, 6.10 ± 0.05 kg and 17.87 ± 0.6 kg respectively. The mean weights of the entire digestive system at first, second and third trimester were 0.80 ± 0.07 kg, 2.13 ± 0.04 kg and 4.86 ± 0.08 kg respectively. The mean weights of the digestive tract at first, second and third trimester were 0.53 ± 0.07 kg, 1.03 ± 0.05 and 2.43 ± 0.07 kg respectively. Camels’ stomach was observed to comprise of the voluminous smooth compartment rumen, a relatively small beans shape reticulum and a tubular abomasum at first trimester. At sec...
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A Five week-old Sokoto Gudali calf weighing 25kg was presented to the Large Animal Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with the complaint of inability to stand on its own noticed since birth,... more
A Five week-old Sokoto Gudali calf weighing 25kg was presented to the Large Animal Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with the complaint of inability to stand on its own noticed since birth, history further revealed that the calf only suckled when assisted. It was fed on milk and water only. The dam is the only animal kept by the client. The calf has been given oral glucose two weeks prior to presentation without any improvement. Bacteriology isolation and identification revealed E. coli from the fecal samples. The packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Total erythrocytes count (TEC) were 55%, 18.3 and 13.2 indicating polycythemia. Neutrophilia and Monocytosis were also observed. Unfortunately, the calf died before any intervention and the carcass was sent to necropsy room for post-mortem examinations.
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Thicknesses of the calvarial bones of one-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) fetuses were evaluated. Thirty-two samples of first, second and third trimester fetuses obtained from Sokoto municipal abattoir were used for the study. The... more
Thicknesses of the calvarial bones of one-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) fetuses were evaluated. Thirty-two samples of first, second and third trimester fetuses obtained from Sokoto municipal abattoir were used for the study. The mean thicknesses for the frontal bones are 1.30±0.02mm, 1.47±0.08mm and 1.54±0.07mm for the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester respectively. Parietal bones of the fetuses belonging to the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester had their values as 1.42±0.01mm, 1.435±0.12mm and 1.49±0.02mm respectively. Interparietal bones had mean values as 1.505±0.01mm, 2.36±0.03mm and 2.415±0.04mm at the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters respectively. Occipital bones of the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester fetuses had their mean values as 2.36±0.08mm, 2.57±0.01mm and 4.78±0.03mm respectively, while the temporal bones of the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester fetuses had their values as 1.28±0.04mm, 1.85±0.27mm and 3.17±0.05mm respectively. The study showed that there were variations in...
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The study aimed at providing information in estimating the age of camel using rostral dentition through the phenomenon of teeth eruption and wearing, thought, only way to age an animal accurately is to know the date of birth but where... more
The study aimed at providing information in estimating the age of camel using rostral dentition through the phenomenon of teeth eruption and wearing, thought, only way to age an animal accurately is to know the date of birth but where these records are not available various anatomical features are used to estimate age. A total of 1100 camels of both sex were used for the purpose of the study. Records were obtained between April to July 2010 on daily visit to the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir. Investigation showed that at birth, there were no teeth, at 9 month, all the deciduate teeth have erupted. At 4 years, all the deciduate incisors and canine have worn down. At 7 years, all the permanent incisors and canine teeth have erupted. At 12 years, all the permanent incisors are in wear, while At 15 years, all the permanent incisors and canine teeth have worn down. At 20 years, all the permanent teeth are down and clearly separated from each other.
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A study was conducted to investigate the influence of breed and age on carcass composition of Nigerian goats. Mean values of lean, bone, fat and lean: Bone ratios were 64.64, 31.95, 3.42 % and 2.05, respectively. Sokoto Red goats had more... more
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of breed and age on carcass composition of Nigerian goats. Mean values of lean, bone, fat and lean: Bone ratios were 64.64, 31.95, 3.42 % and 2.05, respectively. Sokoto Red goats had more lean, less bone and higher lean: bone ratio than Sahel goats (P<0.05). Mature goats had significantly less bone and higher lean: bone ratio. There was significant breed x age interaction in carcass lean, carcass, bone and lean: bone ratio, such that the superiority of Sokoto Red in percent lean and lean: bone ratio and the higher percent bone of the Sahel hold true only among mature goats. Carcass fat was not influenced by breed or age of goats.
