VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION General Consideration – Distresses monitoring – Causes of distresses – Quality assurance – Defects due to climate, chemicals, wear and erosion – Inspection – Structural appraisal – Economic appraisal. PART A 1. 2. Define Maintenance? Recall about Repair? BT 1 BT 1 3. Define distress in a structure? BT 1 4. List the importance of Maintenance. BT 1 5. Describe about quality assurance. BT 1 6. Examine the uses of economic appraisal. BT 1 7. Explain Rehabilitation. BT 2 8. What are the classifications of distress? BT 2 9. Discuss the effect of climate in concrete structures. BT 2 10. Summarize the effects of chemicals in concrete structures. BT 2 11. Illustrate the important aspects of rehabilitation. BT 3 12. Demonstrate about the term strength of concrete. BT 3 13. Relate the effects of wear and erosion in concrete. BT 3 14. Examine the causes of distress in the structures. BT 4 15. Criticize about the steps in maintenance. BT 4 16. Analyse the effects of structural appraisal. BT 4 17. Argue why quality assurance is needed? BT 5 18. Evaluate the types of maintenance BT 5 19. Write about structural appraisal. BT 6 20. Conclude the concept of economic appraisal. BT 6 PART B 1. Describe in detail about the facets of maintenance and its importance BT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 2. Define and discuss quality assurance in concrete construction? BT 1 3. List and explain the parameters affecting the quality of concrete construction? BT 1 4. Tabulate and explain the defects due to a. Climate and (6 marks) b. Chemicals. (7 marks) a. Summarize the significance of quality assurance in building construction? (6 marks) b. How will this be helpful to control building distress? ( 7 marks) Discuss in detail about structural appraisal and explain with a case study? BT 1 BT 2 9. a. Classify the method of inspection? (5 marks) b. Explain any two non – destructive testing in concrete (8 marks) Write the types of defects in concrete, masonry structures, plastering and steel structures Illustrate the steps carried out in inspection? 10. Analyse the assessment procedure for evaluating a damaged structure BT 4 11. Explain the causes of distresses and distress monitoring with suitable illustrations. a. Explain in detail about economic appraisal? ( 8 marks) b. Justify why economic appraisal should be carried out? (5 marks) BT 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 12. 13. 14. 1. 2. 3. 4. BT 2 BT 2 BT 3 BT 3 BT 5 A multi storied apartment was fully affected by earthquake load. How do you BT 5 assess the building? Prepare a report and explain the present condition of the building. Explain the process of wearing and erosion damages in concrete. Suggest suitable BT 6 technique a. To control the above two damages ( 7 marks) b. To restore concrete subjected to the above two damages (6 marks) PART C List the importance of maintenance. Explain the service life behaviour of structures with respect to maintenance. Explain in detail about causes and effects of any four defects in concrete. BT 1 Draw different crack patterns in a reinforced concrete beam and explain their causes and remedial measures. Explain with a case study on distressed Highway Reinforced concrete bridge? BT 5 BT 4 BT 6 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK UNIT 2 BUILDING CRACKS Causes – diagnosis – remedial measures – Thermal and Shrinkage cracks – unequal loading – Vegetation and trees – Chemical action – Foundation movements – Techniques for repair – Epoxy injection. PART A 1. 2. Define crazing Describe active cracks. BT 1 BT 1 3. Tell a few words about dormant cracks. BT 1 4. List the types of trees based on their life cycle. BT 1 5. List the techniques for repairing cracks. BT 1 6. Define carbonation. BT 1 7. Discuss about thermal conductivity. BT 2 8. Describe stitching. BT 2 9. Explain about overlays and blanketing. BT 2 10. Summarize routing and sealing. BT 2 11. Illustrate what is thermal diffusivity. BT 3 12. Interpret the causes of cracks. BT 3 13. Demonstrate the characteristics of thermal crack. BT 3 14. Write the classification of cracks based on width? BT 4 15. Examine remedial measures for cracks in buildings. BT 4 16. Analyse the effects of vegetation in buildings? BT 4 17. Justify how the foundation movement results in cracks. BT 5 18. Evaluate the effects of vegetation in buildings. BT 5 19. BT 6 20. Select and suggest the remedial measure to reduce the effects of vegetation and trees. Conclude how epoxy injection will be effective to arrest building cracks. 