Catfish

Kenya has a great potential for aquaculture growth by producing additional volumes of fish to fill the growing gap in national fish supply, as wild fish catches continue to decline. In order to balance the shortfall between fish production and high increase in demand, the Kenyan government drafted a fiscal policy measure in the form of Economic Stimulus Program (ESP) to stimulate economic growth in the industry. Despite increased aquaculture adoption and subsequent increase in fish supply in the country, little is known about consumer preference of farmed fish products that ultimately may hinder optimization of production and marketing of the aquaculture sub-sector. This study examined factors influencing consumer preferences and marketing trends in the demand for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Kirinyaga and Vihiga Counties in Kenya. A total of 153 questionnaires were administered to 95 and 58 respondents in Kirinyaga and Vihiga coun...

A population of a non-indigenous armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys aff. pardalis from the Dinh river basin (Khan Hoa province, Vietnam). We provide evidence that this is a fully naturalised self-reproducing population and present data on its reproduction. Batch spawning is noted. Possible threat presented by this population to the native habitat and its inhabitants is discussed along with its possible fate. We also analysed the patterns of the fish colouration, which is the main character used for the identification of the species of this genus. We provide evidence that morphometric traits and patterns of the body colouration do not form discrete clusters. Therefore, systematics of the genus should be revised and several species would likely be invalid.

Kenya has a great potential for aquaculture growth by producing additional volumes of fish to fill the growing gap in national fish supply, as wild fish catches continue to decline. In order to balance the shortfall between fish production and high increase in demand, the Kenyan government drafted a fiscal policy measure in the form of Economic Stimulus Program (ESP) to stimulate economic growth in the industry. Despite increased aquaculture adoption and subsequent increase in fish supply in the country, little is known about consumer preference of farmed fish products that ultimately may hinder optimization of production and marketing of the aquaculture sub-sector. This study examined factors influencing consumer preferences and marketing trends in the demand for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Kirinyaga and Vihiga Counties in Kenya. A total of 153 questionnaires were administered to 95 and 58 respondents in Kirinyaga and Vihiga coun...

Freeze dried surimi powder is a surimi type that has been processed through freeze drying. To utilize oversized catfish and to reduce surimi handling cost, oversized catfish has been used as raw material of surimi powder. The study aimed to determine the effect of defatting (NaHCO3 concentration and soaking duration), washingcycle,and dryoprotectant type on catfish surimi, as well as quality differences between surimi powder and wet surimi. With regard to defatting step, soaking in NaHCO3 0.75% for 10 min was found as the best treatment and resulting in a fat content of 1.52%. Moreover, one time of washing cycle was found as the most appropriate procedure to obtain a superior quality of surimi whiteness value 57.21%, water holding capacity 73.28%, salts soluble protein 7.17%, pH 6.69, and gel strength 482.3 g/cm2, folding value of 4.84, teeth cutting value of 8.26, respectively. Trehalose 6% was the most suitable dryoprotectant resulting in surimi powder with water holding capacity of 8.01 mL/g, gel strength 826.3 g/cm2, salt soluble protein 18.98%, density 4.06 mL/10 g, rehydration capacity 3.81, emulsion capacity 69.3%, emulsion stability 59.3%, foaming capacity 25.33% and foaming stability 9.40%. The microstructure profile of surimi powder added with trehalose had more compact tissues, consisted of no damage and clots, than in surimi treated with other dryoprotectants. However, surimi powder still had lower protein content than in wet surimi, and lower physical and chemical properties, particularly its teeth cutting and folding characteristics.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:
 Social media/networks literacy (e.g., critical thinking, scams, phishing)
 Social media/networks users (e.g., QOL, FOMO, addiction, cyberbullying, trolling, social distancing, loneliness, anxiety, depression, children, older adults...)
 Ethical and privacy concerns
 Social identity and social polarization (e.g., populism, democracy, social identity frames, catfishing)
 Social media/networks marketing (e.g., social media influencers)
 Social media/networks as a tool for misinformation (e.g., Fake news,
hoaxes, conspiracies, trustworthiness)
 Social media/networks sentiment, public opinion (e.g. hate speech,
immigration, COVID-19, policy issues, elections, climate crisis)
 Unconventional views on social networks (e.g., historical ...)

