Australian society

Este texto ofrece un bosquejo crítico de los antecedentes políticos y socioambientales de los incendios forestales del 2019-2020 en Australia. Por la parte políticia, se hace énfasis en la tendencia que ha seguidao la agenda ambiental de sucesivos gabinetes federales durante los últimos 30 años. Por lo que toca a sus dimensiones socioambientales, se ofrece un bosqueo de las relaciones humano-ambientales milenarias que han dado lugar a las ecologías de fuego antropogénicas del continente austral. Así mismo, se explica la conjunción de anomalías climáticas macro-regionales, incluyendo una larga sequía, que se conjuntaron durante el periodo en cuesión. Posteriormente, se hace un recuento detallado del desarrollo de los incendios y de sus costos. Uno de los argumentos de este texto es que la estación 2019-2020 marcó un parteaguas claro entre el estatus quo anterior y la 'nueva normalidad' climática que enfrentará Australia de ahora en adelante.

In 1932, the respected anthropologist Raymond Firth wrote that the Aboriginal Australian manifested a strange trait, one unlike their indigenous counterparts elsewhere in the colonised Pacific. The Indigenous person, Firth said, ‘mutely dies.’ It would take just two hundred years of settler-Indigenous contact—and, within that span, a few intense decades of frontier activity—to decimate the Indigenous people who had been in Australia for forty thousand years. If this population died at all ‘mutely’, then it may well have been in shock and trauma. Silence, after all, is a common response to extreme suffering. To invoke Cathy Caruth, this implores us to engage in ‘a new mode of reading and listening [or viewing] that both the language of trauma, and the silence of its mute repetition of suffering, profoundly and imperatively demands’. These relations between contemporary and historical silence—as well as suffering and violence—powerfully arise in Australian director Warwick Thornton’s Samson and Delilah (2009), the focus of this chapter. Forgetting or denying Australia’s foundational structure of colonisation generates silence around what happened in the nation’s past. Samson and Delilah thus depicts trauma as a crisis of speech, a trope we can read as a reflection on representing Indigenous suffering in contemporary Australia. In analysing how the film depicts trauma in form and content, the chapter discusses silence, historical inheritances and belonging as central concerns of the film. These concerns draw all Australian subjects into positions of implication, although with incommensurate, unevenly distributed suffering between Indigenous and settler groups. Samson and Delilah is unflinching in its criticism of all implicated parties—the web of social, cultural and political forces acting on the couple at its centre. This adds up to an uncommonly holistic appraisal of the trails of trauma in a setting where colonisation is entrenched and continuing.

In recent years, there has been a widespread fascination with age-dissimilar, heterosexual romantic relationships. This interest is not new - these types of couples have been featured in Western media for decades, even centuries - yet qualitative research into such relationships has been limited.

This book examines how the romantic relationships of age-dissimilar couples are understood. Based on a range of interviews, McKenzie argues that historical shifts toward greater personal autonomy in partner selection, within relationships, and in marriage and relationship dissolution have been greatly overstated. Through her focus on age-dissimilar couples, whose increasing prevalence have often been seen to be part of this shift, she suggests that these relationships are an avenue through which shared cultural understandings of relatedness, as well as individualism, might be further analysed. McKenzie argues for an approach that emphasises cultural continuity, and which accounts for complexity and contradiction in how age-dissimilar relationships and romantic love are understood.

Examining key issues of kinship, ageing and emotion, Age-Dissimilar Couples and Romantic Relationships will appeal to scholars of Cultural and Social Anthropology, Family Studies and Sociology.

From the late nineteen century until the closing decades of the twentieth century, Greeks played a large part in Australia’s food catering industry. They continued, nevertheless, to enter a wide variety of occupations. These included: agricultural and pastoral activities, mining, sea-related industries, itinerant work, secondary industries, public life, professional fields, and artistic and sporting avenues. Moreover, their contribution in some activities proved significant. This paper firmly challenges the entrenched, popular stereotype of Greek-Australians as being historically defined as essentially a collection of fish’n’chip shop owners and café and milk bar proprietors. Rather, their complex and broad involvement in Australia’s mainstream development over the last two hundred years is clearly revealed, acknowledged and celebrated.

