Beaches

The Australian beach is frequently positioned as an integral component of international tourist campaigns as well as the featured exotic location of exported television shows such as Home and Away (1988—) and Bondi Rescue (2006—). The idea of ‘one’ iconic beach that fits and covers all desires is promoted by these representative monolithic images. The beach has come to stand in for the desirability of Australia at large. Kathryn James goes as far as to suggest that the Australian beach and coast have ‘displaced the Outback or the bush as a stock image or theme’ (James 2000, pp. 12). However, this stock image often neglects the diversity and multiplicity of the beach as a site. There are many different beaches in Australia and even on the one beach there is a combination of different spaces. This article addresses the plurality of the beach and drawing on Soja’s concept of Thirdspace (1996) and Doreen Massey’s ‘simultaneity of stories so far’ (2005, pp. 5) puts forward the term beachspace to account for this complex, dynamic, changing and plural site.

The present geomorphology of the Mediterranean’s coasts is largely a product of an intricate long-term relationship between Nature and human societies. A cradle of ancient
civilizations, the Mediterranean has seen its shores occupied by Humans since Prehistory, and is, therefore, a particularly pertinent unit of analysis. The morphotectonic context and
other forcing agents (e.g., climate) shaped out a highly diversified coastal morphology and generated a sediment-supply regime potentially favourable to the formation of numerous open-coast deltas and bay-head deltas in infilled rias as sea level stabilised during the mid- Holocene. This supply of riverine sediment has also been the key agent in mediating human occupation of the Mediterranean’s clastic coasts.

Expressions of this relationship have been extensively archived in clastic coastal deposits, including base-level deltaic and estuarine sedimentary sinks, which comprise records to explore the interactions between geosystemsand the human environment. The stratigraphic sequences in these coastal sedimentary archives comprise, in many places, a clearly identified anthropogenic signature, notably in ancient harbours, some of which underwent extremely rapid silting up due to massive sediment sourcing generated by new agricultural practices from the Neolithic onwards.

Increasing human influence, especially over the last 3000 years, has been, in turn, an important driver of changes in sediment supply, strongly modulating deltaic development.
Pulses of sediment supply from catchments rendered vulnerable by human perturbations during the Roman period resulted in a new cycle of inception of many other deltas and in
rapid delta growth (e.g. the Ebro, the Po, the Arno and the Ombrone). Another progradation dynamic during the Little Ice Age, at a time of strong rural population growth, river discharge
increases, technological developments, and urbanisation, further consolidated delta growth.

Understanding the life cycle of these deltas since their initial formation is, in turn, key to unravelling the relative role of natural and anthropogenic forcing agents. Rapid climate
changes are deemed to have contributed through both the stripping of landscapes rendered fragile by human activities and active fluvial sediment transport to the coast, but
disentangling climate change effects from human impacts in the Mediterranean remains a challenge.

The patterns of subsequent deltaic growth and delta morphodynamics reflect adaptations to pulsed sediment supply, river discharge variations, the microtidal, fetchlimited
context of the Mediterranean, and direct engineering interventions. The progradation dynamic of the Roman period and Little Ice Age contrasts markedly with the situation of common coastal destabilisation over the last two centuries, particularly well documented for the last 50 years. This period has been characterised by reduced sediment flux to base-level geosystems due to catchment reforestation, retenion within reservoirs, fluvial regulation and dredging, resulting in the erosion of deltas and barrier-lagoon and beach-dune systems. Large stretches of shoreline and narrow coastal plains have been massively engineered for coastal defence and protection against erosion, but also for the construction of marinas, leisure harbours and artificial beaches, resulting in the emergence of veritable artificial seafronts. These interventions have, collectively and progressively, raised societies to a pervasive and overarching position in the geomorphic stabilityinstability of the Mediterranean’s coasts, a situation that will be exacerbated by pressures from sea-level rise, paving the way for rampant coastal erosion and delta destruction.

Despite widespread recognition that landforms are complex Earth systems with process-response linkages that span temporal scales from seconds to millennia and spatial scales from sand grains to landscapes, research that integrates knowledge across these scales is fairly uncommon. As a result, understanding of geomorphic systems is often scale-constrained due to a host of methodological, logistical, and theoretical factors that limit the scope of how Earth scientists study landforms and broader landscapes. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding of the geomorphology of beach-dune systems derived from over a decade of collaborative research from Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. A comprehensive summary of key findings is provided from short-term experiments embedded within a decade-long monitoring program and a multi-decadal reconstruction of coastal landscape change. Specific attention is paid to the challenges of scale integration and the contextual limitations research at specific spatial and/or temporal scales imposes. A conceptual framework is presented that integrates across key scales of investigation in geomorphology and is grounded in classic ideas in Earth surface sciences on the effectiveness of formative events at different scales. The paper uses this framework to organize the review of this body of research in a 'scale aware' way and, thereby, identifies many new advances in knowledge on the form and function of subaerial beach-dune systems. Finally, the paper offers a synopsis of how greater understanding of the complexities at different scales can be used to inform the development of predictive models, especially those at a temporal scale of decades to centuries, which are most relevant to coastal management issues. Models at this (landform) scale require an understanding of controls that exist at both 'landscape' and 'plot' scales. Landscape scale controls such as sea level change, regional climate, and the underlying geologic framework essentially provide bounding conditions for independent variables such as winds, waves, water levels, and littoral sediment supply. Similarly, a holistic understanding of the range of processes, feedbacks, and linkages at the finer plot scale is required to inform and verify the assumptions that underly the physical modelling of beach-dune interaction at the landform scale.