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A fifteen-year (1991 — 2005) study of reproductive cases in animals presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, were analyzed based on species, disease condition and sex using clinical case Files of... more
A fifteen-year (1991 — 2005) study of reproductive cases in animals presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, were analyzed based on species, disease condition and sex using clinical case Files of Sheep, goat and cattle. Within the study period a total of 88 reproductive cases were handled out of which 53 (57.95 %) occurred in sheep, 32(36.36 %) goat and 5(5.68 %) cattle. Dystocia 23(26.13 %), Pregnancy toxaemia 11(12.50 %), mastitis 9(10.23 %), castration 5(5.68 %) and orchitis 3(3.41 %) were the diseases recorded. Reproductive cases were higher in females 77(87.5 %) than in mates 11(12.5 %). From the study, reproductive cases were most prevalent in sheep than in goats and cattle.
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Perosomus elumbis is a rare congenital anomaly of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by errors of morphogenesis resulting in multi-organs malformations that produce a deformity of the caudal one third of the foetus. Spinal and pelvic... more
Perosomus elumbis is a rare congenital anomaly of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by errors of morphogenesis resulting in multi-organs malformations that produce a deformity of the caudal one third of the foetus. Spinal and pelvic malformations are evident, structural anomalies such as arthrogryposis of the hind limbs, ankylosis of joints, with associated malformations of the musculature. This is a case of a new born Uda lamb, with the Chief complaint of inability to stand two hours after lambing. History revealed that the dam delivered them as twins, one of which was normal. On clinical examination the lamb was recumbent but alert. The fore limbs were well developed and appeared normal. The lumbo-sacral area was excessively narrow, with a skin fold attaching the crus (Tibia and Fibula). There was an ankylosis of the stifle and hock joint and were maintained in a flexed position. The response to pin prick on the hind limb was poor. However, both anal and vulval openings were ...
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A study was conducted to characterize autochthonous goats of the semi-arid zone of North-western Nigeria for their meat potential. Thirty two intact male goats representing eight replicates of two breeds (Sokoto Red and Sahel) and two... more
A study was conducted to characterize autochthonous goats of the semi-arid zone of North-western Nigeria for their meat potential. Thirty two intact male goats representing eight replicates of two breeds (Sokoto Red and Sahel) and two ages (young and mature) were investigated for carcass and meat yield characteristics. Breed had no significant effect on carcass weight, carcass yield, fleshing index, loin eye area and total edible portion (P>0.05). Sahel goats were however heavier and had higher empty body weight (EBW) than Sokoto Red goats, which were superior in body mass index (BMI) (P<0.05). Slaughter weight, EBW, BMI, carcass weight, fleshing index and loin eye area were significantly higher in mature goats, while young goats had a higher proportion of total edible portion. Dressing percent and total saleable portion were not affected by breed or age. It was found that age had a greater influence on yield characteristics of meat goats of the Semi-arid zone of North-western...
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A histomorphological study was conducted on the prenatal development of camel filiform papillae using standard histomorphological methods. In the experiment, fifteen Camelus dromedarius foetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir... more
A histomorphological study was conducted on the prenatal development of camel filiform papillae using standard histomorphological methods. In the experiment, fifteen Camelus dromedarius foetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for the study. The fetuses were weighed and grouped according to their gestational ages which were estimated using their crown-vertebral-rump length. From the fifteen (15) samples used for the study, five (5) belongs to the first trimester, five (5) from the second trimester and five (5) belongs to the third trimester. A total of ten (10) foetuses were males and five (5) were females. Grossly, in all the stages of development, the tongues were observed to be elongated, with flat surfaces and rounded at the apices. At first trimester, the tongues were seen as smooth muscle mass, with almost uniform width and thickness throughout the length. They were uniformly pinkish, no pigmentation and no visual evidence of ...
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This paper reports of some observations on the type and frequency of oestrous expressions in the red sokoto doe (RSD). There is reduced manifestation of oestrous signs in does kept without males. Presence of males and coitus also does... more
This paper reports of some observations on the type and frequency of oestrous expressions in the red sokoto doe (RSD). There is reduced manifestation of oestrous signs in does kept without males. Presence of males and coitus also does affect the nature and frequency of a given oestrous expression. The presence of a buck combined with cloprostenol (an oestrous synchronizing agent) induction produces intense manifestation of heat in a higher percentage of RSDs.