Four stars in the night sky have been formally recognised by their Australian Aboriginal names. The names include three from the Wardaman people of the Northern Territory and one from the Boorong people of western Victoria. The Wardaman star names are Larawag, Wurren and Ginan in the Western constellations Scorpius, Phoenix and Crux (the Southern Cross). The Boorong star name is Unurgunite in Canis Majoris (the Great Dog). They are among 86 new star names drawn from Chinese, Coptic, Hindu, Mayan, Polynesian, South African, and Aboriginal Australian cultures.

Duncan McNab's book is a biography of the famous hit man, Christopher Dale Flannery whose psuedonym provides the title of the book.
Flannery disappeared and McNab tries to solve the mystery by looking at the forces at play in the underworld of Sydney and Melbourne in the time leading up to the disappearance

The focus of my thesis is the Australian Aboriginal literature, particularly the novel Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence. In the first part of my dissertation, I found it necessary to introduce Aboriginal culture and history, in order to inform the reader about the past and the present of this fascinating island, especially in relation to the British colonization. The legacy of colonialism is a current and controversial issue, but everyone would agree that it changed the history of Australia forever. Nowadays, we can speak about post-colonialism: we have a post-colonial literature in English. Aboriginal culture has not disappeared after colonization; even though it lost an important part, it found a new mode of communication in the passage from the oral to the written tradition. It is still present in Australia, and we will see to what extent it influenced the literary production of Aborigines, who felt the need of handing down their past for the reasons I will analyze below. For this purpose, not only did I use Aboriginal novels, but also I used political speeches, articles and reviews, most of which have been written in the last few years.
Then I laid the ground for the above mentioned novel, which is the heart of my research. I examined both Aboriginal and British influences and how they affected the structure and the language of this book, which is in turn divided into two parts.
The first part represents the past of Aborigines and it can be considered an historical account, while the second is a more recent history of the author’s mother and relatives. Through the analysis of a passage taken from the novel, I described the
main features of the novel, and its relation with other Aboriginal books. Particularly interesting are the stylistic choices: to a close analysis, Pilkington’s Aboriginal
origins clearly appear to the surface. The mechanism which is at the bottom of those choices will be highly considered, also thanks to the works of post-colonial scholars.
The third and last part of my thesis deals with the filmic adaptation of this novel, which is probably better known than the book itself. I decided to make the reader acquainted of the initial difficulties the film experienced, due to its delicate topic and to the prejudices still existing towards an expensive film which wasn’t considered prestigious and successful. Luckily, it was widely appreciated and it also won an important prize. Finally, I compared two scenes of the film which I consider
particularly interesting and meaningful: by using language and filmic techniques, I show how they reflect the opposition between Aboriginal and British cultures.

Descriptions of natural events, such as fireballs, and meteorite impacts, are found within Indigenous Australian oral traditions. Studies of oral traditions demonstrate that they extend beyond the realm of myth and legend; they contain structured knowledge about the natural world (science) as well as historic accounts of natural events and geo-hazards. These traditions could lead to the discovery of meteorites and impact sites previously unknown to Western science. In addition to benefiting the scientific study of meteoritics, this study can help social scientists better understand the nature and longevity of oral traditions and further support the growing body of evidence that oral traditions contain historical accounts of natural events. In a previous study led by the author in 2009, no meteorite-related oral traditions were identified that led to the discovery of meteorites and/or impact craters. This article challenges those initial findings.

Many scholars argue today that the memory of the Holocaust has become transnational, travelling to locations and cultures worldwide. This phenomenon has been explored in relation to technological developments, but thus far little scholarly attention has been paid to the interconnection between Holocaust memory and the post-war migration of survivors. In this article, I redress this critical oversight and examine how memory and migration shape the work of Maria Lewitt, a Polish-born Jewish Holocaust survivor who emigrated to Australia. Come Spring (1980) portrays her survival in Europe and No Snow in December (1985) her Australian migrant life; together, the two autobiographical novels recount ‘a whole life’, both over time and synchronically, as Lewitt connects private experiences to global historical events. In the 1980s, a time when Australia was increasingly embracing the diversity arising from its migrant population, the texts inserted Lewitt's personal memories into the public discourse in her new home country. I argue that Lewitt combined her memories of survival and migration in order to add her voice as a Jewish Australian to this new ‘multiculturalism’. This positioning suggests that we require an approach to Holocaust literature that dedicates attention to sociocultural environments. Such an interpretive viewpoint would allow the investigation of transnational movements of memory from individual perspectives, while acknowledging them as bound within certain national contexts and specific memory cultures.