Mencari obyek wisata murah tetapi menarik? Paket wisata Pangandaran yaitu jawabannya. Bila anda bertandang ke Jawa Barat, janganlah lupa untuk coba paket wisata Pangandaran. Satu desa wisata yang tawarkan beragam jenis paket wisata dengan semua keunggulannya. Pangandaran adalah obyek wisata berkumpulnya beberapa turis, baik domestic ataupun luar negeri. Banyak paket wisata Pangandaran murah yag di tawarkan untuk menolong anda memperoleh rujukan wisata untuk liburan. Saat yang paling pas untuk bertandang yaitu mendekati th. baru.
Pantai Pangandaran yang populer bakal dipenuhi banyak pelancong. Untuk hari-hari spesifik seperti th. baru, bakal banyak di tawarkan paket wisata Pangandaran yang menarik. Di bawah ini sebagian paket wisata Pangandaran murah yang bisa anda dapatkan di Pangandaran :
1. Pantai batu karas
Terkecuali tawarkan pemandangan yang indah dengan situasi deburan ombak yang menentramkan, pantai batu karas juga adalah satu diantara paket wisata Pangandaran murah yang di tawarkan pada beberapa pelancong. Anda bisa nikmati keindahan pantai sambil berenang, berselancara, atau berperahu dibengawan. Bila anda terasa kurang senang bermain sepanjang hari, anda masihlah bisa bermalam. Disana banyak tersedia lounge serta hotel.
2. Cukang taneuh
Untuk paket wisata Pangandaran cukang taneuh ini mungkin saja beberapa dari anda masihlah terasa asing dengan namanya. Tetapi bila mengatakan nama green canyon, tentu anda bakal segera mengenalnya. Cukang taneuh serta green canyon adalah tempat wisata yang sama. Paket wisata Pangandaran cukang taneuh ini begitu dianjurkan buat anda kunjungi berbarengan keluarga ataupun rekan. Berbarengan 6 rekan, anda bisa nikmati keindahan green canyon sambil body rafting. Ticket masuk green canyon cuma sekitaran 125 ribu serta masuk dengan menaiki perahu.
3. Pangandaran Waterpark
Paket wisata Pangandaran murah setelah itu yaitu Pangandaran waterpark. Paket wisata Pangandaran yang satu ini termasuk masihlah baru. Waterpark ini di bangun diatas tanah seluas 10 hektar. Ticket masuknyapun begitu terjangkau. Dihari umum, ticket dihargai sebesar 15 ribu/orang serta pada hari libur 20 ribu/orang.
4. Citumang
Paket wisata Pangandaran setelah itu yaitu citumang. Citumang ini tawarkan panorama yang indah agar bisa anda nikmati sambil bermain serta berenang. Tetapi yang paling menarik dari citumang ini yaitu pesona alam serta aliran sungainya.
5. Pantai Pangandaran
Paket wisata Pangandaran yang paling diburu oleh beberapa wisatawan yaitu pantai Pangandaran. Berbekal panoramanya yang indah dengan pasir putihnya yang membentang sejauh garis pantai bikin beberapa wisatawan tertarik untuk menggunakan saat berlibur di pantai barat pulau jawa itu. Di bawah ini harga yang di tawarkan oleh pengelola wisata Pangandaran :
- Tiket masuk untuk pejalan kaki yakni 3. 000 rupiah/orang
- Pengendara motor yakni 7. 000 rupiah/orang
- Pengendara jeep/sedan yakni 28. 000
- Pengendara carry 35. 000, dan lain-lain. Makin besar kendaraan yang anda bawa jadi cost makin bertambah.
Paket wisata Pangandaran bakal menolong anda isi saat berlibur anda berbarengan keluarga jadi lebih mengasyikkan. Masukan paket wisata Pangandaran untuk daftar liburanmu.
bersama http://travelpangandaran.com

Coastal areas experience multiple pressures from anthropogenic activities that negatively change the ecological and environmental status of beaches and impact human welfare. The focus of this paper is coastal erosion, an issue that is very relevant for Argentina, the second largest nation in Latin America with an extensive coastline of nearly 5000 km. Coastal erosion decreases the attractiveness of coastal areas for tourism development, leading to considerable economic impacts. In this paper, two complementary approaches, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) and the Systems Approach Framework (SAF), were used to analyse two beach resorts in Argentina: Monte Hermoso and Pehuen Co. Application of the SAF included stakeholder mapping, governance (institutional) mapping and issue identification. During the participatory meetings with stakeholders and decision makers, the problem of coastal erosion was identified as the most important in the region. The joint approach of DPSIR and SAF contributed to: (i) the determination and description of the economic drivers of coastal erosion; (ii) the identification of the associated activities and pressures; (iii) the assessment of the ecological and environmental state of coastal areas; (iv) the assessment of impacts of environmental changes on human wellbeing; and finally (v) a proposal of the possible management responses for mitigating the coastal erosion problem and the sustainable development of the region to the responsible authorities.