All

Com este tema a autora procura perceber as causas das diferentes atribuições e interpretações que os cônjuges têm em relação aos conflitos conjugais no bairro de Cossore, área do paiol, e a partir deste poder-se-á identificar as causas dos conflitos conjugais, analisar o desencadeamento dos diferentes conflitos conjugais, relacionar o nível de percepção sobre os conflitos conjugais entre os cônjuges e a sua persistência no seio familiar, bem como perspectivar as estratégias de resolução dos conflitos conjugais.

BackgroundDexamethasone is increasingly used as the steroid of choice in trials for standard risk children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Improvements in event-free survival (EFS) have been attributed to lower CNS relapse rates, However, there are concerns that dexamethasone may be more toxic than previous conventional therapy with prednisone. Such toxicity raises questions about the implications for child neuropsychological function and HRQOL. Patients participating in the UK ALL 99/01 trial were randomized to receive dexamethasone or prednisone as their steroid in induction and maintenance chemotherapy. We compared the HRQOL and behavior in children randomized to receive both these agents.Dexamethasone is increasingly used as the steroid of choice in trials for standard risk children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Improvements in event-free survival (EFS) have been attributed to lower CNS relapse rates, However, there are concerns that dexamethasone may be more toxic than previous conventional therapy with prednisone. Such toxicity raises questions about the implications for child neuropsychological function and HRQOL. Patients participating in the UK ALL 99/01 trial were randomized to receive dexamethasone or prednisone as their steroid in induction and maintenance chemotherapy. We compared the HRQOL and behavior in children randomized to receive both these agents.ProcedureStandardized questionnaires to assess parent and child HRQOL at 3–6 months after diagnosis (T1) and 1 year later (T2) completed by mothers in family homes. Forty-five mothers of a child with ALL (32 male, 13 female; average age at T1, 7 years 3 months; at T2, 8 years 3 months) completed HRQOL questionnaires.Standardized questionnaires to assess parent and child HRQOL at 3–6 months after diagnosis (T1) and 1 year later (T2) completed by mothers in family homes. Forty-five mothers of a child with ALL (32 male, 13 female; average age at T1, 7 years 3 months; at T2, 8 years 3 months) completed HRQOL questionnaires.ResultsFor the total group, child HRQOL scores improved and behavior problems decreased significantly from T1 to T2. Comparison of HRQOL scores between the 17 children randomized to dexamethasone and 28 children randomized to prednisone showed no significant differences. The rate of improvement in HRQOL from T1 to T2 did not differ between children randomized to dexamethasone or prednisone.For the total group, child HRQOL scores improved and behavior problems decreased significantly from T1 to T2. Comparison of HRQOL scores between the 17 children randomized to dexamethasone and 28 children randomized to prednisone showed no significant differences. The rate of improvement in HRQOL from T1 to T2 did not differ between children randomized to dexamethasone or prednisone.ConclusionsDexamethasone is increasingly used in the treatment of ALL and has been linked with improved survival rates. Long-term use of dexamethasone raises questions about neuropsychologic toxicity. Although HRQOL increased significantly over the year for all children, the extent of this increase did not differ by chemotherapy. These results should contribute to lessened concerns about use of dexamethasone in the treatment of ALL. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Dexamethasone is increasingly used in the treatment of ALL and has been linked with improved survival rates. Long-term use of dexamethasone raises questions about neuropsychologic toxicity. Although HRQOL increased significantly over the year for all children, the extent of this increase did not differ by chemotherapy. These results should contribute to lessened concerns about use of dexamethasone in the treatment of ALL. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The aim of this study was to investigate myocardial 2D strain echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers in the assessment of cardiac function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) during and shortly after treatment with anthracyclines. Cardiac function of 60 children with ALL was prospectively studied with measurements of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and conventional and myocardial 2D strain echocardiography before start (T = 0), after 3 months (T = 1), and after 1 year (T = 2), and were compared with 60 healthy age-matched controls. None of the patients showed clinical signs of cardiac failure or abnormal fractional shortening. Cardiac function decreased significantly during treatment and was significantly decreased compared with normal controls. Cardiac troponin T levels were abnormal in 11% of the patients at T = 1 and were significantly related to increased time to global peak systolic longitudinal strain at T =...

A better understanding of pediatric tumor biology is needed to allow the development of less toxic and more efficient therapies, as well as to provide novel reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and risk stratification. The emerging role of microRNAs in controlling key pathways implicated in tumorigenesis makes their use in diagnostics a powerful novel tool for the early detection, risk assessment and prognosis, as well as for the development of innovative anticancer therapies. This perspective would be more urgent for the clinical management of pediatric cancer. In this review, we focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the biology of the main childhood tumors, describe their clinical significance and discuss their potential use as novel therapeutic tools and targets.

Cryo-processing, a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment, involves freezing of materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials. This paper deals with improvement of properties of the tool steel by cryogenictreatment and its greater life span in an industrial application. After the Second World War cryogenic technology were abandoned until the seventies when aerospace industry took up thistechnology again and the treatment started to be developed as a new industrial process. Todaycryogenic treatment would be regarded as one of the most important processes in the field of industries, and it is the ultra modern type of processing to make the metals more resistant to wear and more durable. The use of this treatment is extremely environmentally friendly and absolutely produces no waste during the process. The properties of the cryogenic treated tool steel aregenerally gained due to the conversion of austenite to martensite. Proper heat treating cantransform 85% of the retained austenite to martensite and the cryogenic treatment onlytransforms an addition of 8 to 15%. Present investigation is about cost and durability after and before cryogenic treatments. As it is known the most important problems faced by the industriesare the wear and tear of the machine parts. This wear of the machine parts not only increases thecost of production but also the time wasted for the replacement process. Cryogenic techniquegives assurance for solve these problem. These ultra-cold temperatures, below -310°F, willgreatly increase the strength and wear life of all types of vehicle components, castings andcutting tools. In addition, other benefits include reduced maintenance, repairs and replacement of tools and components, reduced vibrations, rapid and more uniform heat dissipation, andimproved conductivity.