The present study was carried out to know the artificial breeding of Ompk pabda, Heteropneustes fossilis and Pangasius hypophthalmus using pituitary gland (PG) from June to August 2014, in the hatcheries in Jessore region. Brood stock of Pangus, Shing, and Pabda was developed in the hatchery. A total of 10 hatcheries were included in the study. Brood fishes were reared in the brood rearing pond by providing artificial diet for good health and full maturation. Brood fishes were injected with PG in different months June to August. Both male and female were injected with PG. In Pabda, Shing and Pangus first PG dose was applied at 8-10, 30-35 and 1-2 mg PG/kg of body weight of females respectively. After 1 st PG dose of Pabda, Shing, and Pangus (6 hours later) female were treated with 2nd doses at 10-12, 60, 8-10 mg PG/kg of body weight, respectively. At the time of second dose of female, the males were also treated with single PG dose. The males of Pabda, Shing and Pangus were treated with 8-10, 30-35 and 1-2 mg PG/kg body weight respectively. It was observed that the female and male brood fishes eject eggs and milt within 12-14 hours respectively. Ovulation occurred in Pabda, Shing, and Pangus naturally after, 6-7 hours. The fertilized eggs of Pabda, Shing and Pangus were hatched within 22-24 hours. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency ranged from 22-34 0 C, 6-8.5, 5-7.5 ppm and 22-32 cm of the water of brood rearing ponds respectively. The average spawn production and body weight of female Pabda, Shing and Pangus were 11500/kg and 120/gm, 21000/kg and 130/gm, 44500/kg and 3.5/kg, respectively. The average fertilization, hatching and survival rate of Pangus (80%, 73% and 64%), Shing (73%, 68% and 58%) and Pabda (78%, 65% and 60%) respectively. The male and female ratio was maintained as 1:2 for each fishes.

Trichomycterus wapixana is described from the Branco river basin, Roraima State, northern Brazil. It belongs to the T. hasemani group, composed of T. hasemani, T. johnsoni and T. anhanga and defined by the presence of a single wide cranial fontanel delimited by the frontal and supraoccipital, absence of the pores i1 and i3, absence of branchiostegal rays on the posterior ceratohyal and the by the presence of a large and distally expanded process on the palatine. It differs from the other species of that assemblage by having a unique combination of character states, including number of vertebrae, relative position of anal fin, relative position of pelvic and dorsal fin, presence of pelvic fin and pelvic girdle, number of dorsal and ventral procurrent rays in the caudal fin, anal-fin rays, pectoral-fin rays, branchiostegal rays, pleural ribs, morphology of palatine, presence of parasphenoid and relative position of urogenital pore.