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Dystocia was observed in a primiparous one year old Red Sokoto doe (RSD) and was relieved manually, the fetus was observed to be monstrous and gross pathological examination showed cleft sternum, scoliosis, abdominal and thoracic... more
Dystocia was observed in a primiparous one year old Red Sokoto doe (RSD) and was relieved manually, the fetus was observed to be monstrous and gross pathological examination showed cleft sternum, scoliosis, abdominal and thoracic evisceration, absence of diaphragm, pulmonary hypoplasia, malpositioned kidney and heart, spinal inversion and limb ankylosis. The digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urogenital and skeletal systems anomalies were observed in this report. Many of the malformations and malpositioning have been previously reported. The above clinical findings suggest Schistosomus reflexus.
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Studyinvolving six weeks feeding trials was conducted at the college experimentalfarm, college of agriculture, Hassan Usman katsina polytechnic, katsina todetermined the effect of different energy levels (2400kcal/kg and 2600kcal/kg)diets... more
Studyinvolving six weeks feeding trials was conducted at the college experimentalfarm, college of agriculture, Hassan Usman katsina polytechnic, katsina todetermined the effect of different energy levels (2400kcal/kg and 2600kcal/kg)diets on the serum biochemical parameters of Japanese quails (coturnix coturnixjapanicum). Fifty (50) day old Quails chicks were procured and divided randomlyinto two treatment groups designated as T1 and T2. Each treatment wasreplicated three times with eight birds per replicate. Both treatments indicateno significances difference (P>0.05) in the biochemical parameters ofquails. Both T1 and T2 showed an increase in the value of sodium and totalprotein and the values of urea, T bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and albumin were lower than the referencesvalues. Feed and water were given ad libitum daily. At the end of the trialperiod two birds were chosen randomly and blood sample were collected th...
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A Biometrical study was conducted on the digestive tract of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of five months at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the... more
A Biometrical study was conducted on the digestive tract of 35 foetuses of the one-humped camel collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of five months at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the foetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. The mean body weight of the foetus at first, second third trimester ranged from 1.40 ± 0.06 kg, 6.10 ± 0.05 kg and 17.87 ± 0.6 kg respectively. The mean weights of the entire digestive system at first, second and third trimester were 0.80 ± 0.07 kg, 2.13 ± 0.04 kg and 4.86 ± 0.08 kg respectively. The mean weights of the digestive tract at first, second and third trimester were 0.53 ± 0.07 kg, 1.03 ± 0.05 and 2.43 ± 0.07 kg respectively. T he small intestine at first trimester were found not to have any clear demarcation to show duodenum, jejunum and ileum; the entire small intestine was found to be 76.00 ± 3.00 cm at firs...
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A three (3) year old ewe weighing 37kg was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria with a prolapsed vaginal and anorexia. Clinical examination reveals straining, pain, weakness, rough hair... more
A three (3) year old ewe weighing 37kg was presented to the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria with a prolapsed vaginal and anorexia. Clinical examination reveals straining, pain, weakness, rough hair coat and diarrhea. The animal was reveals the presence of helminthes. However the animal lambed 2 days after presentation but uterine prolapse occurred. The Helminthosis was treated using Albendazole suspension; while the prolapsed organs corrected in each case. Straining must have caused the vaginal prolapse while the violent contraction uterus coupled with the fact that the animal is a primiparal and the parturition that interrupted tile initial management of the vaginal prolapse may be responsible for the uterine prolapse.
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ABSTRACT
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The study was conducted on one hundred and twenty (120) Anak-2000 broiler chickens for four weeks to assess the comparative effects of supplementation of three commercial probiotics (Biocyn ®, Grow-fast ® and El-rox®) on growth and... more
The study was conducted on one hundred and twenty (120) Anak-2000 broiler chickens for four weeks to assess the comparative effects of supplementation of three commercial probiotics (Biocyn ®, Grow-fast ® and El-rox®) on growth and haematological profiles in finishing phase. The birds were randomly divided into four treatments (T0, T1, T2 and T3) with thirty (30) birds per treatment. The control group (T0) was fed only the commercial ration(Vital feed®) and the treatment groups; T1, T2 and T3 were respectively fed in addition to the commercial ration; Biocyn®, Grow-fast® and El-rox® @ 10g/L each, every day in drinking water for four weeks. Data on the mean final body weight, mean weekly feed intake, mean weekly weight gain, mean feed conversion ratio, internal organs traits and haematological parameters (Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC)) were obtained. All the data collected from the treatment groups were significantly different (P≤0.05) from the contr...
