Abusive Relationships

Pretendo sintetizar algumas ideias, que julgo interessantes para pensar sobre nosso tema, com o objetivo de desenhar um mapa conceitual útil para a discussão que virá a seguir. Longe de ser ostensivamente detalhado, o mapa talvez sirva como uma lista desigual de possíveis linhas de partida, e de passagem, antes de deitar a sola do pé no caminho. Tenho trabalhado com pacientes que sofreram os mais diversos tipos traumas, e parte de minhas pesquisas, ao menos a realizada no âmbito acadêmico, voltou-se para a tentativa de compreender como se forma um trauma, quais seus efeitos, e quais aspectos do posicionamento do analista poderiam contribuir ou não no trabalho com os pacientes. A constante intersecção entre teoria e clínica permaneceu em vista quando me dediquei, recentemente, ao estudo de um tipo específico de situações, aquelas que traziam o fenômeno da violência para a clínica. O primeiro conceito de nosso mapa é o de trauma psíquico. Sabemos que dois grupos de fenômenos orientaram as pesquisas psicanalíticas a respeito a seu respeito: as experiências de abuso sexual infantil e as neuroses de guerra; estas ora relacionadas, ora não, às neuroses traumáticas. Dos casos de abuso ou sedução, aprendemos que a temporalidade psíquica envolve uma atribuição posterior de significado a experiências que, de início, não mereceram, em si mesmas e assim que ocorreram, o atributo de 1 Uma parte do material que compõe este texto foi colhida da tese O caderno de Wassily: um estudo sobre a violência na clínica psicanalítica (Dal Molin, 2018), que terá alguns pontos apresentados neste texto.

In recent years there has been a lot of attention focused on the specific issue of the battered women, and the battered women who eventually fight violence with violence. This is with good reason, since it is a widespread and serious problem for modern society. The authors whose works are discussed here struggle with notions of male dominance, experiment with legal tests, and manipulate the instruments of law enforcement in an attempt to figure out exactly what to do with, and for, these people in abusive relationships. However, as the authors themselves indicate, the problem is much deeper in modern culture and these issues just scratch at the surface.

The problem concerning this type of violence is a combination of societal attitudes about women and attitudes about violence. However, feminists believe the issue is completely shaped by gender-related discrimination, and so distrust the political (male-dominated) solution.

Instead, the focus should be on the vulnerability of the victims of violence, and that this vulnerability is not exclusively linked to sexism in the system: legal or social. The views and treatment of women needs to be changed. Part of that change will in fact be accomplished through the revision of legal rules, consciousness-raising, and education. But the sea of change will have to come about through deeper, tougher, and more fundamental revision of our thoughts about violence. Sexism in the family, in the social system, and in the legal system must go, but so must violence.

Domestic abuse is defined as "any incidence or series of occurrences of controlling, manipulative, making threats, aggression, or assault among those aged between 16 or over who were formerly life partners or relatives, regardless of sexual orientation or sexuality," according to the Home Office (2013). According to a US Department of Justice statement research findings from the National Violence Against Women Study, which included 16,000 interviews (Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998), about 2 million individuals are harassed in a year. According to the survey, there are about 9 million violent assaults per year. As millions of people are affected by partner violence, which includes physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. The purpose of this study was to look at the experiences of individuals in abusive relationships, as well as analyze the various types of abuse such as physical, emotional/psychological, and sexual abuse.

Intimate partner violence is often thought of as a feminized issue that only affects women, though there are also male victims. Unfortunately, a significantly large majority of nonprofit organizations do not acknowledge male victims and they do not provide services for them. The perpetrator-victim dyad used by the nonprofit anti-domestic violence sector is influenced by gendered perceptions of victimhood which influences how masculinity is constructed in society. Victimhood is feminized while violent perpetration is masculinized, when in reality the nuanced and shifting power and control dynamics in a relationship can easily change someone’s role. Male victims have a challenging time breaking norms of masculinity and femininity. Males are known to initiate violence to control and manipulate their partners; thus, they are often (always) viewed to be the perpetrator in cases of intimate partner violence, though some of them may actually be victims. Male victims of intimate partner violence are an underserved and ignored population in the nonprofit anti-domestic violence sector.

This paper explored factors that prevent heterosexual male victims of intimate partner violence from reporting their cases. Data was gathered through interviews with nonprofit professionals and scholarly articles found in academic research databases. The findings reveal that stigmatizing social conditions based on perceived gender roles and the language used in nonprofit informational material prevent heterosexual male victims from reporting their cases and seeking help, which results in heterosexual male victims not receiving assistance from the nonprofit
system. Heterosexual male victims need to have services that acknowledges their needs and allows them to develop and promote healthy models of masculinity.

