CNC Design

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Why would I embark on designing an Electric Upright Bass? Because the advent of CAD-CAM and the affordability of CNC Routers makes it possible for someone with industrial design skills. Luthier (musical instrument making) used to be limited to the realm of master craftsmen. That is no longer the case.

FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT: www.BerlezBass.com

With high speed of technology development, Plasma CNC machine plays an important role in industry, as it can cut any metal using only compressed air ignited at high voltage and high frequency. The cut is fast, clean and highly accurate. This report shows how plasma CNC machine was built step by step. Plasma CNC machine contains several parts: plasma unit, controller circuit, CNC table and software. Plasma unit generates the plasma torch which can cut the metals. Controller circuit controls the stepper motors using microstepping method. This method has high accuracy control. CNC table design and analysis was performed by Autodesk Inventor software. CNC table contains three axes Y-axis, X-axis, Z-axis which move using rods and rails as linear motion system. It is strong and stable. Plasma trace Software was used to convert images to G-code that will be loaded to MACH3 software and mach3 will send commands to controller circuit by parallel port to move the axes. The plasma CNC machine was tested and gave good results with high accuracy.

The subject of this research is based on the optimization of the
manufacturing process using modern automated CNC milling machines. The problem that has generally emerged on the world market is to fulfil goals dictated by the modern era which are reflected in quality, time domain and complexity of a manufacturing process. Adopting modern CNC milling machines, it seeks to maximize production optimization, mostly from the aspect of manufacturing times with occurring indirect factors that affect the overall optimization. The idea of this study is based on a comparison of efficiency and effectiveness between traditional systems which are still being used in production plants and modern – automated systems that slowly overtake the role as a leader in all production spheres.

The introduction of computer aided design methodologies to architectural practice had transformative impact on how modern buildings are conceived, designed, and eventually realised. While most have welcomed the efficiencies offered to design workflows, the methods have also attracted considerable negative criticism. Such opponents persist in questioning the ability of these methods to convey the essential qualities of building process and production. They contend that architecture should not be the result of programmed algorithms but conceived and authored by human intuition and tectonics; the activity of making functional constructions that transcend to a creative art form. Notwithstanding this criticism, the drive to achieve greater efficiency has dominated the agenda to ensure digital computational methods have their indispensable presence in modern architectural practice.

Computer aided design has surpassed its embryonic description as a mere drafting instrument to now encompass an expanding range of methods and practices. Advanced workflows now provide designers the opportunity to conceptualise and dynamically simulate architectural constructions and their interactive behaviours. Such advancements have in turn redefined architectural tectonics. This has been encouraged by a recent paradigm shift supporting the primacy of evidence-based decision making. Digital technologies provide the efficient means by which such evidence can be generated, gathered, and analysed to inform decision making. A subculture now exists within the field that seeks to optimise this agenda by unifying architectural and engineering skills to deliver data-driven built environment solutions. Cecil Balmond identifies this subculture of the ‘architectural-engineer’ as having gained significant traction in recent years, and believes both fields should integrate their theoretical and practical knowledge bodies to ad-dress this progressive union.

The ‘digital design methods’ seminar series hosted at the University of Bath represented a progressive step in addressing Cecil Balmond's call; as well as in bridging the gap between abstract architectural research and realised constructions. The series of seven seminars held were concerned with the four principal topic areas of biomimetics; iterative and intelligent design; environmental modelling; and digital fabrication. The resulting discussions in relation to the development of the Design Studio 05 (DS_05) project is considered in this paper.

Street furniture refers to objects and facilities located in urban public spaces that provide various services and functions to the public. It is one of the essential elements of the urban environment that contributes to humans and their activities. Although comparatively small in scale, street furniture plays a significant role, along with other urban landscape elements such as architecture and urban space, in determining the quality of an urban environment and in representing the image of a city. Of all the urban landscape elements, street furniture has the closest contact and interaction with humans. The
role of street furniture has been emphasized in developed parts of the world (e.g., the United States, Europe, and Japan) even during its early stages, but is just beginning to gain in importance in other places (e.g., China). Under the influence of rapid urbanization and globalization, global warming, and a growing emphasis on humanism, urban landscape design (including street furniture) is facing unparalleled challenges and requirements in the 21st century.