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Crossbreeding of desert goat does with the temperate SaanenxToggenburg buck was found to result in a significant increase in the daily live-weight gain and the empty body weight of their progeny slaughtered at about 30 kg live weight when... more
Crossbreeding of desert goat does with the temperate SaanenxToggenburg buck was found to result in a significant increase in the daily live-weight gain and the empty body weight of their progeny slaughtered at about 30 kg live weight when compared with purebred desert goat kids (P < 0·001). Food intake did not differ between the two types of kids, but live-weight food conversion efficiency was significantly superior in crossbred kids (P < 0·05).Carcass weight and killing-out proportion tended to be greater in the crossbred kids reflecting lower weights of head, skin, internal organs and gut fill. Breed types did not differ in the weights of individual wholesale cuts. Carcass dissection revealed significantly higher muscle proportion (P < 0·05), significantly lower fat proportion (P < 0·01) and higher muscle: bone ratio in the crossbred kids.
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Hot cutting of goat sides into bone-in joints, such as leg, shoulder and loin, 3 h after the sides were left hanging at an ambient temperature of 34°C with (treatment II) or without (treatment I) subsequent chilling prior to freezing did... more
Hot cutting of goat sides into bone-in joints, such as leg, shoulder and loin, 3 h after the sides were left hanging at an ambient temperature of 34°C with (treatment II) or without (treatment I) subsequent chilling prior to freezing did not adversely affect colour of meat, tenderness, cooking loss or water-holding capacity compared with normal chilling. The latter process (treatment III) significantly (P &lt; 0·05) increased evaporative weight loss from the sides. Differences in colour, shear force, evaporative weight loss, cooking loss, drip loss from the leg joint and water-holding capacity between treatment I, where sides were hung at room temperature for 3h, and treatment II, where sides were given an additional chilling period of 21h after hanging, were not significant. These findings indicate that, in countries with ambient temperatures above 30°C, goat sides or carcasses can be cut hot after a 3h hanging period at ambient temperature and subsequently frozen without deterioration in the quality or processing properties of the meat.
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Measurement of various parts of reproductive system of sixteen non-pregnant female cats (Queen) were used, the cats were of Mongrel non-specified breeds but different age and live weight. The average weight of entire genitalia of adult... more
Measurement of various parts of reproductive system of sixteen non-pregnant female cats (Queen) were used, the cats were of Mongrel non-specified breeds but different age and live weight. The average weight of entire genitalia of adult queen cats and small queen cat’s genitalia ranged from 2.84 – 3.11g and 2.14 – 2.48g respectively. The mean length and diameter of ovaries ranged from 0.67cm to 0.3cm to 0.3cm, 0.3cm to 0.43cm in adult queen cat and small queen cats respectively. Dimension of ovaries of adult queen cat was greater than that of small cats. The mean length and diameter of uterine horns ranged from 7.4cm to 7.6cm and 6.3cm to 7.3cm in adult and small queen cats respectively. There was a great variation in length and diameter of uterine horns of adult and small queen cats. The mean length and diameter of the body of uterus ranged from 1.06cm to 1.1cm, 0.76cm to 1.06cm in adult and small queen cats respectively. The cervix of small cats was smaller compared to adult ...
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The study was designed to assess the competence of the Veterinary laboratory staff involved in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) diagnosis in Nigeria with particular focus on the Nigerian Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Jos... more
The study was designed to assess the competence of the Veterinary laboratory staff involved in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) diagnosis in Nigeria with particular focus on the Nigerian Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Jos (NVRI) and the five disignated Nigerian Veterinary Teaching Hospitals for the diagnosis of HPAI using a structured questionare. Each of these laboratories should have the capacity to carry out screening direct antigen detection tests, immunofluorescence test and serological tests for antibody detection. The NVRI is expected to carry out virus isolation and identification and any other isolate characterization. Out of the 69 respondents involved in the diagnosis of HPAI, 15 (21.7%) were Senior Veterinary Research Officers while 19 (27.5%), 3(4.3%), 4(5.8%), 14(20.3%), and 2(2.9%) were Veterinary Research Officers, Chief Technologists, Assistant Chief Technologists and Technologists respectively. Holders of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Degree (DVM) acco...
