Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2015, Art and Design Review
— Water pollution in India is a major problem. The root cause of a number of diseases is water pollution. Effective household water purification is needed to prevent the waterborne diseases. Need of water makes it important and without giving right to access it, the concept of welfare state cannot be fulfilled. So the water sources require specialized treatment methods and filters to make them safe for drinking .The main goal of this study is to produce a low cost filtration system using locally available materials and to find the suitability of those materials. For this study, Ceramic filters were prepared from locally available materials such as clay, sawdust, sand, laterite, ilmenite and garnet. The results showed that the ceramic filters prepared are effective in removing microbes resulting in waterborne diseases by 100% and turbidity to about 80-90%. The results were well within the permissible limits of BIS. The SEM images clearly revealed the presence of microscopic pores in the filter. Statsistical Analysis using SPSS software gave a good correlation study among the various parameters. Commonly used ceramic filters for the study were prepared from clay and sawdust. In order to improve the performance of ceramic filter,locally available materials that have good antibacterial properties were also chosen for this study.
2022 •
One of the greatest threats to human health in developing countries is the drinking water contamination. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), manufactured from naturally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor are one of the most socially acceptable for drinking water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. Ceramic water filtration has been greatly improved to remove most of the microbial contamination in water. In past, the developed ceramic filters are not able to treat chemical contaminants in water. Therefore, aim of this project is to develop a ceramic water filter that could remove certain chemical contamination in water at the household level. This review also summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, silver impregnation), and initial water quality before treatment.
Effective household water purification is needed to prevent the waterborne diseases. The main goal of this study is to produce a low cost filtration system using locally available materials and to find the suitability of thosematerials.For this study, Ceramic filters were prepared from locally available materials such as clay, sawdust, sand, laterite, ilmenite and garnet. A laboratory scale unit was made for the present study; water passed through the filter is then collected and analyzed. SEM and EDXwereperformed for material analysis. The results showed that the ceramic filters prepared are effective in removing microbes resulting in waterborne diseases by 100% and turbidity to about 80-90%. It takes the advantage of local materials and existing local knowledge. Of the five types, the best for practical use could not be determined using the physicochemical and bacteriological water quality results. Therefore, rate of filtration was also used as an additional choice for the selection of the best ceramic filter. The filtration rate was higher for the filter B whencomparedwith other filters. The results were well within the permissible limits of BIS. The SEM and EDX images clearly revealed the presence of microscopic pores in the filter and the material composition respectively.
Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology
A Simple Ceramic Water Filter for Water Purification in the Rural AreaMost rural dwellers in Nigeria are living in areas where tap water are not available and they depend mainly on ponds and streams water for drinking which in most cases the water have been contaminated with pathogens, guinea-worm and agricultural waste products. This study was conducted to develop simple ceramic filters for purification of water. Two ceramic water filters were produced using kaolinite-clay and sawdust. Percentage compositions of sawdust to kaolinite-clay for the ceramic water filters by volume were 40%-60% (F1) and 50%-50% (F2). The Sawdust (from hardwood) and kaolinite-clay were ground and sieved through 0.075 mm sieve. The kaolinite-clay and sawdust were thoroughly mixed, soaked in water for 24 hours, mixed again and heated inside a furnace at 900-950°C for 8 hours. Each filter has 220mm diameter at the top, 180mm diameter at the bottom, 240mm in height and 20 in thickness. Water samples were collected after filtration and analyzed. The flow rate of F1 and F2 were ...
Scientific African
Performance evaluation of locally produced ceramic filters for household water treatment in NigeriaThis study investigates the production of ceramic water filters from various clay materials and their performances to improve the physical and bacteriological quality of drinking water. Ceramic water filters were prepared by combining clay with sawdust at various ratios. The water absorption rate, flow rate and microbial removal efficiency were analyzed. The results indicated that some clays produced from Ire Ekiti Brown clay at ratio 50:50 and 40:60, Ire Ekiti Red clay at ratio 40:60 and 30:70 and Isan Ekiti Brown clay at ratio 40:60 and 30:70 all have high absorption rates which resulted from the high sawdust content in the mixture; as sawdust possesses high porosity. Also, filters produced ranging from 60:40 to 40:60, 50:50 to 40:60 and 70:30 to 40:60 for Ire Ekiti brown clay sample, Ire Ekiti red clay sample and Igbara Odo Ekiti clay sample respectively and for both Ikere Ekiti white clay and Ara Ekiti clay samples at 40:60 all showed better microbial removal efficiency as they could remove more than 95% of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. The Ire Ek-iti Brown ceramics filter was considered suitable for producing filter materials based on a recipe combination which varies from 60:40-40:60. Ire Ekiti Red and Igbara Odo Ekiti Brown ceramics pot filters both recorded a high flow rate owing to the high porosity of their filter components which is as a result of the higher percentage of the constituents of burnout material. Of all the ceramic filter produced, 50% to 50% ratio of Igbara odo clay to sawdust gave the best and optimum mix which was found to be highly efficient in the removal of microbes in the water sampled. This research reveals the ability of the ceramic filters made principally from locally available materials (clay and sawdust) for microbial removal in wastewater biotreatment.