prologue, intro and afterword of book
Publication date: October 20, 2016
Abstract:
Restrictive border protection policies directed toward managing the flow of refugees coming into neoliberal democracies (and out of failing nation-states) are a defining feature of contemporary politics. In this book, Verónica Tello analyses how contemporary artists--such as Tania Bruguera, Isaac Julien, Rosemary Laing, Dierk Schmidt, Hito Steyerl, Lyndell Brown and Charles Green--negotiate their diverse subject positions while addressing and taking part in the production of images associated with refugee experiences and histories. Tello argues that their practices, which manifest across a range of contexts including Cuba, the United States, Australia and Europe, represent an emergent, global paradigm of contemporary art, 'counter-memorial aesthetics'.

Counter-memorial aesthetics, Tello argues, is characterized by its conjunction of heterogeneous signifiers and voices of many times and places, generating an experimental, non-teleological approach to the construction of contemporary history, which also takes into account the complex, disorienting spatial affects of globalization. Spanning performance art, experimental 'history painting', aftermath photography and video installation, counter-memorial aesthetics bring to the fore, Tello argues, how contemporary refugee flows and related traumatic events critically challenge and conflict with many existing, tired if not also stubborn notions of national identity, borders, history and memory.

Building on the writings of such thinkers as Michel Foucault and Jacques Rancière, this book offers a useful concept of 'counter-memory' for the twenty-first century. It shows how counter-memorial aesthetics is not only central to the nexus of contemporary art and refugee histories but also how it can offer a way of being critically present with many other, often interrelated, global crises in the contemporary era.

http://bloomsbury.com/us/counter-memorial-aesthetics-9781474252737/

The High Court of Australia in Love and Thoms v The Commonwealth [2020] held that Indigenous Australians who met the test for Aboriginality from Mabo (no 2) could not be aliens under the Australian Constitution.
The decision is another important step by which Australian jurisprudence faces the implications of its colonial origins.

Aboriginal Australians have been observing the stars for more than 65,000 years, and many of their oral traditions have been recorded since colonisation. These traditions tell of all kinds of celestial events, such as the annual rising of stars, passing comets, eclipses of the Sun and Moon, auroral displays, and even meteorite impacts. But new research, recently published in The Australian Journal of Anthropology, reveals that Aboriginal oral traditions describe the variable nature of three red-giant stars: Betelgeuse, Aldebaran and Antares. This challenges the history of astronomy and tells us that Aboriginal Australians were even more careful observers of the night sky than they have been given credit for.

There has been an increase in consumers’ reliance on credit and rising consumer debt. The increase is especially problematic for those least able to afford debt of any kind – welfare recipients. This qualitative study reports on 120 Australian welfare recipients’ attitudes towards debt, their understanding about what constitutes acceptable debt and the debt-management strategies they adopt. The results of this research show that welfare recipients see debt as a way of life and as a means of survival in a society where a core value appears (to them) to be the acquisition of material wealth. Their status as income earners and therefore their capacity to service debt is less than others. Consequently, we could expect that their debt levels would be proportionally less; however, many participants in this research did not appear to understand the long term consequences of their level of debt. The paper concludes with a discussion as to how social marketing can be applied to potentially assist this vulnerable consumer group and the wider community.

Highlights:
Australian welfare recipients’ ideas about debt, acceptable debt and debt management. ► Welfare recipients see debt as a way of life and as a means of survival. ► A core value appears (to them) to be the acquisition of material goods. ► Little understanding of long term consequences of debt and many were deeply in debt. ► Social marketing could assist this vulnerable consumer group and the wider community.