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A biometrical study was conducted on some aspects of the reproductive system of 16 local breed Tom cats ( Felis catus domestica ) collected within Sokoto metropolis at different ages. The age of the cats was estimated from teeth eruption... more
A biometrical study was conducted on some aspects of the reproductive system of 16 local breed Tom cats ( Felis catus domestica ) collected within Sokoto metropolis at different ages. The age of the cats was estimated from teeth eruption and wearing and grouped into groups A to E as A (3- 6 months), B(6 months - 1 year), C(1- 1 1 / 2 year), D(1 1 / 2 -2 years) and E(2-4 years) respectively. Age difference was the major consideration factor during this study. The mean live weight of the tom cats were 0.78 ± 0.02kg, 1.25 ± 0.0 7kg, 1.63 ± 0.06, 2.1± 0.06kg and 2.3 ± 0.08kg respectively. The percentage of the mean genitalia weight compared to the mean body weight in relation to their age showed a range of 0.5-1%. The mean weight, length and width of the testes were recorded with no significant difference between the right and left testis. The mean weight of the genitalia at an age of 3-6 months was 8.4±0.02g. The age at puberty of tom cats was about 6months and the weight of the ...
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General anaesthesia is known to be associated with the risk of cardiopulmonary depression, therefore the use of a safer means of anaesthesia as an alternative has to be explored. Epidural anaesthesia technique is known for its simplicity,... more
General anaesthesia is known to be associated with the risk of cardiopulmonary depression, therefore the use of a safer means of anaesthesia as an alternative has to be explored. Epidural anaesthesia technique is known for its simplicity, safety and effectiveness and is one of the most frequently used regional anesthetic techniques described for surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus in small animal practice. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lumbo-sacral epidural injection of a mixture of 7.5 mg/kg of 2% lignocaine solution and 0.2 mg/kg 0.5% diazepam solution in 10 apparently healthy Nigerian local dogs undergoing caudectomy. Onset of neural blocked recorded was 6.5 ± 1.35 min (mean ± SD), duration of analgesia was 54.4 ± 5.38 min (mean ± SD) and duration of recumbency was 115.1 ± 36.1min (mean ± SD). Changes observed in the Pulse rate (PR), Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), Respiratory rate (RR) and Rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at 10 min in...
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A study was carried out to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds fed with varying level of choline inclusion in their diets; T1 (control), T2 (10g/10kg) and T3 (20g/10kg). A total of 225 marshall broiler... more
A study was carried out to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds fed with varying level of choline inclusion in their diets; T1 (control), T2 (10g/10kg) and T3 (20g/10kg). A total of 225 marshall broiler chicks were randomly divided into three (3) treatment group of 75 birds each. Each group was divided into five (5) replicates of fifteen (15) birds each laid in a completely randomized design. Feed and water was supplied ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for 49 days. The total feed intake (1316.75-14442.18) (24437.13-31999.76) for starter and finisher respectively, body weight gain (6227.30-8241.20) (10956.64-14182.96) for starter and finisher respectively, feed conversion ratio (1.73-2.26) (2.21-2.48) for starter and finisher respectively. Many (thigh, wings, back) of the carcass parameters measured were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the treatments but significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in drum stick, breast and neck. ...
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The research on effects fertilizer sources and planting pattern on the growth of the two grass species was conducted at Janzomo farm, Shagari LGA, Sokoto State. Sokoto lies on Latitude 12.00 0 and 13.60 0 N, Longitude 4.80 0 and 6.50 0 E... more
The research on effects fertilizer sources and planting pattern on the growth of the two grass species was conducted at Janzomo farm, Shagari LGA, Sokoto State. Sokoto lies on Latitude 12.00 0 and 13.60 0 N, Longitude 4.80 0 and 6.50 0 E and 350m above sea level.. It involved sole planting of A. gayanus, P. pedicellatum and combination of the two grasses. The seeds were drilled and broadcasted in fertilizer treated and untreated plots of 2.5m x 2.5m under rain fed conditions.NPK treated plants produced tallest stems in comparison with NPFY and FYM while both fertilizer sources produced plants that had significantly (p≥0.05) taller stems than CTR. This meant that these grass species responded positively to the application of fertilizers, particularly NPK. The increase in plant height with application of nitrogenous fertilizer could be attributed to its role in protein synthesis and a key component of plant chlorophyll, therefore, a necessary ingredient for overall growth and development of all plants. Broadcasted plants produced significantly (p≥0.05) taller stems and longer leaves that respectively reached 102.6cm and 43cm. On the other hand, drilled plants produced 72 leaves and 17 tillers. This showed that significant difference (p≥0.05) existed between the planting patterns in which broadcasted plants had taller stems, longer and wider leaves whereas drilled plants possessed more leaves and tillers for the two seasons. This indicated that broadcasted plants had significantly (p≥0.05) taller stems, longer and wider leaves than drilled plants which were attributed to relatively even space in the broadcasted plots. Drilled plants produced significantly (p≥0.05) large number of tillers than broadcasted plants. This was probably due to competition for space in which plants maximized space to occupy and survive.