1. PART B Describe about the techniques for repairing cracks BT 6 BT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 2. a. List out the circumstances where grouting technique is warranted? ( 6 marks) b. Explain epoxy injection technique employed in building repair? ( 7 marks) Tabulate how vegetation and trees results in building crack? BT 1 BT 1 5. Tell in detail about a. routing ( 6 marks) and b. sealing. ( 7 marks) Interpret the effects of unequal loading in the building? 6. Classify the causes of cracks and how it is minimise it? BT 2 7. Identify the causes of shrinkage cracks and remedial measures for the same. BT 2 8. Illustrate briefly about epoxy injection process? BT 3 9. BT 3 10. Classify the reasons for the formation of cracks due to chemical and foundation movement. Examine and explain in detail about thermal cracks. 11. Analyse the various techniques for repair of foundation movements. BT 4 12. Prepare the indications of foundation settlement and suggest suitable precautionary measures to control this problem. Design with detailed sketches, the cracking effects in concrete structures due to wear, erosion, temperature and chemicals. Decide the precautions and checks to be followed to assure quality control on the day of concreting. PART C Explain the different methods to be followed to prevent the movement of foundations With sketches explain the probable design and construction errors. Also tabulate the cover thickness for various exposure conditions as per IS. BT 5 3. Explain the techniques to repair a dormant cracks and active cracks separately? BT 5 4. Give a case study on building cracks which are formed due to various reasons. BT 6 3. 4. 13. 14. 1. 2. BT 1 BT 2 BT 4 BT 6 BT 6 BT 2 BT 3 UNIT 3 MOISTURE PENETRATION Sources of dampness – Moisture movement from ground – Reasons for ineffective DPC – Roof leakage – Pitched roofs – Madras Terrace roofs – Leakage of Concrete slabs – Dampness in solidwalls – condensation – hygroscopic salts – remedial treatments – Ferro cement overlay – Chemical coatings – Flexible and rigid coatings. PART A 1. Define Overlay. BT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 2. List out the chemicals used for coatings? BT 1 3. Examine the remedial treatments for moisture penetration? BT 1 4. Where do we use sealants. BT 1 5. Describe how we can prevent the effect of freezing and thawing in concrete? BT 1 6. Define ferrocement BT 1 7. Explain raising Dampness. BT 2 8. Summarize the method of waterproofing of RCC roof. BT 2 9. Interpret the characters of good coating. BT 2 10. Classify the application of ferro cement. BT 2 11. BT 3 12. Classify some concrete materials used to overcome weathering action on concrete? Choose some materials that can be used as protective surface coatings. 13. Criticize the causes and effects of dampness in building? Explain the remedies. BT 3 14. Analyse the source of dampness BT 4 15. Distinguish between flexible and rigid coatings. BT 4 16. Explain the use of anti-fungus admixtures. BT 4 17. Prepare a list of suitable materials for DPC BT 5 18. Evaluate the use of curing compounds. BT 5 19. Summarize any two tests for assessment of frost damage? BT 6 20. Conclude the importance of cover to reinforcement steel in RCC. BT 6 BT 3 PART B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. List out the various types of leakage in RCC roof? How it is controlled. Tell about the ill effects of moisture movement into the brick walls? How will you restore ineffective DPC? Illustrate flexible and rigid coatings with case study BT 1 BT 1 Explain the construction of Madras Terrace Roof and list the advantages and disadvantages. With a case study Classify how to control the leakage of concrete slabs. BT 1 Identify the different type of fibres used in concrete? Explain briefly their merits and demerits. BT 2 BT 1 BT 2 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 7. BT 2 8. Summarize detailed note on a. Characteristics of good coating ( 6 marks) b. Chemical coating (7 marks) Demonstrate the method of waterproofing of RCC roof. 9. Illustrate in detail about the weathering action on concrete. BT 3 10. Examine the causes and effects of dampness in building? Explain the remedies. BT 4 11. Analyse the various sources for dampness in solid walls and the remedial treatments with suitable illustration. Create a step by step procedure to control leakage in pitched roof. BT 4 A RCC bridge is under distress showing wide cracks of more than 1 cm, due to some causes such as freezing- thaw