Keywords:
Vulnerable consumers; Consumer credit; Debt management; Social marketing

Song and dance are a traditional means of strengthening culture and passing knowledge to successive generations in the Torres Strait of northeastern Australia. Dances incorporate a range of apparatuses to enhance the performance, such as dance machines (Zamiyakal) and headdresses (Dhari). The dances, songs, headdresses and dance machines work together to transfer important knowledge about subsistence survival, social structure, and cultural continuity. This paper explores how celestial phenomena inspire and inform music and dance.

Starting from a practitioner's standpoint, this study investigates creativity as a system in which individual talent, desire and ambition operate. In the context of sustaining these motivations, personally and Contents Abstract 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 5 Creative industries beginnings 7 The 13 segments of the creative industries sector 8 Creativity industries as a response to changing conditions 9 Key questions arising from creative industries discourse 10 Chapter 2. Definitions of creativity: Creation, divinity, philosophy, problem-solving 12 Creation 13 Early distinctions 14 Evolution 15 Philosophy 16 Divine creators, production and problem-posing 17 Aesthetics, struggle and conniving 18 The creative process explained 20 Chapter 3. Mainstreaming culture: Arts to industry 23 Creative industries: A product not of industry but of history 23 New conditions 23 Civic humanism 24 Creative industries: A new personal identity 25

As the only country to occupy an entire continent occupying more than 5% of the world's land area, Australia is also the oldest, flattest, driest, and most geospatial region. Through the three main historical development stages of the continent, Australia has stepped from a pre-colonial society to the culture of the resident community. The indigenous is agricultural, negative, and the importance of virtue is important to modern Western culture with British culture as the root, the center, and dominates the economic - cultural - major life the social rule of the entire continent for a long time thereafter; then entered an independent era of the young Australian Commonwealth with the majority of the population being white, especially the British with a superiority over the posterior transitional patriarchal society. the original communal feat of indigenous communities in terms of socio-economic development level. The Australian ethnic picture is outlined from three main areas: an array of indigenous communities with a physical and spiritual culture imbued with nomadic agriculture due to isolation from development. economy - trade - cultural exchange with other civilizations in the world for a long time, so it was invaded; Along with the second array of paintings is the Asian immigrant community that possesses a culture bearing the identity of sedentary agriculture and associated with the authoritarian monarchy for thousands of years and carries a variety of techniques. Oriental traditional oriental virtues and achievements; Both the indigenous community and the Asian immigrant community suffered the same fate, overlapping with the third picture, the European immigrant community with bold modern industrial civilization. commercial identity by sea, exposed to the risk of redundant crises caused by the rapid development of the capitalist economy after the scientific and technical revolution, thus promoting colonial expansion, Solve security problems for the various strategic chain colonies around the world. Although it is impossible to hold a unique position, dominate in all aspects to decide the common development destiny of the entire Australian continent right from the beginning of the political process of the 6 colonies as the original resident community The UK, but the indigenous communities and the Asian immigrant community have constantly risen, striving to become high-value, highly productive, competitive white workers. on the fields from sugar cane, banana planting, pearl hunting, camel riding to gold digging, coal mining, ... Coming from the upper aristocracy in England abandoned the estate to Australia to organize into occupants on public land, they gradually became a system of closely linked landowners over a vast area of ​​land. They themselves have promoted the use of cheap labor of color, but also fear and seek ways to prevent cultural exchanges with the local communities through the role of women in landlords occupied white public lands. From here, not only the Australian economy officially developed in the rotation of world capitalism, but the nationalist spirit of Australia was also gradually formed by the descendants of the public landowners. with racism in mind for the purpose of preserving culture as well as economic - political - social benefits for the British community.

Accounting as a profession is facing many challenges that increased following the collapse of large Australian corporate houses like One.Tel, HIH Insurance, ABC Learning Centres, Allco Finance Group and Bill Express. Investors, regulators and other user groups are concerned about these crisis situations and demand that different regulatory thresholds be implemented to avoid the repetition of these scenarios. As a part of these suggested changes in Australia a number of regulatory and professional codes and guidelines were implemented, the most prominent being: Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, which was introduced in 2006 and revised in 2008 by the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board (APESB); Australian Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Principles (ASXGC), introduced in 2003 and revised in 2007; and requirements for companies to follow Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). This paper discusses all these recent changes and attempts to provide some useful thoughts that will assist the Australia accounting profession in the future.

