Preliminary Remarks on Kanlitas (Eskişehir) Chalcolithic Pottery

Anatolia Antiqua, 2019

Istanbuler Mitteilungen , 2022

D'Anna, Maria Bianca – Sanders, Akiva – Fragnoli, Pamela The Late Chalcolithic Pottery of the Malatya and Altınova Regions. Distinct but Overlapping Communities of Practice This paper focuses on the ceramic industries from the Malatya and Altınova Plains in the Upper Euphrates Region of Eastern Turkey at the end of the Late Chalcolithic Period (LC 5, ca. 3400–3200 BCE). We introduce the products of these industries in their historical contexts, by connecting them with regional trends from the end of the Early Chalcolithic Period, in their geographic contexts, by comparing them to ceramic assemblages from Upper Mesopotamia and Central Anatolia, and in their architectural and social contexts. The picture that emerges is one in which enduring local traditions of ceramic production continue alongside newly introduced traditions that preserve their distinctiveness in appearance, function, and production techniques, although they were mostly produced locally. The products of the various potter communities that were involved in these parallel industries were integrated on matters of food storage, preparation, and consumption that cross-cut these communities while also emphasizing their distinctiveness. However, despite these overall similarities, deep differences in paste recipes, production techniques, and inter-regional connections between the close-by Malatya and Altınova Plains persist during every period addressed in this paper.

Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011

Ceramics from the late prehistoric periods at Sos Höyük, in Eastern Anatolia, located along a thoroughfare that connects the Trans-Caucasus, Iran and central Anatolia, were subjected to petrographic and X-ray fluorescence analysis in order to characterise the clay groups, with a view to determining provenance and production patterns. Dominated by Kura-Araxes Ware, the data from the sequence at Sos Höyük were compared with the previous studies from the neighbouring regions to understand commonalities in pottery production. The analyses reveal a local production of vessels, most probably for household use. Although Sos Höyük potters shared similarities in the procurement pattern of raw clays and production technique with their neighbours, differences can be also recognized.► We analyzed some Late Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze age ceramics of Kura-Araxes culture from Sos Höyük, in Eastern Anatolia using petrographic and geochemical methods. ► They were produced locally from different clay sources. ► No clear preference for any particular clay source for certain ceramic types and vice versa was determined. ► The ceramics were most likely produced for household use and local consumption. ► Our results show similarity in their pottery-making tradition, mode of production and production technique to the Kura-Araxes community in other regions.

Arkeoloji Dergisi , 2022

his study examines the pottery assemblage recovered from rescue excavations conducted in 2018 and 2019 at the prehistoric site of Kulaksızlar, which took its name from a synonymous village near the town of Akhisar in Manisa province. The site of Kulaksızlar is best known as a marble workshop concentrating on the production of Kilia Type figurines and conical vessels, both being hallmarks of the second half of the fifth millennium BC in western Anatolia. Kulaksızlar is a settlement that contributes to our knowledge of the Middle Chalcolithic period, which was poorly understood in the past. The pottery assemblage from two seasons of rescue excavations is important as its analysis allows us to place the site in its temporal and cultural context and helps us to understand the material world of the inhabitants of the site other than working with marble. Özet Bu çalışma Manisa ili Akhisar ilçesi Kulaksızlar köyü yakınında aynı adlı prehistorik yerleşimde 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında yapılan kurtarma kazıları sırasında ele geçen çanak çömlek buluntu topluluğunu inceler. Kulaksızlar yerleşimi daha çok M.Ö. 5. bin yılın ikinci yarısının işaret ürünlerinden olan Kilya tipi idoller ve konik rhytonlar üreten bir mermer işleme atölyesi ile tanınmaktadır. Bu yüzden Kulaksızlar geçmişte Batı Anadolu'nun en az bilinen dönemlerinden biri olan Orta Kalkolitik dönemi tanımlamamıza yardımcı olan bir yerleşimdir. İki kurtarma kazısı sezonunda ele geçen seramiklerin analizi hem bu yerleşimin kronolojik ve kültürel bağlamlarını ortaya koymak hem de bu yerleşim sakinlerinin mermer işçiliği dışındaki materyal dünyalarını tanımlamak için önemlidir.

Fragments of possible fired clay found at Boncuklu Höyük, central Turkey, appear to derive from rudimentary vessels, despite the later ninth- and early eighth-millennium cal. BC and thus ‘Aceramic’ dates for the site. This paper will examine the evidence for such fired clay vessels at Boncuklu and consider their implications as examples of some of the earliest pottery in Anatolia. The discussion will examine contextual evidence for the role of these fragments and consider their relative rarity at the site and the implications for the marked widespread adoption of pottery in southwest Asia c. 7000–6700 cal. BC.

Arkeoloji Dergisi, 2015

With its location on the Upper Tigris Valley and its layers of the Late Chalcolithic period, Başur Höyük, Siirt is an important north Mesopotamian settlement which is being excavated within the scope of the dam project particularly like many other south-east Anatolian settlements in Turkey. The Late Chalcolithic layers represented with many phases at the mound are divided into two main cultural periods. The earliest phase is the local Late Chalcolithic period that represents the societies which used plant-tempered pottery. This period is followed by the layers of the Uruk culture of south Mesopotamian origin, which used mineral-tempered pottery. We may state that Başur Höyük is a settlement in which answers can be sought to many archaeological problems such as to what extent and how the inter-regional interaction between the Uruk culture, which had carried out colonization activities in northern Mesopotamia for a long period of time, and the local societies of northern Mesopotamia was. Its possession of a quite wide variety of pottery repertoire and other small finds in both periods is among the phenomena which make it important to study the Late Chalcolithic pottery of Başur Höyük.