A phylogenetic analysis based on 311 morphological characters is presented for most species of the Doradidae, all genera of the Auchenipteridae, and representatives of 16 other catfish families. The hypothesis that was derived from the six most parsimonious trees support the monophyly of the South American Doradoidea (Doradidae plus Auchenipteridae), as well as the monophyly of the clade Doradoidea plus the African Mochokidae. In addition, the clade with Sisoroidea plus Aspredinidae was considered sister to Doradoidea plus Mochokidae. Within the Auchenipteridae, the results support the monophyly of the Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The latter is composed of Tocantinsia, and four monophyletic units, two small with Asterophysus and Liosomadoras, and Pseudotatia and Pseudauchenipterus, respectively, and two large ones with the remaining genera. Within the Doradidae, parsimony analysis recovered Wertheimeria as sister to Kalyptodoras, composing a clade sister to all remaining doradids, which include Franciscodoras and two monophyletic groups: Astrodoradinae (plus Acanthodoras and Agamyxis) and Doradinae (new arrangement). Wertheimerinae, new subfamily, is described for Kalyptodoras and Wertheimeria. Doradinae is corroborated as monophyletic and composed of four groups, one including Centrochir and Platydoras, the other with the large-size species of doradids (except Oxydoras), another with Orinocodoras, Rhinodoras, and Rhynchodoras, and another with Oxydoras plus all the fimbriate-barbel doradids. Based on the results, the species of Opsodoras are included in Hemidoras; and Tenellus, new genus, is described to include Nemadoras trimaculatus, N. leporhinus and Nemadoras ternetzi. Due to conflicting hypotheses of the phylogenetic position of Acanthodoras, Agamyxis, and Franciscodoras, these are considered as incertae sedis in Doradidae. All suprageneric taxa of the Doradoidea are diagnosed based on synapomorphic morphological characteristics. Uma análise filogenética com base em 311 caracteres morfológicos é apresentada para a maioria das espécies de Doradidae, todos os gêneros de Auchenipteridae e representantes de outras 16 famílias de Siluriformes. A hipótese de consenso entre as seis árvores mais parcimoniosas corrobora o monofiletismo do grupo Sul-americano Doradoidea (Doradidae mais Auchenipteridae), bem como o de Doradoidea mais a família Africana Mochokidae. O clado de Sisoroidea mais Aspredinidae é considerado como grupo-irmão de Doradoidea mais Mochokidae. Dentre os Auchenipteridae, os resultados corroboraram o monofiletismo de Centromochlinae e Auchenipterinae. Esta última inclui Tocantinsia e outros quarto grupos monofiléticos, um com Asterophysus e Liosomadoras, um com Pseudotatia e Pseudauchenipterus, e outros dois maiores com os demais gêneros da subfamília. Dentre os Doradidae, a análise de parcimônia recuperou Wertheimeria como grupo-irmão de Kalyptodoras, formando um clado irmão de todos os demais doradídeos, que incluem Franciscodoras e dois grupos: Astrodoradinae (mais Acanthodoras e Agamyxis) e Doradinae (arranjo novo). Wertheimerinae, subfamília nova, é descrita para os gêneros Kalyptodoras e Wertheimeria. Doradinae é corroborada como monofilética e composta por quatro grupos de espécies, o primeiro com Centrochir e Platydoras, o segundo com os doradídeos de grande porte (exceto Oxydoras), o terceiro com Orinocodoras, Rhinodoras e Rhynchodoras, e o quarto com Oxydoras e os doradídeos de barbilhões fimbriados. Com base nos resultados, Opsodoras é considerado como sinônimo júnior de Hemidoras; e Tenellus, gênero novo, é descrito para Nemadoras trimaculatus, N. leporhinus e Nemadoras ternetzi. Devido à existência de hipóteses conflitantes para a posição filogenética de Acanthodoras, Agamyxis e Franciscodoras, estes são considerados como incertae sedis em Doradidae. Todos os grupos supra-genéricos de Doradoidea são diagnosticados com base em caracteres morfológicos sinapomórficos.

A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships within the callichthyid subfamily Corydoradinae is proposed based on 83 characters. The monophyly of the subfamily is well supported, as are those of two included genera, Aspidoras and Brochis. However, the monophyly of Corydoras, as traditionally defined, is not corroborated, with some of currently included species being more closely related to Aspidoras or Brochis than to nominal congeners. These conclusions contrast with a previous hypothesis, which considered Brochis and Corydoras as forming a monophyletic assemblage, with Aspidoras as its sister-group. A clade composed of Aspidoras and the species currently assigned to Corydoras, C. barbatus, C. ma- cropterus, C. prionotus and Corydoras sp. A, is herein recognized based on the following characters: possession of anterior portion of frontal bone long, hypobranchial 2 well ossified, free margin of opercle angulated, epiphyseal branch of the supraorbital canal long, and ossified portion of pectoral spine reduced. The remaining corydoradines are grouped in a monophyletic assemblage with complex vertebra compact, posterior expansion of ceratobranchial 3 notched, presence of triangular dorsal lamina on anguloarticular, and medial expansion of coracoid exposed. A new classification is proposed to accommodate the monophyletic groups defined in the present study. Discussions about subgroups within each major clade are provided.

An experiment on induced breeding of Heteropneustes fossilis was carried out to determine the optimum dose of Flash hormone at the Bogura Matshya Khamar, Parulia, Palash, Norshindhi. The present study consisted of three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) with nine replications of each. Forty five pairs of male and female were selected from the brood rearing ponds and the average body weight of the female and male were 100±10 g and 55±5 g respectively. To observe the effective dose for induced breeding, the females were injected at the rate of 0.5 (T1), 0.45 (T2) and 0.42 (T3) ml Flash/kg body weight and correspondingly the males were administered a dose of 0.20 (T1), 0.18 (T2) and 0.17 (T3) ml Flash/kg body weight in all treatments. The fertilization rate and hatching rate were determined. Then the hatchlings were reared in aquarium up to 7 days and survival rate was determined. The water temperature was recorded between 26 to 310C during experimentation. Among the three treatments T1 showed the best result in terms of fertilization rate (80.33%), hatching rate (71.67%) and survival rate (61.56%). The present findings can be used in induced breeding of Heteropneustes fossilis for the development of hatchery propagation.