The "white Australia policy" has so far largely been discussed with regard only to its political-ideological perspective. No account was taken of the central problem of racist societalization, i.e. the everyday production and reproduction of "race" as a social relation ("doing race") supported by broad sections of the population.
This comprehensive study of Australian racism and the "white sugar" campaign shows that the latter was only able to achieve success because it was embedded in a widespread "white Australia culture" that found expression in all spheres of life.

Early ethnographers and missionaries recorded Aboriginal languages and oral traditions across Australia. Their general lack of astronomical training resulted in misidentifications, transcription errors and omissions in these records. In western Victoria and southeast South Australia many astronomical traditions were recorded but, cur- iously, some of the brightest stars in the sky were omitted. Scholars claimed these stars did not feature in Aboriginal traditions. This continues to be repeated in the literature, but current research shows that these stars may in fact feature in Aboriginal traditions and could be seasonal calendar markers. This paper uses established techniques to identify seasonal stars in the traditions of the Kaurna Aboriginal people of the Adelaide Plains, South Australia.

Review of "The Detective: Sylvia Plath's Tribute to Holmes and the Whodunit" by Mark Doyle, for The Passengers' Log, the Journal of The Sydney Sherlock Holmes Society, 'The Sydney Passengers'. (c) 6 January, 2017. Vol. 20 No. 2. ISSN 1440-6152. Reprinted with permission.

This special issue addresses the possible connections and mutual benefits of examining together two analytic concepts – memory and periphery. These concepts receive much attention in various scholarly discussions, yet they have done so rather independently from each other. The potential applications and utilities of combining memory and periphery and the epistemic insights they provide for various disciplins are presented in the different contributions to this issue.

The use of the Broadmeadows army camp to accommodate homeless and jobless single men was one of a number of fledgling, unemployment relief measures implemented by the Victorian Hogan State Labor government during the earliest and darkest days of the Great Depression.  For some residents, being shunted off to a camp at Melbourne’s furthest edge was simply a case of being out of sight and out of mind, and was starkly symbolic of the failure of the capitalist system during Australia's greatest economic downturn.  Others accepted it as 'a necessity under the circumstances', a staging point for upcountry relief works, a brief interlude between a return to paid work or even an escape from the drudgery of daily life or the squalid city shelters. 

The Broadmeadows camp represented a short hiatus for its various players.  In attempting to understand the life of the camp, a number of themes emerged.  One theme is the relationship between the camp and the protest movement during the Depression.  Another is the camp as a sectional microcosm of the unemployed and a third theme is the camp as a relief and welfare measure.

The role of boarding schools in helping to overcome education disadvantage for First Australian young people has received increasing attention, and funding, from government, the media, and private sector investors in recent years. Notwithstanding policy approaches encouraging, and for some populations even mandating, that students leave home to attend boarding school, little research has sought to understand how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students experience ‘mainstream’ boarding school and what impact it has on later life outcomes for them, their families and communities.

It is well understood that a wide range of social factors, ranging from the macro-social to the individual, influence the health of populations generally, and Indigenous populations specifically (Saggers 2007, Anderson 2007).  Education attainment levels are recognised as one of the social determinants of Indigenous health (Dunbar 2007). By contrast, in education policy, scant regard is paid to the social factors that underpin education engagement and success for First Australian students in predominantly non Indigenous schools.

This thesis uses a narrative, multiple case study method to examine the experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in Australian boarding schools, and in their post school years. In all, seventy-four interviews were conducted, across every state and territory except Tasmania. These include interviews or focus group discussions with alumni of boarding schools (35); parents or community members (27); and school leaders or staff in boarding schools (12). Interview data were analysed to identify what participants sought to achieve through boarding school; what constrained or enabled positive outcomes; and what were the actual outcomes achieved by alumni in the short, medium and, in some cases, long terms.

