ACHR

Background. Appendiceal adenocarcinomas (AAs) are rare and this has limited their molecular understanding. The purpose of our study was to characterize the molecular profile of AA and explore the role of targeted therapy against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Patients and Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 607 patients with AA at a single institution. A total of 149 patients underwent molecular testing for at least one of the following: activating mutations in KRAS, BRAF, cKIT, EGFR, or PI3K; protein expression of c-KIT or COX-2; or microsatellite instability (MSI) status by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier product limit method and log-rank test were used to estimate overall survival (OS) and to determine associations among OS, COX-2 expression, KRAS mutations, and other characteristics. Results. Age, grade, stage, signet ring cells, mucinous histology, and completeness of cytoreduction score correlated with survival outcomes. CO...

Background: Cervical cytology which is a standard screening tool in developed countries fails as a screening method in low-resource countries due to financial and technical constraints. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the cervix by VIA and Pap smear test among rural married women and to find out association of socio demographic factors with positive screening test results. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among rural married women in the field practice area. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered to collect information from 550 women. Results: The VIA and Pap smear tests were positive among 5.5% and 3.6%study subjects respectively. Pap smear test result presented with pre-cancerous lesions such as atypical squamous cell of undifferentiated significance (ASCUS)16 (2.90%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 2 (0.36%) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) 2 (0.36%). The ...

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Fertility issues may represent a stressful situation to the couple's life with important negative psychosocial effects. Ayurveda as a branch of traditional medicine developed a separate specialty for sexual dysfunction, namely Aphrodisiac Therapy (Vajeekarana Chikitsa). It deals with preservation and augmentation of sexual potency and conception of healthy progeny as well as management of defective semen, spermatogenesis along with treatment of seminal related disorders. Sperm quality is affected by various biological and environmental factors. A male patient was diagnosed with asthenoteratozoospermia, which is a combination of two conditions namely, asthenozoospermia (low sperm motility) and teratozoospermia (abnormal sperm morphology). The study patient was treated with ayurvedic medicine (shaman chikitsa) and panchakarma therapy (shodhana chikitsa) for 5 months. After completing the treatment course a semen analysis was performed and improvement was observed in his abnormal condition. The condition changed from severe asthenoteratozoospermia to normozoospermia and finally his wife had conceived successfully.

This report discusses a case of a 27-year-old female with histopathological examination results of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs) coexisting with fibroadenoma without any involvement of breast skin. EIC should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for benign breast lesions. Radiological evaluation, with surgical excision and histopathologic examination, remains the gold standard for the management of EIC. This report aims to increase the level of awareness on the existence of EIC in the breast parenchyma and the possibility of it coexisting with or arising from other benign breast lesions like fibroadenoma.

Epidermoid cyst is a common clinical entity and it can occur anywhere in the body. But its occurrence and huge size in the breast is very rare and more liable to develop complications, including malignant transformation. We present here an unusual case of a giant epidermoid cyst in the breast, which is about 7cm in greatest dimension. After proper preoperative diagnosis by clinical, imaging and histopathological findings, it was managed by total excision. Imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology is essential for accurate preoperative diagnosis. However, it is often very difficult to differentiate it from other benign and malignant conditions of breast. Infection and malignant transformation are its potential complications. Total excision along with its capsule is the treatment of an epidermoid cyst. Epidermoid cyst is an important differential diagnosis while managing benign breast disease.

Background: Cervical cytology which is a standard screening tool in developed countries fails as a screening method in low-resource countries due to financial and technical constraints. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the cervix by VIA and Pap smear test among rural married women and to find out association of socio demographic factors with positive screening test results. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among rural married women in the field practice area. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered to collect information from 550 women. Results: The VIA and Pap smear tests were positive among 5.5% and 3.6%study subjects respectively. Pap smear test result presented with pre-cancerous lesions such as atypical squamous cell of undifferentiated significance (ASCUS)16 (2.90%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 2 (0.36%) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) 2 (0.36%). The ...

Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia (EAM) was performed with lymph node cells from donor guinea pigs immunized with purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo californica. Recipient animals revealed the same clinical signs and electromyographic patterns as observed in actively challenged animals. These phenomena are parallel to the clinical manifestations of the human disease myasthenia gravis, in which cellular response to AChR was recently demonstrated.