Street furniture design involves a wide range of concerns, including function, environment, and meaning. However, comprehensive studies on street furniture are rare. Typically, street furniture design is only briefly mentioned in urban landscape studies, or as a technical listing in design guidelines. In recent years, various street furniture studies specifically focusing on one area (e.g., identity or aesthetics) have been carried out, but the correlations between different concerns
have been neglected. In accordance with the aforementioned idea, this study investigates different perspectives of street furniture, and proposes comprehensive design principles.

Through the application and extension of urban landscape design principles, and the integration and reorganization of street furniture
design principles suggested by relevant studies, a rudimentary series of principles of street furniture design was first drafted. The design principles were subsequently examined by case studies of street furniture design in different places (e.g., United States, Japan, and China) and collaborative street-scape and street furniture design projects in Asia, in which the design principles were implemented, evaluated, and consolidated and based on this some new principles and details were suggested. Finally this study puts forth a model that explains the principles of street furniture design from different perspectives.

Based on a people-oriented premise, the model comprises three main principles: function, unity, and identity. This model
discusses the importance, reasons for and details of the premise, principles and sub-principles, and also the correlations
between them, with examples from case studies and collaborative design projects. These principles are equally important,
and coordinate and interflow with one another. The fulfilment of one principle can contribute to the achievement of the
others, and vice versa. The model of principles of street furniture design was created to be flexibly applied in different
situations. Rather than listing every single design detail of every type of street furniture, the model instead presents all
possible areas of concern that should be taken into account when designing street furniture.

After the model of principles of street furniture design is established, this study discusses and concludes with how the design principles can be implemented in designing street furniture in real situations. This study investigates how street furniture can be designed according to its location by implementing the principles of street furniture design, and how street furniture design can be improved by comparing real situations and theoretical principles. Through the comparisons
(differences), the limitations of street furniture design in the given areas (i.e., urban renewal districts—densely populated old urban areas) are addressed. The limitations are divided into three main categories: rooted constraints, external constraints, and internal problems. The reason behind these limitations and their possible solutions are then suggested according to the principles of street furniture design. The methods of the implementation of the design principles, and the
comparison between real situation and design principles can be applied in designing street furniture in different places.

Through the establishment and discussion of the model of principles of street furniture design, this study functions to introduce an appropriate and complete understanding (including the nature, importance, functions, and design principles) of street furniture, to rectify the misinterpretation and reinforce the concept of street furniture design. The study provides a comprehensive reference of street furniture design for different parties (policymakers, designers, and the public) to create quality street furniture. Based on an appropriate and complete understanding of street furniture provided by this study, further investigation on specific locations or principles can be done based on relevant studies.

En este trabajo se presenta la creación de 4 piezas mecánicas modeladas con base en un diseño previo y/o muestra, contando con su fabricación de cada una de ellas y para la que se usó un tipo de máquina herramienta especifica en su mayoría. El criterio usado para su fabricación se basó en tablas y ecuaciones estandarizadas para de allí obtener los valores con los que se trabajaría en cada tipo de máquina.

The special mold of riding boots is a stylized shape of the leg from its foot to knee. The lower part corresponding to the shoe last is designed based on the parameters of the average foot, taking into account the requirements of biomechanics, physiology, and aesthetic features of the shoe style. The upper part repeats the parameters of the shin and has a specific asymmetrical shape, which ensures a stylish and perfect form of the riding boot. To obtain the initial data for designing the mold, there were performed anthropometric measurements of the shins of young women whose feet sizes correspond to the average ones in the selected sample. Designing of the lower part of the mold was carried out on the basis of the average parameters of the foot in Crispin LastMaker software complex using the method of reverse engineering. Designing of the general shape was performed in the PowerShape software environment by means of the features of surface, solid, and hybrid modeling. This type of boots must be made with several width-girth parameters, and the possibility to make boots with different designs must be provided. Therefore, in order to effectively use the molding means (a boot-tree), in the work, there was proposed the transforming mold, which allows making boots of different widths and with different shapes of the toe part due to its structure consisting of four parts changing the relative position and individual elements due to which it is possible to achieve multipurpose usage.