Sexual harassment legal liability has been one of the momentous legal outcomes of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This seminal civil rights law in Title VII governing employment expressly prohibits discrimination based on sex (that is, gender). Two areas the courts have defined as sexual harassment have been quid pro quo (meaning “this for that”) and hostile working environment. Quid pro quo claims take the form of “broken promises”, “favors”, or “threats” promised by male superiors to female subordinates in exchange for sexual favors or relationships. Hostile environment means any hostile, offensive, or intimidating action or environmental factor that would lead to the inability of the employee to work in a non-threatening atmosphere. This article examines the second type of sexual harassment cases – hostile environment. This article specifically focuses on certain physical aspects of perceived sexual harassment conduct, such as kissing, hugging, and touching, which in some cultures can be deemed as culturally and ethically appropriate but nonetheless can be perceived as hostile, offensive, abusive, intimidating, and threatening under the law. The authors present examples of socially acceptable behaviors around the world, analyze the legal ramifications, ethical implications, and cultural nuances, and then provide appropriate recommendations for business managers.

Instructions: Respond to each numbered item in the short list here as either “True” or “False” for you. A “True” response may identify a potential area for training. Reflect on whether an item identifies a problem or issue in the way you manage your anger. Anger requires boundaries, and a moral value (e.g. OK or not OK) can be assigned to strengthen boundaries for anger. Assess whether you believe the following:

This article explores the television series Beauty and the Beast (2012) (currently airing). The article argues that discourses about gender and systems of domination at large have reinforced notions of masculinity, in turn perpetuating violence towards women. Even further, today’s monstrous creations are a product of their time. Through systems such as neoliberalism, whiteness and patriarchy, monstrous and hybrid characters are able to reflect newer forms of gender and racial identity. This article argues that some of today’s monstrous creations are symptomatic of colonial anxiety and are a direct result of dominant ideological structures within today’s contemporary storytelling. Fairy tales like Beauty and the Beast are portrayed through a white male gaze; therefore, reflecting even deeper anxieties within the U.S. and beyond. For this reason there is a need to identify the discrepancies that white heteronormativity has perpetuated through popular media. By pinpointing these incongruities, one can create platforms in order to formulate strategies to empower non-white heteronormativity practices.

Respond to each numbered item in the short list here as either True or False for you. A “True” response may identify a potential area for training. Reflect on whether an item identifies a problem or issue in the way you manage your anger. Anger requires boundaries, and a moral value (e.g. OK or not OK) can be assigned to ways of expressing anger.

A bántalmazó kapcsolatok legtöbbje ugyanazt az utat járja be: a kezdetben idillinek vélt kapcsolatban az egyik fél (legtöbbször a nő) alárendelődik a másiknak, és hamar kialakul az a függőségi helyzet, amelyben a bántás, a bántalmazás szóbeli, érzelmi, gazdasági vagy akár fizikai formája bár kínzóvá, mégis természetessé válik.

Juno, 19 años, descendiente de italianos, residente en Itararé, estudiante de Diseño Gráfico en un colegio privado, trabaja como diseñadora gráfica. Está saliendo con Tulio, 23, profesor de inglés en un famoso curso de idiomas. La joven tiene el sueño de convertirse en modelo. Para lograr este objetivo, entra en el concurso Chica Verano 2013, cuyo premio es un contrato de 50 mil reales en trabajos con una agencia de modelos en São Paulo.

Sin embargo, Tulio no acepta la idea de ver a su novia participar en el concurso. La pareja discute y Tulio le da un puñetazo a Juno en la cara. Desde entonces, Tulio empieza a perseguirla. Le pide ayuda a su madrina, Anna Victoria, y obtiene una medida de protección de la Ley de Maria da Penha contra Tulio, que tiene que permanecer a 50 metros de distancia.

Tulio, molesto, se venga de Juno. Obtiene, por medios ilegales, ácido clorhídrico, que se almacena en una botella de Coca Cola, paga a un niño para que juegue en la casa de Juno y le arroja el ácido. Cuando Juno sale de la casa para ir a la final del Chica Verano, en Praia de Bacutia, en Guarapari, es atacada con el ácido.

Choosing an emotional partner is an important occasion that profoundly affects various aspects of life; however, many relationships fail, and people face a vicious cycle of unhealthy and harmful relationships. Objective: This study aimed to explain the concept of re-experiencing harmful relationships. Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study done with the Grounded Theory (GT) approach done using the purposive sampling method until data saturation. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes. In this study, 8 victims of harmful relationships and 8 psychologists were interviewed. Each interview lasted 25 to 55 minutes and was digitally recorded. Data analysis was performed along with data collection by Strauss and Corbin's constant comparative analysis. Using Lincoln and Guba criteria, the accuracy and strength of this research were confirmed. Results: The open coding results indicated that 47 concepts could effectively frame the pattern of re-experiencing unhealthy relationships. In the axial coding stage, the concepts were classified into 8 general categories. Finally, in the selective coding stage, the phenomenon of "harmful relationships" was extracted as a significant category. The central coding paradigm consisted of 8 key features: perceived violence, psychological symptoms, unhealthy relationship strategies, dark personality traits, emotion regulation problems, retention factors, family harms, self-breaking behaviors. Each includes subclasses with specific characteristics. Conclusion: The results showed that harmful relationships are complex, dynamic, continuous, and intervened with the contextual conditions, retention factors, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. So it is necessary to develop and present psychological programs and interventions based on these problems.