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges and opportunitiesDrinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacteri...
2023 •
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are globally employed as a point-of-use water treatment technology. Although, there are no standards to regulate the use of these CWFs in developing countries, they are gaining acceptability for domestic water treatment. This study sought to assess and compare the efficiency of commercially available types of CWFs and to propose a consumer selection guide for the purchase and use of CWFs. The CWFs selected for the study were, Ball filter with activated carbon (BF + AC), Candle filter (CF), and Pot filter (PFcs) coated with colloidal silver. The elemental and mineral oxide composition of the selected CWFs were analysed with x-ray fluorescence method. Furthermore, the raw unfiltered water (from three different common sources), and the filtrates obtained with the CWFs were analysed for their physicochemical, metal ion removability, and microbial correction. The x-ray fluorescence analysis indicated that Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 were the major mineral oxide compositions of the selected CWFs. These metal oxides were present in varying concentrations. The CWFs showed turbidity reduction of 74.28-99.40%, Mn and Fe reduction of 54.04-98.48% and 48.82-97.50% respectively. In addition, the total coliform reduction by the selected CWFs ranged from 2.31 to 76.97%. It was therefore observed from the results that, the efficiency of commercially available CWFs varied in the order BF + AC > CF > PFcs. BF + AC was the most efficient in both physicochemical and microbial correction of all water sources. CWF selection guide for consumers based on different sources of water which considered the physicochemical parameters, biological parameters and Water Quality Index was discussed. This has an implication for regulation and standardization of CWFs.
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
Production of Clay-based Ceramic Filter for Water Purification2021 •
The spread of Diseases like Cholera and Diarrhea, which leads to loss of lives in developing countries is commonly caused by use of contaminated water. In this study ceramic pot filters for rural area water purification were developed. The clay sample was tested for physical properties and the mixtures of the clay and sawdust were made in seven (7) proportions of 75/25, 70/30, 65/35, 60/40, 55/45, 50/50, 45/55. The soil tests conducted on the different portions of the clay and sawdust material revealed that the shrinkage of the sawdust blended clay reduced to the minimum of 6.3 compared to the pure clay with 13.7. A fluid dynamic test experiment on each filter was conducted; similarly total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and turbidity tests for both raw water and filtered water were conducted. From fluid dynamic test results, filter 50/50 % tends to have higher filtration rate compared to the other two filters. From the TDS, pH, and turbidity test, the results obtained show that the fil...
In this work, a ceramic filter for point-of-use water purification was designed, fabricated and tested to evaluate its performance in filtering water to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. The results of pH of water samples obtained after filtration ranged from 7.68 to 8.11. The range of values obtained after filtration for turbidity, hardness, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and total suspended solid (TSS) from water samples were 0.07 to 0.55 NTU, 6.0 to 34 mg/L, (1.5 to 3.3) x 10-3S/m, 4 to 25 mg/L and 0.04 to 0.11 mg/L, respectively, while the filter average removal efficiencies of these parameters were 93.1, 85.1, 91.6, 92.3 and 91.4%, respectively. Comparison of the results with the WHO standards for drinking water showed that the ceramic water filter can provide potable drinking water of required standards.
2024 •
2024 •
Advances in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytopathology
Lymph Node Cytology: Morphology and Beyondالغير وسيطا لمعرفة الأنا في الرحلة الأوربية
The Mediation of the Other in the Knowledge of the Ego in the European Journey الغير وسيطا لمعرفة الأنا في الرحلة الأوربية2016 •
Brazilian Journal of Case Reports
Tomografia computadorizada tridimensional e endoscopia virtual aplicadas ao diagnóstico de tórus palatino2022 •
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Pentalogy of Cantrell with Total Ectopia Cordis and a Major Omphalocele—A Case Report2019 •