Infertility remains a global health challenge with devastating psycho-social consequences in many communities, and the underlying long-term risk of couple separation is also a major clinical and social problem. Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive naturally after one year of intercourse. A case-control study was carried out among males who have infertility and who attended the Infertility and in vitro fertilization Center of Basrah province in the period extended from September 2021 to June 2022. A questionnaire was used to record The special notes. Seminal fluid samples were collected from (176 patients and controls were divided into 88 patients of male samples and 88 samples of the control group). In the present study, age was divided into three groups, which were statistically non-significant. The residence was also non-significant, which included central and peripheral areas. The results also showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsm...

Background: Infertility is a global problem. Male factors are estimated to be the cause of up to 50% of infertility cases. A variety of identifiable and reversible etiological factors are involved in male factor infertility. This study aimed to compare the risk factors in men who have abnormal semen parameters with those with normal parameters. Methodology: This was a case-control study. The male partners of the infertile couples presenting for infertility evaluation were advised for semen analysis and based on the report they were divided into control (normal parameters) and case (abnormal parameters) groups. A detailed interview of each subject was conducted focusing on risk factors causing different semen parameter abnormalities and the risk factors in both groups were compared. Results: There were 50 subjects in each group. The mean age was 31.02 ± 5.183 years and the mean BMI was 24.824 ± 2.438 kg/m 2. The mean duration of infertility for those in the case group was significantly higher (p-value 0.006). Mean sperm concentration and sperm motility were 33.492 ± 30.306 million/ml and 38.1% ± 18.893 respectively. 40 subjects had oligozoospermia and 36 had asthenozoospermia. Age (OR1.464), the habit of cigarette smoking (OR 37.946), and the presence of past medical conditions (0R 534.82) were significantly associated with abnormal semen parameters. Service-holder men were significantly less likely to develop semen abnormalities (OR 0.087). Conclusion: Age, cigarette smoking, and presence of past medical history are associated with abnormal semen parameters thus contributing to male factor infertility.

Background: Blistering diseases are alarming skin conditions. Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of bullous disorders characterized by pathogenic antibodies directed at the target antigens in the epidermis or dermoepidermal junction.The objectives were to study the spectrum of histopathological changes by light microscopy, to evaluate the pattern of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and to correlate clinical, histopathological features and DIF findings of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin or/and mucosa.Methods: The present study was carried out on 110 skin and/or mucosal biopsies with vesicobullous disorders from July 2013 to June 2016. Detailed clinical history, morphology of lesions, site of involvement and other findings were recorded as per proforma. These cases were analysed clinically, histopathologically and on immunofluorescence.Results: Majority of the patients presented in the age group of 41-50 years (30.9%). The male: female ratio was 1:1.15. Pemphigus vulgaris w...

Introduction: The male factor responsible for infertility includes oligospermia. According to WHO criteria, oligospermia is sperm concentration less than 15 million per millilitre of semen. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone synthesized in the skin and derived from the diet. A serum level less than 20 ng/dl is regarded as vitamin D deficiency. The deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to many reproductive disorders. This study was designed to analyze the association between serum vitamin D level and oligospermia. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and infertility of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period of July 2018 to June 2019. There are 157 infertile males with oligospermia in one group and 157 infertile males with normozoospermia in another group. A base line semen analysis for evaluation of male infertility was done, and serum vitamin D level was estimated. Results: The mean vi...

One-third of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that lack KIT or PDGFRA mutations show succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations or promoter hypermethylation. Most SDH-deficient GISTs occur in the pediatric, adolescent, or young adult setting and have unique features including predilection for the stomach, multinodular plexiform architecture, epithelioid cytology, prominence of lymphovascular invasion, and predilection for nodal metastasis. Dedifferentiation in GIST is a rare histologic change which may occur de novo or secondary to imatinib therapy and is characterized by abrupt transition of well-differentiated (WD) GIST to a subclonal anaplastic process that shows loss of immunohistochemical marks (CD117, DOG1). We describe the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old man who presented with a large gastric wall mass that contained 2 distinct morphologic populations. The first was WD and characterized by sweeping fascicles of bland spindled cells. This population abruptly trans...