В статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до оцінки соціально-економічних наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій природного та техногенного характеру, на основі аналізу та порівняння української та зарубіжної наукової думки та практичних розробок з цієї проблематики запропоновано створення нової методики оцінки наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій.

Cilj kvantitativnog istraživanja predstavlja naučna eksplikacija uticaja određenih činioca na modalitete informisanja građana o vanrednim situacijama. Posebna pažnja je bila usmerena ka ispitivanju uticaja sledećih činioca na informisanje: pol, godine starosti, obrazovanje, bračni status, status zaposlenosti i roditeljstva, percepcija rizika i prethodno iskustvo. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u toku 2015. godine i višeetapnim slučajnim uzorkovanjem anketirano je 2500 građana u 19 lokalnih zajednica u Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati deskriptivnih statističkih analiza pokazuju da je najviše građana o vanrednim situacijama informisano preko televizije 58,9%, zatim preko štampe 31,7%, ukućana 31,2%, interneta 28,7%, radio emisija 15,7%, u školi 14,3% i u na kraju u okviru porodice 12%. Rezultati inferencijalnih statističkih analiza pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna povezanost načina informisanja preko televizija sa polom, bračnim statusom i statusom zaposlenosti. Sa druge strane, način informisanja preko radio emisija je povezan sa obrazovanjem i prethodnim iskustvom. Na informisanje građana preko štampe i interneta statistički značajno utiču pol, obrazovanje i bračni status. Ispitivanje modaliteta informisanja građana o vanrednim situacijama ima veliki naučni i društveni značaj. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja u velikoj meri mogu uticati na opredeljenje izbora najadekvatnijeg načina informisanja pojedinih kategorija građana. Originalnost istraživanja ogleda se u neispitanom stanju i modalitetima najoptimalnijeg informisanja građana o vanrednim situacijama u Srbiji. Ključne reči: bezbednost, vanredne situacije, informisanje, činioci, građani.

Kulturno-istorijsko nasleđe često je tokom istorije bilo ugroženo zbog ljudske nepažnje, nestručnosti, vandalizma, požara, prirodnih katastrofa i vanrednih situacija. Navedeni uzroci, a pogotovo požar, mogu uništiti ili nepopravljivo oštetiti jedinstvene zbirke, originalne dokumente i eksponate u roku od nekoliko minuta, uzrokujući ne samo materijalnu štetu, već i gubitke za samo društvo. U radu su dati prikazi nekih od najrazornijih katastrofa, tokom kojih je uništena neprocenjiva istorijsko-kulturološka dokumentacija u arhivima, bibliotekama, galerijama i muzejima širom sveta. Autori su, takođe, predstavili četiri studije slučaja, te naučene lekcije i preporuke na nacionalnom i međunarodnom nivou, koje su od ključne važnosti za zaštitu i prevenciju arhivske građe, materijala, opreme i osoblja u ustanovama kulture. --- LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT THE PROTECTION OF ARCHIVE MATERIALS DURING DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES Throughout history, cultural and historical heritage has often been threatened by human carelessness, incompetence, vandalism, fires, natural disasters and emergencies. These causes, especially fire, can destroy or irreparably damage unique collections, original documents and exhibits within a few minutes, causing not only material damage but also losses for society itself. The paper describes some of the most devastating disasters, which destroyed invaluable historical and cultural documentation in archives, libraries, galleries and museums worldwide. The authors also presented four case studies, lessons learned and guidelines at the national and international level, which are of key importance for protecting and preventing archival materials, equipment and personnel in cultural institutions.