Resumo-Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um minitorno CNC (Comando Numérico Computadorizado) com viés didático para ser utilizado em aulas praticas de usinagem. A máquina apresenta estrutura simples, dimensões reduzidas, interface amigável e baixo custo de construção e operação. É destinada a usinagem de materiais como poliacetal, polietileno, poliamida e outros polímeros de baixa dureza. A integração da tecnologia CNC é baseada na utilização do controlador MACH3, o que configura a máquina como minitorno automatizado. Os testes com a máquina ocorreram em três etapas distintas, com o objetivo de identificar erros como histerese, comparar as peças usinadas com o modelo CAD das mesmas, e por último o monitoramento da velocidade do eixo árvore afim de conferir se a mesma estava de acordo com a indicada no software de controle. A análise dos resultados comprovou que apesar de algumas limitações construtivas, o equipamento apresentou resultados satisfatórios para as atividades ao qual foi submentido. Palavras-Chave: Minitorno. CNC. MACH3.Usinagem. Polímeros. Equipamento Didático.

Abstract-This project's goal is to develop a small turn CNC with didactic characteristics, to be used in classroom. The machine presents simple structure, reduced dimension, friendly interface e low cost production and operation. It is intended for machining of materials such as polyacetal, polyethylene, polyamide and other polymers of low hardness. The integration of CNC technology is based on the use MACH3 controller, which configures the machine as small turn automated. The tests with the machine occurred in three distinct stages, with the aim of identifying errors as hysteresis, compare the machined parts with the same CAD model, and finally monitoring the speed of the spindle in order to check whether it was consistent as indicated in the control software. The results showed that despite some limitations on the construction, the device showed satisfactory results for the activities to which it was submitted.

Este trabalho é o desfecho técnico do projeto integrador desenvolvido no ano de 2012 pelos alunos: Andreilton Carvalho dos Santos Lima, Claudio Abílio da Silveira, Gustavo Luis de Sousa, Leonardo Santana, Matheus Santos da Silva.

This paper deals with digital integration between design and fabrication in order to construct a complex double-curved concrete surface. This research focused on practical application of CNC technology to polyurethane (EPS), as an alternative to concrete formwork. The influence of specific EPS properties as deformability under compression, water tightness and finish on concrete prefabrication was analysed. This enabled high flexibility of architectural forms and textures, integrated in structural elements. Limitations were found on the mould reuse for several elements.

added text:
The sculpture produced is a landmark in the production of complex shapes in reinforced concrete, and although it has been produced outside its technology time, it brings a real perspective about digital design and production possibilities for any type of element in reinforced concrete structures.

The machining technologies and modern intelligent systems are expensive and require easy handling and integrated-able machine with various devices to perform multiple machining tasks. Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines are accessible by manufacturers to perform several machining tasks due to effectiveness in handling accuracy. The majority of CNC machines are costly due to it complex but efficient machine and software design. This project is aimed to develop a cost effective and easily integrate-able CNC Machine System that is accessible to add-on Nd-Yag Laser Device. The deliberate mechanical design and the path of laser beam entering the machine and exiting the laser-head with intended electronics control structure controlled by CNC software is developed. The designed CNC Nd-Yag laser Machine is a teaching tool for workshop and is targeted to perform laser cutting and suitable engraving or welding tasks for small and medium scale industries. By testing the machine its expected positional accuracy was achieved and the control mechanism for Nd-Yag laser path reflection function was successfully tested.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de reparar un equipo didáctico CNC obsoleto e inoperante, bajo la idea de utilizar materiales de bajo costo y un software actual, ofreciendo la opción de comunicarse a través de un puerto que sea de uso generalizado como en su tiempo lo fue el puerto paralelo. Comenzando un poco de historia y conceptos de los sistemas CNC para demostrar la importancia de conocer y saber operarlos, el papel de la electrónica e informática en la mejora de estos equipos, la descripción del problema, métodos y materiales, análisis de resultados, así como conclusiones y trabajos futuros.

El presente artículo propone una metodología para el diseño y la fabricación de implantes craneales a partir de imágenes DICOM y tecnologías CAD/CAM/CNC. Esta metodología parte de las Tomografías Axiales Computarizadas (TAC) de la cabeza del paciente, con las cuales se lleva a cabo la reconstrucción tridimensional del cráneo. Luego, en el sistema CAD se reconstruye el implante variando la técnica empleada dependiendo de la región del cráneo con defecto o trauma. Una vez obtenido el modelo, se diseña el montaje y se fabrica el implante con soporte en tecnología CAM/CNC. MSC: 68Nxx, 68U07

El presente artículo propone una metodología para el diseño y la fabricación de implantes craneales a partir de imágenes DICOM y tecnologías CAD/CAM/CNC. Esta metodología parte de las Tomografías Axiales Computarizadas (TAC) de la cabeza del paciente, con las cuales se lleva a cabo la reconstrucción tridimensional del cráneo. Luego, en el sistema CAD se reconstruye el implante variando la técnica empleada dependiendo de la región del cráneo con defecto o trauma. Una vez obtenido el modelo, se diseña el montaje y se fabrica el implante con soporte en tecnología CAM/CNC.