In fish farming, feeding rate is an important factor affecting the growth of fish, and thus determining the optimal feeding rate is important to the success of any aquaculture operation. This study which lasted for 99 days investigated the effect of varying feeding rates on the growth response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings were randomly distributed into nine experimental tanks giving 20 fingerlings per tank with an initial weight of 5.92±0.006 g. Three feeding rates were employed as treatments – 3%, 5%, and 7% of fresh body weight, with three replicates per treatment. The fishes were fed three times daily with commercial feed (Aller-aqua) of 42% crude protein. Growth and water quality parameters were measured fortnightly and feed ration adjusted according to the biomass in each tank. Results show that Final Mean Weight, Mean Weight Gain, Specific Growth Rate, Performance Index and Protein Efficiency Ratio were significantly hi...

The agribusiness manager must understand the basic elements of its environment to properly maneuver them. The objective of this study was to describe the business environment of catfish production in Benue State, Nigeria. The study found out that one of the nine business environment variables included in the general model – accessibility to consultants/veterinary services – exerted significant influence on the catfish farm inefficiency level in Benue State. However, the variable exhibited negative sign implying that increased access to consultants lowers technical efficiency. This is contrary to a priori expectations that increased access to consultants/veterinary services leads to higher productivity. Thus, the study came up with the conclusion that, business environment (i.e. physical, social and institutional) factors do have effect on catfish production in Benue State, Nigeria. In order to have effective control over the inputs resources within the catfish business environment, efforts should be made by academics and managers to identify other environmental factors such as government/political/legal, economic, natural, suppliers, etc, that could pose serious threats. Improvement in the years of experience in catfish production business could be achieved if catfish managers attend trainings or demonstration farms at least once every year.

Fish production is significant to Nigeria's aggregate economy. In Imo State in particular, it contributes to employment, income generation and bridging protein demand-supply gap. Despite all these, empirical studies that logically explain the determinant of income from catfish production are still relatively scanty. These creates a vacuum in research and knowledge there by making it extremely difficult if not impossible for the government and other relevant stakeholders to know the method they can use in helping farmers realize huge income from catfish production as well as prospective farmers to venture into catfish farming. It was against this backdrop that the study was systematically undertaken. Data were elicited from 90 catfish farmers' selected using multistage and purposive sampling procedure across Imo State, Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical tool, gross income and multiple regression analysis. Result show that the mean age was 45.00 years. Greater proportions (71.11%) were male. Majority (78.88%) were married with an average household size of 7 persons. The mean educational level and farming experience were 12 and 15.00 years respectively. Reasonable proportions (68.89%) have no access to credit. Average annual farm income was ₦650,000.00 ($1,570.64). Majority (45.56%) used concrete pond while approximately 47.78% of the farmers sourced their fingerling from commercials fish hatchery. Net farm income and return per capita invested were ₦3,050,714.69 ($7,371.65) and N15.41k respectively. The profitability index was N15.30, which implies that for every naira earned as