effect, poor design and detailing , improper cover for rebars, drying, shrinkage etc.,. As an engineer how would you repair the bridge and make it functional. Justify your recommendation for the suggestion of remedies. Design a RCC roof slab and a Madras Terrace roof which is under leakage problem and suggest suitable remedial measures. PART C BT 5 1. Explain the possible roof leakages in a deteriorated building. BT 2 2. Analyse the method to stop leakage in a newly constructed residential building. BT 4 3. Evaluate a dam structure which is having cracks due to F.S.L and suggest methods to rectify. BT 5 4. Give a case study on Moisture penetration and suggest suitable methods to avoid the same. BT 6 12. 13. 14. BT 3 BT 5 BT 6 UNIT 4 DISTRESSES AND REMEDIES Concrete Structures: Introduction – Causes of deterioration – Diagnosis of causes – Flow charts for diagnosis – methods of repair – repairing, spalling and disintegration – Repairing of concrete floors and pavements. Steel Structures : Types and causes for deterioration – preventive measures – Repair procedure – Brittle fracture – Lamellar tearing – Defects in welded joints – Mechanism of corrosion – Design ofprotect against corrosion – Design and fabrication errors – Distress during erection. Masonry Structures: Discoloration and weakening of stones – Biotical treatments – Preservation –Chemical preservatives – Brick masonry structures – Distresses and remedial measures. PART A 1. Identify the causes of deterioration. BT 1 2. List out any two possible reasons for spalling of cover concrete BT 1 3. Tabulate the cover to be provided for various exposure conditions as per IS code. BT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 4. BT 1 5. List some chemical preservatives used in masonry structures to avoid discoloration? Define corrosion inhibitors and corrosion. 6. When and where is the corrosion inhibiting chemicals used. BT 1 7. Explain how deterioration occurs due to corrosion? BT 2 8. BT 2 9. Discuss about the environmental effects which lead to deterioration of concrete structures? Classify any two atmospheric agents responsible for corrosion. 10. Summarize the reason for efflorescence. BT 2 11. Illustrate under what circumstances stones will discolour. BT 3 12. Sketch the mechanism of cathodic protection. BT 3 13. Interpret the concept - weathering corrosion. BT 3 14. Classify the types of deterioration in steel structures. BT 4 15. Examine and explain what you know about deterioration. BT 4 16. Criticize about weakening of stones. BT 4 17. Cover to reinforcement steel in RCC is important - justify. BT 5 18. "Design and construction errors leads to deterioration of structure”. Is this statement true? Justify. Design an equation explaining the mechanism of corrosion. BT 5 BT 6 2. Recommend some steps to determine the causes for deterioration of concrete structures? PART B Describe the preventive and repair procedure for deterioration in a. Concrete and ( 6 marks) b. Steel structures. ( 7 marks) Tell about distress and its remedial measures in masonry structures. 3. Describe the process of epoxy injection with neat sketch. BT 1 4. Examine the various corrosion protection methods. BT 1 5. BT 2 6. Discuss about design and construction errors leading to deterioration of structures. Classify the various causes of deterioration in concrete structures. 7. Summarize the types and causes of deterioration in steel structures and explain. BT 2 19. 20. 1. BT 1 BT 2 BT 6 BT 1 BT 1 BT 2 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 8. Illustrate and briefly explain the preparation process of rust eliminators and foam concrete. A steel structure is to be erected in a place with corrosion ambience. Sketch a suitable preventive measure to keep the corrosion problem in control. Analyse the various methods adopted for repairing of various types of concrete floors and pavements. A RCC structure constructed in deep sea is found to show distress due to corrosion of rebars. As a maintenance engineer you are left with the responsibility of repairing it and further maintaining it. Compare the various methods of repair and suggest suitable measure for its rehabilitation with justification. Evaluate a. What are the defects in welded joints? ( 7 marks) b. Under what circumstances stones will discolour in masonry structures. ( 6 marks) Justify the role of FRP in corrosion resistant in RCC structures. BT 3 14. An RCC building is under distress due to rebar corrosion. Column, Beam and Slabs are under cracks. The age of the building is 25 years. Formulate a flowchart for diagnosis and suitable repair scheme. PART C BT 6 1. A Steel column is in deteriorated state which holds the truss of the roof. Give the reasons for deteriorated & solutions for the same 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 2. 