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017

This article investigates the process of Neolithisation of the eastern Marmara region of north-west Anatolia by discussing the results of a pilot study to define the development of the clay preparation methods of the first ceramics at Barcın Höyük. We used petrographic analysis on a sample of sherds (n = 34) from Neolithic levels (c. 6600–6200 cal. BC) at the site, and compared our findings with the ceramic technology of Neolithic settlements in neighbouring regions. The results suggested that the composition of the clays used changed over time, moving from the use of heterogeneous metamorphic clays in the first phase of the settlement, to the extensive use of crushed calcite temper in later phases. The development in clay recipes may have involved changes in the strength, toughness and thermal behaviour of the ceramic vessels when used for cooking or boiling over fire. Although the development of cooking ware is seen in Central Anatolia at about the same time as the beginning of the settlement at Barcın Höyük, the use of crushed calcite temper may be specific to the eastern Marmara region and adjacent inland areas. The use of crushed calcite temper may therefore represent a local innovation, although future petrographic studies of early ceramics in Anatolia are necessary to support this interpretation.

ABSTRACT – Cappadocia offered prehistoric societies a flourishing landscape rich in natural resources such as wild plants and animals, wood, salt, clay, obsidian, stone, a variety of minerals and even some copper. The latest archaeological excavations and surveys around the governorships of Aksaray and Ni􀀀de have enriched our knowledge about the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods. The results of the excavations and C14 cal. dates from Kö􀀀k Höyük (Bor-Ni􀀀de), Tepecik Çiftlik (Çiftlik-Ni􀀀de), Gelveri- Yüksekkilise Güzelyurt-Aksaray) and Güvercinkayası (Güla􀀀aç-Aksaray) enable us to set up a reliable chronology from Late Neolithic to the Late Chalcolithic (LC) Period. The EC levels of Tepecik Çiftlik and Kö􀀀k Höyük form a cultural whole with their architectural layout, figural decorated pottery and other small finds. Gelveri-Yüksekkilise, known since the fifties for their spiral motif pottery, have close links to the Can Hasan I 2A/B at Karaman, and most likely dates to the late EC period. From EC to MC there is a change in settlement layouts involving a shifting of habitats to higher altitudes on naturally protected rock outcrops. The best examples of this phenomenon occur in Gelveri as a slope settlement, in Güvercinkayası on an outcrop on the right bank of the Melendiz River and even by Kö􀀀k Höyük, which is situated on a rocky plateau on the edge of the Bor Plain. The MC levels of Güvercinkayası I-III and Kö􀀀k Höyük I, also form a integral cultural whole with their basic architectural plans and as well as with their pottery groups and other finds. The MC settlement of Güvercinkayası (C14 cal. 5200-4750 B.C.) is divided by a fortification line into an upper and in a lower settlement. A similar phenomenon is to be seen at Mersin Yumuktepe XVI (Garstang 1953: Caneva points to a citadel tradition at Yumuktepe from level XVI on and tends to interpret the citadel as a specialized area for craft production and conservation, and metal production in particular. At Güvercinkayası, there is no evidence of metal production outside of a few finds. The main subsistence economy of the settlements, located in in two different habitats, is based on dry farming and animal husbandry. At Güvercinkayası, as at Yumuktepe, an alignment of attached houses use the inner face of the fortification as their back walls. Here two houses (H 13 and H 14) at the east end of the alignment are especially notable for their storage facilities for field crops and most probably pastoral products as well. At Güvercinkayası the importance of sheep and goat husbandry is reflected not only by rich finds of butchered animals, but also in the bone and antler industry, and as symbolic designs on pottery. Arbuckle emphasizes a “type B milk” and fiber production, and suggests that Güvercinkayası may have part of a more complex larger-scale system of sheep husbandry than existed previously in the region. The C14 cal. dates from the citadel of Güvercinkayası fit fairly well into the Yumuktepe XVI sequence. Consequently Anatolian Prehistory is confronted for the first time with the phenomenon of pre-urban settlements, which are divided into two zones before the arrival of Obeid influences

-- sãghāṛɔ ‘lathe’ rebus: sãgaḍ ‘double-canoe’ + kamaṭamu ’portable goldsmith furnace’ rebus: kammaṭa ‘mint, coiner, coinage’ of gold-copper company Joined parts of device. G. sãghāṛɔ m. ʻ lathe ʼ; M. sãgaḍ f. ʻ a body formed of two or more fruits or animals or men &c. linked together, part of a turner's apparatus ʼ, m.f. ʻ float made of two canoes joined together ʼ (LM 417 compares saggarai at Limurike in the Periplus, Tam. śaṅgaḍam, Tu. jaṅgala ʻ double -- canoe ʼ) Bottom part of device కమటము kamaṭamu [Tel.] n. A portable furnace for melting the precious metals. అగసాలెవాని కుంపటి."చ.. కమటము కట్లెసంచియొరగల్లును గత్తెర సుత్తె చీర్ణముల్ ధమనియుస్రావణంబు మొలత్రాసును బట్టెడ నీరుకారు సా నము పటుకారు మూస బలునాణె పరీక్షల మచ్చులాదిగా నమరగభద్రకారక సమాహ్వయు డొక్కరుడుండు నప్పురిన్" హంస. ii. ' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint,coiner, coinage'.