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki kekayaan alam yang sangat melimpah yang belum dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya oleh sumber daya manusia yang ada di Indonesia. Kekayaan alam tersebut yaitu biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) yang biasanya hanya digunakan sebagai benih untuk cocok tanam atau bahkan biasanya hanya dibuang karena belum terketahui khasiatnya. Ikan lele merupakan ikan yang dapat hidup di lingkungan yang kurang baik maupun dapat hidup di lingkungan yang berlumpur karena memiliki organ tambahahan yaitu Arborecent organt, pada penelitian Nadhirotul (2018) bahwa ditemukannya parasit dari jenis Ascaris lumbricoides pada saluran pencernaan dari ikan lele dari pasar jombang setelah diidentifikasi. Hal tersebut tidak menutup kemungkinan karena lingkungan yang didiami ikan lele tersebut bisa jadi tercemar maupun kurang baik, sehingga menyebabkan gejala klinis pada ikan seperti nafsu makan ikan menurun, berat badan menurun, nekrosis pada saluran pencernaan dan kematian. Selain hal tersebut sangat bersifat bahaya ketika ikan yang terinfeksi endoparasit tersebut termakan oleh manusia yang akan berdampak negatif. Dengan hal tersebut diperlukannya pengobatan herbal yang dapat menghambat atau membunuh parasit dari genus Ascaris tersebut. Gagasan dari penulis kali ini yaitu dengan memanfaatkan biji pepaya dengan cara ekstrak etanol biji pepaya yang diduga dapat mematikan pertumbuhan dari cacing Ascaris lumbricoides dengan sebanyak 16% selama satu jam. Mengacu dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan ekstrak etanol biji pepaya hanya dengan sebanyak 5% selama 3 jam dapat membunuh parasit Ascaris lumbricoides dengan presentase 100%.

A new species of the corydoradine catfish genus Aspidoras is described from an isolated coastal river basin in northeastern Brazil. The new species is the first record of a member of the subfamily Corydoradinae from the intervening region between the rio Jaguaribe and rio Sa ̃o Francisco basins. Aspidoras depinnai, new species, is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of distal bifid serrations on the ossified portion of pectoral-spine posterior border and an irregular arclike blotch on the caudal peduncle. It differs from the remaining Aspidoras species examined in the present study by the presence of an irregular row of minute pores on the head and a small cartilage between the upper principal and procurrent caudal fin rays.

Research Paper ----------
The Neosho madtom, or Noturus placidus, is a small catfish, growing to be only about two or three inches in length when fully grown. This tiny creature can only be found in the Neosho, Cottonwood, and Spring Rivers in Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. A threatened species with a very small range, the Neosho madtom needs protection. Discussed here are the Neosho madtom’s habitat, known life cycle and reproduction activities, as well as threats to the species, followed by a ten-step conservation plan that could potentially keep this creature and its habitat safe.

Understanding catfish ecology is important because catfish constitute one of the largest fish stocks in the coastal Indo-
Pacific regions. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of biological electric sensors to understand fish
ecology, but their application requires catch and release. Fish otoliths can record ecological changes, and oxygen isotopes
and Sr/Ca ratios along the growth direction are independently used to reconstruct the migration history of the fish. Here
we report high-resolution measurements of both oxygen isotopes and Sr/Ca ratios of a modern otolith from a marine
catfish (Plicofollis tenuispinis) collected from the Gulf of Khambhat, western India. Both sets of data suggest that the
catfish migrated from an estuarine environment to the sea during its lifetime. Migration history of the catfish was estimated
with monthly resolution aided by numerical modeling. Potential applications of this analysis as an environmental
recorder for variables such as temperature and water chemistry are examined.

Tatia caudosignata, new species, is described from terra firme streams of the Colombian Amazon. The new species is distinguished from congeners by its unique coloration pattern consisting of dorsal region of head and body cloaked in dark pigment, fading to pale towards ventral region; dorsal fin almost completely dark (excepting distal margin and last ray); narrow white bilobed band along base of caudal fin; and posterior margin of caudal fin with uniformly, darkly pigmented interradial membranes. Comments are provided on the phylogenetic affinities of Tatia caudosignata.

An effort to increase the production of juvenile catfish is limited by the high mortality rate, especially caused by cannibalism. The hormonal treatment has been conducted as an effort to control cannibalism. This study used completely randomized factorial design, consisted of six treatments and three replications. There were two factors examined in this study, the first factor was different doses of 17β‒estradiol hormone (0, 30, and 60 mg estradiol‒17β/kg) incorporated in the feed, and the second factor was stocking density (150 and 300 fish/m2). Juvenile catfish with the size of 4.0 ± 0.1 cm were reared for 30 days in the 84 L aquarium. The results showed that hormone treatment could reduce cannibalism rate,  type-I and II cannibalism compared to control (P<0.05). The results showed that the lowest of mortality was obtained in the treatment B (17β‒estradiol administration of 30 mg/kg, at stocking density of 150 fish/m2; P<0.05). The lowest cortisol level was found in treatme...