3. 4. A Masonry structure is subjected to multiple loading because of that the cracks are developed. Analyse the structure & specify the suitable steps to rectify. A steel girder is already deteriorated due to corrosion. Give methods for the same. Write a case study on the evaluation of deteriorated concrete slab & column. Suggest how to rectify. BT 3 BT 4 BT 4 BT 5 BT 5 BT 4 BT 4 BT 5 BT 6 UNIT 5 STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES General principle – relieving loads – Strengthening super structures – plating – Conversation to composite construction – post stressing – Jacketing – bonded overlays – Reinforcement addition –strengthening the substructures – under pinning – Increasing the load capacity of footing – Design for rehabilitation. PART A 1. Define Stitching. BT 1 2. Tell about Jacketing. BT 1 3. Describe about Blanketing. BT 1 4. Recall what Guniting is. BT 1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 5. List out the major uses of plating to strengthen existing structure. BT 1 6. Define Grouting. BT 1 7. Explain dry pack. BT 2 8. Classify the types of process in Shotcrete. BT 2 9. Discuss about ferro cement BT 2 10. Write a report on Shotcrete. BT 2 11. BT 3 12. Show how bonding can be ensured between a new layer of concrete over a existing old concrete? Illustrate the stages in dry mix process in Shotcrete. 13. Write a short note on epoxy coatings. BT 3 14. Analyse the demerits of plating techniques used in strengthening RC elements. BT 4 15. Criticize on shoring and underpinning. BT 4 16. Examine the concept of post stressing. BT 4 17. Evaluate the methods to overcome low member strength in concrete structures. BT 5 18. Justify the need of various techniques for soil improvement. BT 5 19. Design how metal bonding is done on concrete member. BT 6 20. Formulate how clamps are used to overcome low member strength. BT 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. PART B Recall and write briefly about the design procedure for rehabilitation. a. Identify the importance of adding external reinforcement for strengthening in buildings. ( 5 marks) b. Explain the above technique in detail. ( 8 marks) Describe in detail about underpinning and its methods. Examine the various techniques to repair spalling and disintegration of concrete. Classify the advanced techniques available to strengthen the existing structure. Discuss with an example how underpinning is to be done if the client wants to increase the number of floors in his building? Summarize the measure to be taken during construction to minimize the damages due to earthquake. With simple sketch explain the methods of improving the strength of existing RC columns and beams BT 3 BT 1 BT 1 BT 1 BT 1 BT 2 BT 2 BT 2 BT 3 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES QUESTION BANK 9. Illustrate in detail the a. Causes for strengthening the structures. ( 7 marks) b. Methods to strengthen damaged steel members (6 marks) a. Classify the different types of plates /laminates used for strengthening of structural element? ( 6 marks) b. Discuss different strengthening techniques of damaged members. ( 7 marks) Examine the different methods of strengthening the concrete structures against earthquake. An old masonry building constructed on clayey bed is under distress due to foundation failure/ settlement. Design a suitable foundation strengthening methods. An RCC beam needs to be strengthened to take additional load. Decide and suggest necessary strengthening methods including materials. Design with suitable sketch, the process of strengthening superstructure and the advantage of composite construction. PART C BT 3 1. Explain the advance technique available to strengthen the existing structures. BT 2 2. A 25 years old building has to withstand the load after considering the economical aspect suggest what should be done for the building, whether to strengthen or to demolish. Justify your statement Give a case study on the strengthening of auditorium which is constructed a few years before. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 3. 4. The pamban bridge has to be strengthened in the normal working condition (i.e.) should not affect the transportation. Suggest suitable methods to strengthen. BT 4 BT 4 BT 5 BT 6 BT 6 BT 4 BT 5 BT 6