Scientific research titled "Readiness of High Schools in the West Morava River Basin in the Republic of Serbia for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management" aimed to explore the factors influencing the readiness and capacities of high schools, civil society organizations, and local governments, including civil protection departments, in the West Morava River Basin in Serbia in preventing disaster risks in accordance with the Law on Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. The research included an analysis of the effectiveness of collaboration between civil protection departments, high schools, and civil society organizations in the West Morava River Basin regarding integrated disaster risk management, the involvement of youth and civil society organizations in the reform of integrated disaster risk management, the level of readiness, and the factors influencing youth in raising public awareness of the importance of disaster risk reduction, as well as the development of multisectoral collaboration between high schools, local governments, and civil society organizations in reducing disaster risks. The general hypothesis of the research suggests that the level of readiness and capacities of high schools, local governments, and civil society organizations are lower, there is insufficiently effective collaboration, limited youth representation in reform processes, and underdeveloped multisectoral cooperation, as confirmed by the research. Using a multi-method approach, existing data sources, documentation, archival material, and data generated through surveys of students, teachers, and employees in civil protection departments were utilized. Quantitative research methods were employed for data analysis, including parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. The results of the analysis provided insights into the effectiveness of the disaster preparedness system in the researched area, laying the foundation for further recommendations and system improvement. Examined topics covered various aspects of disaster preparedness, including attitudes towards the role of students, the level of school preparedness, and the desire for additional training for teaching staff. The results indicate widespread support for involving students in disaster risk reduction activities, and the proposed recommendations include additional training for teachers, increased budgets for disaster risk education, stronger collaboration with relevant institutions, the introduction of practical exercises into the educational process, and enhanced awareness of collaboration opportunities. The results highlight the dominant use of the internet as the main source of information on disasters, emphasizing the importance of online resources in education. Weaknesses in school collaboration with specialized institutions and low parental involvement underscore the need for stronger collaboration between the education system and interested institutions. Student attitudes toward introducing disaster-related subjects vary, raising the need for additional analysis and curriculum adjustments. Insufficient partnership with non-governmental organizations and civil society indicates the need for expanded education beyond the formal educational framework. Students express the need for practical education and training, emphasizing the importance of evacuation simulations. Analyzing student attitudes regarding disaster preparedness reveals a high degree of agreement on involving students in preparedness plans. It is essential to emphasize students' inclination towards introducing subjects on safety culture and their awareness of the importance of individual preparations in emergencies. In conclusion, the research provides significant recommendations for improving educational strategies and collaboration in the field of disaster preparedness. These recommendations aim to raise educational standards and enhance overall safety in schools, creating an efficient and comprehensive disaster preparedness system in the educational environment. Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed: 1. Schools should actively collaborate with specialized institutions to provide updated and relevant disaster information. 2. Develop mechanisms for actively involving parents in disaster education to create synergy between school and family. 3. Consider integrating disaster-related materials into other subjects to better cover this topic within the existing curriculum. 4. Encourage the use of online resources for disaster education, providing students access to reliable information. 5. Collaborate with non-governmental organizations and civil society to enhance additional disaster education beyond the school curriculum. 6. Develop practical education programs, including evacuation simulations, to improve understanding and preparedness for disaster response. 7. Implement disaster simulations and evacuation exercises for active student participation in preparation processes and skill development. 8. Encourage and motivate teachers to conduct evacuation exercises, educate themselves on emergency response procedures, and transfer this knowledge to students. 9. Allow students to participate in disaster preparedness planning processes to strengthen their personal responsibility and awareness of risks. 10. Develop and strengthen collaboration with relevant disaster management authorities, schools, and rescue services for more effective student education. 11. Consider introducing subjects on Safety Culture into the curriculum to systematically address disaster risk reduction topics. 12. Increase student awareness of legal obligations related to disaster risk reduction to promote responsibility and compliance with regulations. 13. Conduct education on proper emergency response and enhance awareness of risks. 14. Ensure inclusivity in disaster preparedness processes, considering the diverse needs and abilities of students. 15. Comprehensive teacher training should include topics such as first aid and student safety during disasters. 16. Intensify collaboration with rescue services and non-governmental organizations, including regular meetings, joint exercises, and resource and information sharing. 17. Integrate practical exercises into the regular curriculum, focusing on realistic scenarios that may occur in a specific community. 18. In addition to organizing workshops and seminars, it is important to develop online platforms that provide continuous access to information on collaboration with rescue services and non-governmental organizations. 19. Improve access to information: organize training and workshops for teachers to enhance their understanding of disaster risk reduction. 20. Invite local disaster risk management experts to share their knowledge with teachers and students, etc. All these recommendations can contribute to the creation of a more effective disaster education system, increasing students' knowledge, awareness, and readiness to respond adequately in emergencies. These recommendations aim to strengthen the disaster education system and collaboration between schools and all relevant organizations, contributing to an overall increase in the safety of students and the preparedness of teaching staff to respond in emergency situations. Directed at various aspects of the educational process, these recommendations provide a complex and comprehensive approach to raising awareness and preparing for disasters in the education system.

All member states of the European Union have the Integrated protection and rescue system with 'SOS 112' system, and today this is a technical requirement for countries that are seeking to become the EU members. Although this system is regulated by the Law on Emergency Situations (2009) and National strategy (2011), it has not been implemented in the Republic of Serbia. In this article the authors analyze the importance and benefits of this system and the main reason why it is not implemented so far

Од првих спроведених истраживања из области катастрофа, велику пажњу истраживача, одувек је заокупљивало питање мултидимензионалне природе угрожености људи последицама таквих догађаја. Када су сва релевантна научна истраживања показала да су упркос стагнацији тренда догађања катастрофа у свету последице све озбиљније, почела се средином седамдесетих година развијати теорија угрожености од катастрофа. Управо тада, питање угрожености се почиње појављивати као основна претпоставка и идеја за ублажавање последица неуобичајених и несвакидашњих догађаја као што су катастрофе. Аутори у раду описују теорију угрожености од катастрофа, а при томе посебну пажњу поклањају теоријском одређењу, приступима и димензијама угрожености. Кључне речи: безбедност, катастрофе, угроженост, ризик, димензије.

Possible misuse of weapons of mass destruction for terrorist purposes, are a nightmare to emergency managers and serious threat to national security in a state. Because it is a very destructive weapon, the management of such emergencies is very complex and procedurally interlace. Specifically, the site of an emergency, it is more work of coordination of emergency services such as police, fire-rescue unit and ambulance service. Each emergency service, must have developed treatment procedure that complies with the general plan of response in the emergency. Emergency personnel must have appropriate equipment to operate in hazardous environments and be adequately prepared for the elimination of consequences resulting from emergencies. Emergency services will meet with many problems and difficulties in eliminating the consequences of terrorist attacks. In order to effectively manage emergency services, we need well-developed management system (ICS). The reaction to this emergency must be organized and efficient, otherwise the public will question the government's ability to deal with terrorists. Also, emergency personnel must keep the developed procedures and tactics of treatment. One of the most important treatment procedures in dealing with hazardous substances (WMD) is a procedure, 8 steps "(Eight Step Process). Each state has its own elaborate system of emergency management that is activated in the event of a terrorist attack caused by these weapons. The work at the beginning, in a systematic way, analyze the types and characteristics of weapons of mass destruction. Looking at the place and role of police, fire-rescue units and emergency department at the scene of an emergency. On the other hand, consider the organization of emergency services and management systems in these emergency situations. It also provides a general overview of the management of emergencies in the Russian Federation, the United States and Serbia.