MSC: 68Nxx, 68U07

This work focuses on the application of CNC technology to designing and fabricating of pattern sketcher for 'Adire' fabrics popularly made by the Yoruba tribe in South Western Nigeria. Pattern making, being an operation that requires multi-axial movements of which CNC readily fit in, becomes easier to carry out unlike the local painting of fabrics as is currently being practiced amongst local 'Adire' manufacturers. In order to make the production of this machine readily available and affordable, effort is put on the usage of locally available materials where appropriate and efficient, to minimize cost of production and improve local technology. Computer Aided Design software is used for general components design, assembly, and simulation. Arduino technology is used for motor speed and position control. Fabrication is carried out in a local workshop using available technology as the benchmark for this prototype's production. Testing of computer infused pattern is carried out and comparison made with prototype sketcher's output. Encouraging results are obtained which could be improved upon.

Most 3D printing technologies excel in delivering geometric complexity, functionality and part precision. Yet, most are not designed to adequately articulate the surface of 3D printed elements with complex patterns, motifs, or colouration. The problem of synthesis between form and surface reaches back to the first forming of clay vessels and the added surface articulation as glazing after the firing of the clay form. In the long history of Chinese ceramics, craftsmen were able to balance an intricate knowledge of material reactions, form, and glazing during the firing process with curiosity and the will to innovate. This paper presents the results of our investigation into transferring this ancient craft – it combines scientific, historical, cultural and technical considerations to analyze and reflect on the digital making process of a glaze for 3D printed objects. Through an experimental, yet inclusive interdisciplinary research method using a combination of material experiment as well as catalogue and design application, we created an index of suitable chemical reagents and developed robotic and software tools for their application on 3D printed surfaces. The resulting digital craftsmanship is able to extend the repertoire of today's digital working artists and designers.

− − − − In this study the results of working on establishment of Brinell and Vickers hardness standards in UME Hardness Laboratory, made for several years, are presented. Brinell and Vickers hardness scales which had been aimed have been completed. Direct and indirect calibrations of the systems in accordance with ISO 6506-3[3] and ISO 6507-3[5] were made and good results were obtained. For the indirect calibration of the systems, hardness reference blocks calibrated by PTB (National Metrology Institute of Germany) were used. In addition, Brinell and Vickers Hardness Standard Systems of UME Hardness Laboratory are introduced and their performance results are interpreted.

Se presenta la implementación y resultados de un sistema de control numérico diseñado y construido localmente. Se describe el sistema mecánico y se explican con detalle los sistemas electrónico y de software, implementados para fabricar piezas de ajedrez a partir de un dibujo realizado en cualquier software de diseño gráfico. Se describen los algoritmos básicos y conceptos de conversión a unidades de desplazamiento de los actuadores del sistema. Igualmente, se describe la interfaz gráfica que facilita la interrelación del usuario (diseñador) con el sistema CAD.

MSC: 68Nxx, 68U07

In this study the results of working on establishment of Brinell and Vickers hardness standards in UME Hardness Laboratory, made for several years, are presented. Brinell and Vickers hardness scales which had been aimed have been completed. Direct and indirect calibrations of the systems in accordance with ISO 6506- 3(3) and ISO 6507-3(5) were made and good results were obtained. For the indirect calibration of the systems, hardness reference blocks calibrated by PTB (National Metrology Institute of Germany) were used. In addition, Brinell and Vickers Hardness Standard Systems of UME Hardness Laboratory are introduced and their performance results are interpreted.

ملخص الرسالة
عنوان البحث: تقنيات سباكة المعادن والاستفادة من معطياتها في تنفيذ المشغولة المعدنية.
اسم الباحثة: غادة غازي تاج جان.