An anatomical study was conducted on the development of cattle spleen using standard histomorphological methods. Fifteen Sokoto gudali cattle fetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for... more
An anatomical study was conducted on the development of cattle spleen using standard histomorphological methods. Fifteen Sokoto gudali cattle fetuses obtained from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir at different gestational ages were used for the study. The fetuses were weighed and grouped according to their gestational ages using their crown-vertebral-rump length. Gross observation of the organ shown that, the spleen was observed to be elongated, with flat surfaces and rounded at the apices in all the stages of development. At first trimester, the spleens were seen as smooth massive organ, with almost uniform width and thickness throughout the length. They were uniformly pinkish, no definite shape and no visual regional boundaries. At second trimester, the spleens were observed to have taken the normal shape of adult cattle with definite shape and visual regional boundaries (base, body and apex). Biometrically, the weight of the foetuses, the crown – vertebral – rump – length, weight of the spleen, length of the spleen, width of the spleen and volume of the spleen were found to be increasing progressively with advancement in gestational age (first trimester to third trimester). Histological observations showed that the spleens had variable shape and size of the red pulp, white pulp, trabercular connective tissue and capsular thickness depending on the stage of development. A special feature of connective tissue inter-digitations of variable sizes into the parenchyma was observed along the whole surface at 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. Based on the findings in the study, cattle's spleen had little/few variations with true ruminant and much similarity with so many domestic animals in terms of development.
Abstract A histomorphological study of the development of foetal cerebellum was conducted. It was observed that at first trimester there were fewer fissures in the folia which progressively increased towards the third trimester. It was... more
Abstract
A histomorphological study of the development of foetal cerebellum was conducted. It was observed that at first trimester there were fewer fissures in the folia which progressively increased towards the third trimester. It was also observed that the histology of cerebellum of camel foetus at first trimester showed clear distinct external granular layer which was thin densely parked with cells which progressively decrease in thickness and amount of cells towards the third trimester. The next layer which was the molecular layer with less cell (stellate and basket) compared to the external germinal layer increased in volume with increased age. The molecular layer was followed by a densely cell (Golgi and granule) packed internal granular layer which progressively increased from first trimester to the third trimester. Purkinje cells which were in-between molecular and internal granular layer were not seen in the first trimester but were gradually becoming more visible in the subsequent trimesters. The development of the cerebellum in this study is similar to what was observed in most of the animal species.
A histomorphological study of the development of foetal cerebellum was conducted. It was observed that at first trimester there were fewer fissures in the folia which progressively increased towards the third trimester. It was also observed that the histology of cerebellum of camel foetus at first trimester showed clear distinct external granular layer which was thin densely parked with cells which progressively decrease in thickness and amount of cells towards the third trimester. The next layer which was the molecular layer with less cell (stellate and basket) compared to the external germinal layer increased in volume with increased age. The molecular layer was followed by a densely cell (Golgi and granule) packed internal granular layer which progressively increased from first trimester to the third trimester. Purkinje cells which were in-between molecular and internal granular layer were not seen in the first trimester but were gradually becoming more visible in the subsequent trimesters. The development of the cerebellum in this study is similar to what was observed in most of the animal species.
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Assist. Prof.(DR) ABDULRAHMAN BELLO
Home Address: House No 103 Murtala Mohd way, fagge’c opposite fagge juma’at mosque fagge local government, Kano state.
Home Address: House No 103 Murtala Mohd way, fagge’c opposite fagge juma’at mosque fagge local government, Kano state.