Integrative Approach to Comprehensive Building Renovations

Green Energy and Technology Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers “green” solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical. **Indexed in Scopus**. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059 Vesna Žegarac Leskovar Miroslav Premrov • Integrative Approach to Comprehensive Building Renovations 123 Author Vesna Žegarac Leskovar Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture University of Maribor Maribor, Slovenia Corresponding author Miroslav Premrov Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture University of Maribor Maribor, Slovenia Co-author of Chapter 4 Maja Lešnik Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture University of Maribor Maribor, Slovenia ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN 978-3-030-11475-6 ISBN 978-3-030-11476-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11476-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019930364 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Translation and proofreading: Danijela Žegarac Picture design: Maja Lešnik This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to members of their extended team, Boštjan Ber, Jure Jančar, Klara Mihalič, Tina Špegelj, Andrej Štrukelj, Iztok Šušteršič, Žiga Unuk and Maja Žigart, for their contribution to some of the research studies presented in this book. The authors would also like to acknowledge: • the financial support from Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P2-0129) and • the research presented in Sect. 4.3 is co-financed by Republic of Slovenia and the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (research core funding IQ HOME—Intelligent home of the new generation designed on smart appliances and wood). v Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vesna Žegarac Leskovar and Miroslav Premrov 1.1 Why Researching the Topic of Building Renovation? . 1.2 Definition of the Term “Renovation” . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 The Content of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 1 . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 5 .. 7 .. 7 .. 10 .. .. 12 13 .. 13 . . . . . . . . 18 25 32 32 ......... 35 ......... ......... 35 35 ......... 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Classification of Renovation Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vesna Žegarac Leskovar and Miroslav Premrov 2.1 Renovation Measures and Their Impact on the Building Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Approaches to Building Renovation According to the Intensity and Scope of Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Approaches to Building Renovation According to the Main Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Minor Renewal Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Approaches Within the Context of the Treatment of Historic Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Renovation Approaches Targeting Particular Improvement of the Building State and Performance . . . 2.3.4 Renovation Approaches Concerning the Building Use . . 2.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Renovation Process Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miroslav Premrov and Vesna Žegarac Leskovar 3.1 Basis of Energy Flows in Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Energy Demand for Heating and Cooling . . . . 3.1.2 Influence of the Building Shape on the Energy Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii viii Contents 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 Steps 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 Passive and Active Design Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective Building Thermal Transmittance . . . . . . . . . of Building Energy-Efficient Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . Improvement of the Building Envelope Thermal Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacement of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enlargement of Glazing Areas in the Building Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation of the Heat Recovery Ventilation System . Attic Extension with a Structural Upgrade Module . . .... .... .... 44 46 53 .... .... 56 57 .... 60 61 62 66 3.2.4 .... 3.2.5 .... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Scientific Research Related to Building Renovation . . . . . . . . . . Maja Lešnik, Vesna Žegarac Leskovar and Miroslav Premrov 4.1 State of the Art of the Existing Building Renovation . . . . . . . 4.1.1 State of the Art—Categorization According to Sustainability Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2 State of the Art—Categorization According to the Scale of Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 State of the Art—Structural Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Strengthening of Floor Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 Strengthening of Wall Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3 Structural Upgrade Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Research—Energy Efficiency Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 Parametrical Study—Renovation of Existing Buildings 4.3.2 Parametrical Study—Development of the Timber-Glass Upgrade Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3 Parametrical Study—Application of the Timber-Glass Upgrade Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 69 ... 69 ... 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 86 86 105 111 118 119 . . . 130 . . . 136 . . . 154