أهم أهداف البحث:
1- التعرف على مراحل تطوّر سباكة المعادن على مر العصور، والوقوف على التقنيات المتبعة في سباكة المعادن.
2- التعرف على الأساليب التنفيذية والتقنيات المتبعة في معالجة سطح المسبوكات التي يمكن من خلالها الحصول على مجسمات ومشغولات معدنية جيدة الإخراج.
3- التعرف على طرق الاستفادة من تقنيات السباكة في إثراء الجانب العلمي والعملي عن طريق تنفيذ المشغولات المعدنية بطريقة مبتكرة ، والتعرف على المزايا التي يمكن تحقيقها من خلال إتباع تقنيات السباكة.

منهج البحث: استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في عرض المعلومات التي تختص بالجانب
النظري . كما استخدمت المنهج شبة التجريبي للتأكد من فروض ومتغيرات البحث.

أهم نتائج البحث:
1- سباكة الشمع المفقود أكثر دقة في إظهار التفاصيل الصغيرة والدقيقة من تقنية سباكة الرمل.
2- الفهم والإدراك الدقيق لسير عملية تقنيات السباكة تسهل على الفنان استخدامه لها ، كما تفتح له مجالات جديدة للتعبير الفني والتشكيلي، واختلاف تطبيق المعالجات على سطح العمل المسبوك الواحد رؤية جديدة ومختلفة للعمل نفسه.
3- تحقق تقنيات السباكة (الرمل والشمع المفقود) مزايا فنية متعددة غير متاحة في أساليب التشكيل
الأخرى.
4- ينتج عن عملية الصقل الشديدة سطح شديد النعومة واللمعان كمرآة  تعكس الأشياء المحيطة من حولها.

أهم التوصيات: توصي الباحثة بـ:
1- الاهتمام بالسباكة الفنية وخاصةً سباكة الشمع المفقود.
2- أن يتضمن قسم التربية الفنية ورشة أو معمل تتوفر بها مستلزمات هذا المجال وتهيئتها للعمل والتطبيق الفني من قبل الطالبات.
3- أن تتضمن الدراسات المستقبلية البحث في عملية التلوين "البتين" الكيميائي، وتقنية الطرد المركزي وخاصةً في مجال الحلي ، وتقنية التشكيل بالترسيب الكهربائي.



Abstract
Research title: techniques artifacts and utilization of minerals in the implementation own mineral Filled. 
Researcher Name: Ghada Ghazi Taj Jean.
The most important objectives of the research:
1- Identifying of stages in the evolution of metal fixtures over the centuries to recognize techniques used in artifacts metals.
2- Identifying operational methods and techniques used in the treatment of surface castings by which they can obtain, well producible metal works. 
3- Identifying ways to take advantage of the artifacts techniques to enrich the scientific and practical implementation through metal crafts in an innovative way and identifying the advantages that can be achieved through techniques artifacts. 
Researcher descriptive: Curriculum research descriptive of the researcher used in the presentation of analytical information, which specializes in the theoretical side. The method used to ensure paramilitary experimental assumptions and variables research. 
The most important research results: 
1- Casting lost wax technique is more accurate to show the small, precise detail of the technical artifacts sand. 
2- Understanding and perception of the conduct of the artifacts techniques facilitate and help the artist, as to use there it opens new avenues of artistic expression and sculpture, and the application of different treatments on the surface of the cast to see a new and different work itself. 
3- Artifacts techniques (sand, lost wax) achieves several technical advantages not available in the configuration of other methods. 
4- The process of refinement of the surface produces very strong and smoothest shine, where it seems the mirror reflecting the surrounding things around.     
Recommendation: The most important recommendations are as follows: 
1- Artistic artifacts, especially because most of the lost wax.
2- The Department of technical Education slued include workshop or hob, which has available points sedated to this area and pupae it for work and technical application lay students 
3- The Future studies should research in the colors Albtin chemical composition and electrical sedimentation.