This research presents the most comprehensive evidence to date on the lived experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people in Australian boarding schools. It establishes that as well as being determinants of health, racism, trauma, and social connectedness were also fundamentally important to education success for participants in this study. Data presented here indicate that when schools engaged authentically and proactively with these issues they assisted these young people to maximise the benefits they derived from education.

Findings challenge the narrow and exclusively empirical measures currently used to define education ‘success’. Whereas schools and scholarship providers focus on preparing students to fit into school systems, research findings indicate that more critical attention should be paid to the systems themselves.

This article reconsiders the politics and aesthetics of aftermath photography. Many critics have argued that the emerging, experimental genre of documentary photography ‘abstracts’ and renders ‘sublime’ the traumatic historical events that it takes as its subject matter. While these terms accurately reflect the aesthetics of aftermath photography, their politics cannot, the author argues, be so easily dismissed. The article reconsider the genre through Gene Ray's theories of the sublime and Rosemary Laing's photograph welcome to Australia (2004), which documents the Woomera refugee detention centre, in order to offer a better understanding of what is at stake in this new mode of documentary photography.

Third Text, 28.6 (December, 2014), 555-562

Free download for those without access to Third Text:

http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/65x3pFdkmTNRu4ZkQbj9/full

Or
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09528822.2014.970775#.VbMVRjWzq-0

This chapter examines former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s withdrawal of welfare benefits to 150,000 single mothers on the day of her historic ‘misogyny speech’, 9 October 2012. The contrast between the rhetoric of equality and the Fair Incentives to Work Bill was striking because it symbolised the discrepancy between women’s standing as ‘individuals’ in liberal-democratic societies and their standing as mothers. This chapter develops the argument, outlined in the author’s new book, that women are normatively free as ‘individuals’ in liberal-democratic societies, but remain constrained as mothers performing unpaid, invisible, carework. Redefining women actively engaged in mothering as ‘unemployed’ as the Fair Incentives to Work Bill did is a pernicious outcome of unfettered liberalism, which presupposes that all individuals are free to compete on the same terms.  In the context of declining marriage and declining welfare, it is argued that this erroneous assumption has produced the problem of women’s poverty.

Although a small cohort, often deemed insignificant, the Irish in South Australia developed an extensive network of social, business and political connections with the wider colonial society which aided them in their support of the long constitutional struggle for self-government taking place in Ireland during the four decades from 1870. Through the lens of the colonial press and an investigation of the support given to Irish nationalists this study shows the extent to which that small cohort extended its influence to the wider South Australian community to the benefit of the Home Rule movement. This was no mean feat considering the established view of scholars that the group faced the ‘unquestionable primacy of Anglo-Scottish colonisation’.1 Looking at the visits of the envoys of the Irish Parliamentary Party which took place between 1883 and 1912, this study, through a consideration of fundraising, the reputation of the Irish in the colony, the colonial press’ treatment of Irish issues and a lack of Orange opposition to Home Rule, investigates the impact and reach of this small Irish community during the years of Ireland’s foremost constitutional political movement. In its conclusion the research shows that underlying the long assumed quiet assimilation of this ethnic group into the general ‘Britishness’ of the colony, the Irish, from the outset, were aware of and consistently
1 Eric Richards. "Irish Life and Progress in Colonial South Australia " Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 107 (1991): 21
‘Yet we are told that Australians do not sympathise with Ireland’
8
maintained a separate cultural identity and, during the period under consideration, this was augmented by an increased politicisation amongst the group – a world development which affected the Irish at both the macro and micro level. This thesis further reveals that in South Australia the Irish Home Rule movement garnered strong support in a colony where the majority of the inhabitants were neither Irish nor Catholic and this was due to a number of factors. Amongst these were factors which contrast sharply with characteristics of the Irish and the Home Rule movement in other Australian colonies, particularly the size, unity and nature of South Australian Irish nationalists, the lack of a structured opposition to Home Rule, the colony’s natural affinity with the notion of self-government and the fraternal bonds which came about through the issue of land ownership and control. While fundraising was the prime object of a series of visits to Australia by Irish MPs between 1883 and 1912, acceptance of the Irish claim for Home Rule amongst Australians in general proved equally important. Despite the small community of Irish people residing in South Australia during the most active years of the movement the colony subscribed generously to the cause. While the loyalty and support of the Irish-born and perhaps even the next generation might be expected more surprising is the widespread involvement of the non-Irish and non-Catholic citizens of the colony.

