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This paper analyzes the demand and supply side data to show the status of financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using a set of survey instruments on demand side and data on supply side of financial inclusion, we first analyzed the demand side survey on account, saving, credit, payment, insurance and financial resilience as well as barriers to financial inclusion. Then, we determined and analyzed the supply side of the financial inclusion such as trends in the number of deposit accounts and loan accounts, branch per capita, branch density, ATMs per capita and ATMs density and the retail payment instruments penetration. The analysis of supply side study covered the data for the period from 2006 to 2015. We find that in Ethiopia 33.86 percent of adults has an account at formal financial institution in the year 2016. They use their account to keep money safe, send and receive payments, and to get credit services and foreign exchange services. Using the data on the supply side of financial inclusion in Ethiopia as of December 2015, we find that the branch per capita and branch density of 5.54 and 3.09 respectively. We find that barriers to financial inclusion such as lack of money, distance, fixed cost, and documentations are important obstacles in Ethiopia.

... Within the Malaysian environment, the following steps are required to implement this process: ... the learning process by advising the learners, both individuals and learning groups ... one or more administrators, who organize and manage the user accounts, the accounting and billing ...

The TAC 2003 supply-chain game presented automated trading agents with a challenging strategic problem. Embedded within a complex stochastic environment was a pivotal strategic decision about initial procurement of components. Early evidence suggested that the entrant field was headed toward a self-destructive, mutually unprofitable equilibrium. Our agent, Deep Maize, introduced a preemptive strategy designed to neutralize aggressive procurement, perturbing the field to a more profitable equilibrium. It worked. Not only did preemption improve Deep Maize’s profitability, it improved profitability for the whole field. Whereas it is perhaps counterintuitive that action designed to prevent others from achieving their goals actually helps them, strategic analysis employing an empirical game-theoretic methodology verifies and provides insight into the reasons of this outcome.

Real-time high quality rendering of complex models remains a big challenge. Simply splitting the models into several parts which can be simplified and rendered independently introduces disturbing gaps along the common borders. Recent approaches for viewdependent rendering of huge models either neglect the artifacts introduced by the gaps or try to maintain the connectivity of the models. Unfortunately, in the second case the computational complexity and storage requirements of the algorithms are tremendous. In this

Epigenetics include DNA methylation, the modification of histone tails that affect chromatin states, and small RNAs that are involved in the setting and maintenance of chromatin modifications. Marine stramenopiles (MAS), which are a diverse assemblage of algae that acquired photosynthesis from secondary endosymbiosis, include single-celled organisms such as diatoms as well as multicellular forms such as brown algae. The recent publication of two diatom genomes that diverged ~90 million years ago (mya), as well as the one of a brown algae that diverged from diatoms ~250 Mya, provide a great system of related, yet diverged set of organisms to compare epigenetic marks and their relationships. For example, putative DNA methyltransferase homologues were found in diatoms while none could be identified in the brown algal genome. On the other hand, no canonical DICER-like protein was found in diatoms in contrast to what is observed in brown algae. A key interest relies in understanding the adaptive nature of epigenetics and its inheritability. In contrast to yeast that lack DNA methylation, homogeneous cultures of diatoms constitute an attractive system to study epigenetic changes in response to environmental conditions such as nutrient-rich to nutrient-poor transitions which is especially relevant because of their ecological importance. P. tricornutum is also of outstanding interest because it is observed as three different morphotypes and thus constitutes a simple and promising model for the study of the epigenetic phenomena that accompany cellular differentiation. In this review we focus on the insights obtained from MAS comparative genomics and epigenomic analyses.

This work furthers the work in Transaction Agent Modelling (TrAM) by merging its conceptual catalogue based on the REA (Resources-Events-Agents) accounting model with Sowa's 1984 conceptual catalogue. The merged catalogue features in a preliminary implementation of TrAM using the Amine software tool, which also offers the model-checking support that is core to TrAM. This automated process demonstrates how Conceptual Graphs (CG) might lucidly interrelate the divergent conceptual catalogues of the myriad domains in which contemporary enterprise systems operate.

We discuss a general framework for generalized conjugate gradient methods, that is, iterative methods (for solving linear systems) that are based on generating residuals that are formally orthogonal to each other with respect to some true or formal inner product. This includes methods that generate residuals that are minimal with respect to some norm based on an inner product. A similar, even more general framework was introduced and extensively discussed by Weiss in his work. Weiss also emphasized in his work the relationship between certain pairs of orthogonal and minimal residual methods, where the results of the second method can be generated from those of the rst method by applying the minimal residual smoothing process. Examples of such pairs are the conjugate gradient (CG) and the conjugate residual (CR) methods, the full orthogonalization method (FOM) and the generalized minimal residual (GMRes) method, as well as the CGNE and CGNR versions of applying CG to the normal equat...

An object-oriented design is presented for building dynamic three-dimensional applications. This design takes the form of the Fifth Dimension Toolkit consisting of a set of interrelated classes whose instances may be connected together in a variety of ways to form different applications. Animation is obtained by connecting graphical objects to dynamic variables, which are able to change their values over