In present times many industries are giving more importance in reducing the overall cost of production and in this regard reduction in weight of the work material has become necessary which in turn reduces the power consumption required for machining and hence leads to reduction in overall costs. Thus usage of light weight materials has garnered deep interest in the industries. This project deals with the turning of Mg AZ31B alloy for the above stated reasons. The objective of this work is to optimize the influencing cutting parameters like speed, feed, depth of cut and approach angle of the cutting tool by using experimental engineering design techniques like Taguchi method of orthogonal array, analysis of variance method to compute contribution of each of these parameters on the quality of machined output. The response variables taken up for this analysis were surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear rate and machining time as all these factors governs the quality of the machined product and hence relates to economics of machining. Regression models have been developed in order to study about the mathematical relation between the input cutting parameters and each of the output variables. Contour plots have been drawn to study about interactions between the input cutting parameters and its impact on the output variables. In order to study the effect of cryogenic soaking on the work specimen Vickers hardness test has been performed to check the enhancement of the hardness before and after cryogenic soaking. The experimental data shows that surface roughness is mostly affected by approach angle of the cutting tool whereas material removal rate, tool wear rate and machining time were mostly affected by depth of cut. From the confirmatory test it was evident that Taguchi analysis helps in optimizing the output variables. It was also observed that cryogenic soaking suitably increases the hardness of the material thus making it more machinable.

− In this study the results of working on establishment of Brinell and Vickers hardness standards in UME Hardness Laboratory, made for several years, are presented. Brinell and Vickers hardness scales which had been aimed have been completed. Direct and indirect calibrations of the systems in accordance with ISO 6506-3[3] and ISO 6507-3[5] were made and good results were obtained. For the indirect calibration of the systems, hardness reference blocks calibrated by PTB (National Metrology Institute of Germany) were used. In addition, Brinell and Vickers Hardness Standard Systems of UME Hardness Laboratory are introduced and their performance

After 16 years of leading the Hyperbody research group as professor of practice at the TU Delft, I wanted to do something completely different and looked at the Gulf region for further educational and professional activities. I was familiar with the region, having lectured in several countries of the Middle East and eventually having realized an office building in Abu Dhabi. My practice ONL [Oosterhuis_Lénárd], which I run together with my wife and business partner visual artist Ilona Lénárd, proposed a number of iconic architectural proposals for hotels and office towers, and was eventually awarded some prestigious commissions for master planning projects: the redevelopment of Manhal Palace, the residence of previous ruler Sheik Zayed in Abu Dhabi. Our continuous efforts to contribute to the building market in the UAE culminated in our realized design for Mr Abdullah Al Nasser, the LIWA tower in Abu Dhabi [2014]. I Joined the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning [DAUP] at Qatar University in September 2017. Featured Realized Projects My future has always coalesced with the here and now.

Wood carving is one of the important carriers of indigenous culture. In New Zealand, Māori carving forms a distinctive part of its culture. Traditional carvings require skilful handicraft techniques and complex knowledge of carving patterns. The emerging technologies of digital fabrication can provide highly efficient fabrication solutions. This motivates us to intersect traditional indigenous wood carving in conjunction with computational instruments and methodologies. Our research focuses on underlying parametric systems to develop a rule-based algorithm that allows for the automatic generation of ‘koru’patterns for CNC and robotic supported fabrication. First, we study the topology and culture context of the carving. Next, we model parametrically the koru patterns according to the underlying logic of the patterns. In the forward-reverse translation process of form and algorithm, cultural heritage and digital realm, we intend to make the overall process more accessible and interpretable. After the digital modelling, digital fabrication is carried out using a CNC machine or single arm industrial robots. Our research proves the feasibility of a digital generation and fabrication process in the heritage realm of Māori wood-carvings. We end the paper with a discussion of how our methodology can be used to investigate the potential for indigenous development, cultural empowerment and innovation. A contemporary translation of cultural heritage into the current realm of digital technologies and possibilities has research potential that needs to be debated further

This research investigates how a Knowledge-Based approach to developing BIM objects of Engineered-To-Order (ETO) components could facilitate the workflow between designers and fabricators. The work reported in this paper represents the findings of a 16 month action research project undertaken with an ETO woodwork component
fabrication company with both conventional and Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining capabilities. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate a way for how BIM objects could first be embedded with
fabrication semantics, and then used to support the workflow between designers and fabricators, specifically where CNC machines are used. To demonstrate the idea, the methodology is outlined in the context of a developed BIM object for a base cabinet from the domain of custom cabinetry. The BIM object was validated by fabricating the actual component via a simulated workflow between design and fabrication disciplines in a real setting. The main contribution is that the research clarifies some of the ambiguity relating to BIM and CNC technologies working in tandem. The discussed results explain the benefits and challenges observed through the use of this method as well as provide avenues for further investigation.