This essay elucidates a connection between site, sound and memory by looking to the ways that those aural experiences are framed in works of sound art. I focus on the ambient / experimental / sound art work of Alan Lamb and Lawrence English. The essay also deals with the question of Australian silence and noise.

As nationalist ideologies intensify in Australia, so do the experiences of ‘everyday racism’ and exclusion for Black African immigrants. In this article, we utilize critical theories and engage with colonial histories to contextualize Afrodiasporic experiences in Australia, arguing that the conditional acceptance of Black bodies within Australian spaces is contingent upon the status quo of the white hegemony. The tropes and discourses that render the bodies of Black African migrants simultaneously invisible and hyper-visible indicate that immigration is not only a movement of bodies, but also a phenomenon solidly tied to global inequality, power, and the abjection of blackness. Drawing on critical race perspectives and theories of belonging, we highlight through use of literature how Black Africans in Australia are constructed as ‘perpetual strangers’. As moral panics and discourses of hyper-criminality are summoned, the bordering processes are also simultaneously co-opted to reinfo...

This thesis looks at the video works of Australian artist Tracey Moffatt, regarding them as starting points for an investigation into affect in relation to place. It wishes to consider the body in space - the body as a mean to think geographically - and space in the body - as spaces are made places through our bond with them. The text looks at Film sets as evidence of the landscape as lexicon; Moffatt’s often surreal, expressionist sets function at the intersection between internal and external landscape, unveiling the land as bearer.
In the postcolonial context of contemporary Australian society, I consider how the land may assume the quality of traumatic contact zone, a site susceptible to ‘hauntings’. The intent, here, is one that considers Sedgwick’s notion of reparative reading practices; that is, one that proposes imaginative solutions to oppression. In the case of this text, such proposed solution lay in an affective turn within the Humanities, one that widens the borders of what experiences and styles of articulation can be recorded into history.

In 1915, news of the Armenian genocide sparked a relief movement in Victoria which eventually spread throughout Australia. The movement engulfed many of Victoria’s political, civic and religious leaders, with Victorian women playing a prominent role. The relief campaign produced a generous response in Australia, culminating in the establishment of an Australian-run orphanage in the Near East. Victorians were also involved in relief work amongst the survivors of the tragedy in both Syria and Greece. The Australian relief committees continued their work until the 1930s, during which time thousands of Armenians and other Ottoman Christians were saved from starvation and disease, and were given the means for self support. Although little known about today, this event became Australia’s first major international humanitarian relief effort

This chapter considers the role of technology in global migration, contemporary emigration motivators, and Ireland’s diaspora engagement policy and practice.  It analyses the results of two surveys of Irish migrants to Australia carried out in 2012 and 2014 which reveal that the characteristics of Irish migrants since 2008 differ markedly from those of the post-1980 period and the years just prior to the collapse of the Irish economy. These datasets are compared with recent academic studies undertaken on Irish migrants to Australia in an effort to uncover changing trends in Irish emigration since the death of the ‘Celtic Tiger’. Improvements in communication and travel, including the rise of social media, particularly of Facebook and Skype, have changed the migration experience allowing Irish migrants to live transnational lives. These technological developments increase contact between the diaspora and Ireland and look set to influence future generational engagement with the homeland.

One of the mysteries in contemporary world politics is why in recent years Australia has been leading the world in its hawkish approach to China, its largest trading partner. More than most of its allies, the Australian government seems to regard the China emergencyfuelled by threat perceptions ranging from foreign influence operations to economic coercionas more pressing than, say, climate change. This article extends and supplants existing explanations of this puzzle by providing a more theoretically oriented account. Situating Australia's China emergency in the context of its ontological (in)security, this article traces the rise of such insecurities and Australia's responses through the conceptual frameworks of state transformation and neoliberal governmentality, which together offer a more socially and historically grounded account of the dynamics of ontological (in)security. The article argues that the China emergency narrative, as a specific routinised form of neoliberal governmentality, both helps sustain Australia's dominant identity construction as a free, democratic, and resilient state, and provides a raison d'être for the national security state that has become part and parcel of the evolving techniques of neoliberal governmentality. The past few years have seen Australia gripped by a China threat emergency (hereafter referred to as the "China emergency"). Alarm bells have been constantly ringing over the purported danger of both a "silent invasion" by insidious and ubiquitous "Chinese influence" in the Australian body politic, 1 and Beijing's "grey-zone warfare" tactics including economic coercion and exploitation of Australia's domestic division. 2 The authors wish to thank Mark Beeson, James Laurenceson, David Walker, Jade Jia, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful and constructive comments and feedback on earlier versions of this article. The usual disclaimers apply.