Domestic violence is an issue of growing interest among scholars. Previous studies have shown that domestic violence against women is caused by many factors. However, empirical studies on the factors that influence the decision of women to tolerate abusive relationships are still limited. This paper discusses the factors that hinder victims of domestic violence from seeking help like conflicting emotions, maternal instincts, economic dependence, social pressure and family's dignity. These factors revolved around the victim's perceptions and their inability to control the environment. Understanding of these factors is important to enable government agencies and non-governmental organisations to channel much needed assistance to the victims. Failure to identify these factors may encourage more incidences of domestic violence besides failure to identify and help victims due to their reluctance to seek help.

In response to recent sociological studies that suggest that the seriousness of psychological, emotional and verbal abuse are not only dismissed but are also the least identified in dating relationships, this article undertakes an analysis of these underexplored, ‘less visible’, elements using Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar’s ‘Power and Control’ and ‘Equality’ wheels, it compares Stephanie Meyer‘s 10th anniversary re-release of Twilight, and Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, which tells the same story as Twilight, but with the genders reversed are compared using the ‘Power and Control’ and ‘Equality’ wheels. The author argues that Life and Death is not just a simple swap of names and pronouns, as Meyer asserts, but that the alterations of thoughts and actions of the characters reflect commonly held ideas about gender, including the perpetration of psychological, emotional and verbal abuse in intimate relationships as hallmarks of masculinity. Moreover it shows that consistent with the feminisation of vampire Edythe Cullen and mortal Beau Swan, the intimate relationship in Life and Death more closely resembles that of a non-violent and equitable relationship, which significantly lessens the abuse, and reinforces traditionally socially accepted messages about gender in intimate relationships.

Este estudo tratou-se de um recorte teórico de uma dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e discute o fenômeno da violência na intimidade de jovens com idade entre 15-29 anos aluz de uma revisão de literatura de cunho narrativo em abordagem qualitativa. Analisamos livros, artigos e dissertações que pudessem contribuir com o enriquecimento teórico reflexivo da proposta. Os achados foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva descritiva e crítica. Os resultados apontam para a violência como um problema de ordem social que atinge o espaço privado das relações íntimas, sendo a violência na intimidade de jovens a expressão da violência de gênero, onde a gravidade da violência tende a aumentar com o passar do tempo na relação. Jovens em situação de violência na intimidade quase nunca procuram ajuda profissional para lidar com essa questão e não saem do relacionamento e quando conseguem sair, acabam por se envolver com relacionamentos abusivos crônicos.

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This study is theoretical review of a Master’s degree in Psychology dissertation from the Federal University
of Amazonas and discusses the phenomenon of violence in the intimacy of youngsters aged
15-29 years as a result of a review of narrative literature in qualitative approach. We analyzed books,
articles and dissertations that could contribute with the theoretical enlightenment reflexive of the
proposal. The findings were analyzed from a descriptive and critical perspective. The results point
to violence as a social problem that affects the private space of intimate relationships, and violence
in the intimacy of young people is the expression of gender violence, where the severity of violence
tends to increase with the passage of time in the relationship. Young people in situations of intimate
violence almost never seek professional help to deal with this issue and do not leave the relationship
and when they manage to leave, they end up engaging in chronic abusive relationships.
Keywords
Violence in Intimacy. Young. Abusive relationships.

School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago
Responsibilities included guest lecturing, providing one-on-one assistance to students, providing technical support to instructors, facilitating class discussions, and grading all student assignments.

This study is theoretical review of a Master’s degree in Psychology dissertation from the Federal University of Amazonas and discusses the phenomenon of violence in the intimacy of youngsters aged 15-29 years as a result of a review of narrative literature in qualitative approach. We analyzed books, articles and dissertations that could contribute with the theoretical enlightenment reflexive of the proposal. The findings were analyzed from a descriptive and critical perspective. The results point to violence as a social problem that affects the private space of intimate relationships, and violence in the intimacy of young people is the expression of gender violence, where the severity of violence tends to increase with the passage of time in the relationship. Young people in situations of intimate violence almost never seek professional help to deal with this issue and do not leave the relationship and when they manage to leave, they end up engaging in chronic abusive relationships....