Published as part of the collection: Baehr, Elisabeth, and Barbara Schmidt-Haberkamp, eds. 2017. "And there'll be NO dancing". Perspectives on Policies Impacting Indigenous Australians since 2007. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

This chapter critically analyses the relationship of Aboriginal Australia to the Australian settler colonial state in the light of Georgio Agamben's theory of the state of exception.

Over the past three decades, Australia has seen more than a 100% increase in its rate of incarceration. A sizable part of this has come from the rise in incarcerated indigenous people. Australia also experiences problems related to high rates of recidivism, the increasing use of custodial sentences for parole violations, and the use of incarceration for minor offenses such as traffic violations. In response to these problems, a growing number of policy makers, public and private organizations, and academics have pushed for the development and implementation of justice reinvestment (JR) initiatives in Australia. This article provides an overview of JR. It highlights some of the more pertinent problems facing the justice system, offenders,
victims of crime, and local communities in regards to the use of punishment and incarceration in Australia. It then considers the degree to which JR may or may not be able to deliver on some or all of its promises, in particular problems that it faces in terms of implementation, use, and long-term viability in Australia.

, a Canadian hero in the cause of freedom, and naturally branded "far right" and worse by his enemies, has done a powerful, indeed, a gut-wrenching story to camera about the hottest place in hell, and those who are destined to occupy that hideous place. He and others have referred to this as the curse of those who do nothing in the face of evil. According to Scott Horton of Harpers: One of John F. Kennedy's favorite quotations, which he attributed to Dante, was that "The hottest places in Hell are reserved for those who in time of moral crisis preserve their neutrality". Of course Dante never actually said that, but the sense of the statement is clearly to be found in these lines from the third canto of the Inferno. Many of those who are merely standing by during the Covid State crisis, in the view of many, the worst crisis in the history of modern "liberal" democracies, cluelessly look back and chastise those who in 1930s Germany, did little or nothing to oppose the Nazi tyranny but simply went quietly, to get by. Don't rock the boat, and they won't notice us. We don't really know what they are up to. Today we reassure ourselves that we would NEVER have behaved like all those compliant Germans. Levant chose to focus on a particular German who did stand out and stand up during the oppression. His name was August Landmesser. He has become famous for the photograph of his refusal to perform the Nazi salute during a rally. Arms were firmly folded, in defiance of the overwhelming, lunatic majority all around him. The madness of a German crowd.

The article investigates afresh the circumstances surrounding the "anti-Chinese uprising" in the Australian Goldfields town of Clunes in 1873. 
Beginning with historical interpretations of events, it notes that scholars have heavily relied on one colonial newspaper report as their primary source (some scholars use two other sources, but many use only this single document).
The article then points that there are several primary sources which have never been cited or used by historians; and identifies 5 key overlapping documents.  Some of these colonial sources include recorded interviews by participants taken the following day after the troubles.  It then plots out the course of events as shown by all corroborating sources - and it is surprising to find there was no wild mass uprising, the troubles seeming to comprise of a rowdy 20 minute confrontation halted by police.
The article then surveys contemporaneous newspaper reports of the day at Clunes, showing the different viewpoints and perspectives taken by colonial publications according to political disposition.  It also plots how accounts were changed, dramatised and embellished as news travelled from country to city, and from newspaper to newspaper across the colonies. 
The article finishes by posing serious questions on how accounts in historical newspapers need to be more carefully cross-checked and contextualised to verify reported "news".
pp10.