Clone

... Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of a mild isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl ... The nucleotide sequence of a field isolate of a TYLCV-like virus from Israel ... pBI121 was propagated in E. coli HB101 and shuttled into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LAB4404 (Clontech ...

Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt.) Wei. has emerged as major leaf disease of Hevea rubber infecting cultivated clones and causes economic losses. Sixty two cultivated Hevea clones were tested for CLF disease resistance under natural infection in the field and in the nursery. It was found that 10 clones in the main field and 4 clones in nursery showed no infection during initial screening, but subsequently they also showed differential reaction. Based on the average disease intensity across years, popular high yielding clone RRII 105 was found highly susceptible and commercially cultivated clones, RRIM 600 and GT l were classified under resistant group (PDI <5), while popular clones like RRII 208, PB 252, PB 5/51 and PB 213 were grouped as tolerant clones (PDI 5-l 0). Analyses of variance revealed significant variations among clones, year and clone x year's interaction components. Though average performance of clones vacillated across years, their susceptibility rankings remained relatively constant. Cluster analyses reveled natural grouping of five distinct clusters. The most susceptible clones, including RRII 105 remained very susceptible throughout the study period. None of the clones tested showed true genetic resistance bordering immunity. About 63% of clones in nursery and 68% in field tests were classed in the first cluster which showed some tolerance or lesser susceptibility to the disease (PDI 5-25). Clones in the remaining clusters were susceptible (PDI >25). As availability of suitable sources of resistance is a basic tool for the breeder, information generated is useful in successful resistance breeding programmes for CLF disease.

As a replacement for, or supplement to, the human, the posthuman produces figures that highlight the socially constructed nature of human identity. This dissertation undertakes to demonstrate how several British novelists have used the concept as a supplement or replacement for ...

 Banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV) is a previously undescribed filamentous virus infecting Musa spp. The complete genome has been sequenced from PCR clones and consists of 7352 nucleotides, encoding five open reading frames (ORFs) of 205, 25.5, 12.4, 8.0 and 26.8 kDa, respectively. BanMMV was most closely related to fovea- and carlaviruses, based on phylogenetic analysis using a portion of the viral replicase. Analysis of other parts of the genome revealed similarities with fovea-, carla- and potexviruses, but the virus was not clearly aligned to any previously recognised genus.

1. Phenotypic diversity is the fuel that powers evolution.2. Asexual organisms rely on mutation whereas sexual organisms combine mutation with recombination.3. Few organisms provide examples of species that are both sexual and asexual, but aphids do.4. To examine evolution on perceptible timescales requires strong evolutionary forces and, as Darwin noted, agricultural practices provide strong selection. In the case of aphids, insecticides provide a considerable force in the elimination of genotypes.5. Insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has arisen independently through point mutation and gene amplification on a number of occasions and at different times. Resistance to organophosphates, pyrethroids, and pirimicarb (a dimethyl carbamate) is now widespread.6. In this paper, we examine these three elements: sexual recombination, clonal expansion, and insecticide selection in the peach–potato aphid M. persicae in relation to the evolution of insecticide resistance and survival of the fittest clone.

Partial genome sequences for the tentative begomovirus Macroptilium golden mosaic virus (MGMV) have been previously reported and were originally obtained for an isolate that infected Macroptilium lathyroides in Jamaica. In this study, we PCR-amplified, cloned and determined the sequence for the complete genome of isolates of MGMV that we found infecting Wissadula amplissima collected from August Town and Spanish Town, Jamaica. Sequence analysis confirmed that MGMV is a distinct begomovirus species, based on the ICTV 89% rule for species demarcation. MGMV shared its highest nucleotide identity at 79% for DNA-A component and 66% for DNA-B component to Corchorus yellow spot virus [Mexico:Yucatan:2005]. The names Macroptilium golden mosaic virus [Jamaica1:Wissadula:AugustTown] (MGMV [JM1:Wd:AT]) and Macroptilium golden mosaic virus [Jamaica1:Wissadula:SpanishTown] (MGMV [JM1:Wd:ST]) are proposed herein for the MGMV isolates from August Town and Spanish Town, respectively. The genome organization of MGMV [JM1:Wd:AT] and MGMV [JM1:Wd:ST] is characteristic of Western Hemisphere bipartite begomoviruses. Excluding the replication enhancer protein (REn), all proteins encoded by the MGMV [JM1:Wd:AT] and MGMV [JM1:Wd:ST] genomes are most similar to their counterparts in Western Hemisphere begomoviruses. The REn proteins of MGMV [JM1:Wd:AT] and MGMV [JM1:Wd:ST], share greatest similarity to the REn protein of Corchorus yellow vein virus [Vietnam:Hoa Binh:2000], a New World-like begomovirus identified in Asia. Phylogenetic reconstruction places MGMV in a clade containing Potato yellow mosaic virus. Results of an experimental host range study indicated that MGMV [JM1:Wd:AT] can infect kidney bean, hot pepper and tomato.

L&#39;arganier est un arbre à usages multiples de grand intérêt socio-économique pour le Sud-Ouest marocain. Il est utilisé pour l&#39;alimentation des hommes et du bétail, en médecine, en cosmétique, tout en permettant de lutter contre la désertification et l&#39;érosion en produisant du bois à diverses finalités. Les peuplements naturels, en constante diminution depuis le XIXe siècle, sont menacés par diverses pressions anthropiques, de plus en plus fortes, réduisant les capacités de régénération naturelle de l&#39;espèce. Dans ce contexte, le Cirad a été sollicité en 2006 afin d&#39;oeuvrer concrètement à la réhabilitation de l&#39;arganeraie, sous la forme d&#39;un projet financé pour une durée de trois ans. Le but de ce projet est d&#39;améliorer, par la recherche appliquée, la qualité de l&#39;arganeraie à travers la production d&#39;arganiers de qualité supérieure issus d&#39;individus sélectionnés. Ceux-ci seront multipliés en masse au moyen des techniques de clonage les plu...

Abstract. In this paper, we present and analyze a framework for selfevolving autonomic services in a wireless nomadic environment. We present a disconnected network architecture, where users mobility is exploited to achieve a scalable behaviour, and communication is based on localized peer-to-peer interactions among neighboring nodes. Service management is achieved by introducing autonomic services, whose operations are based on a distributed evolution process.

• Relatedness among parents, variation in clonal fertility and background pollination deviate the realized genetic gain and the gene diversity of open pollinated seed orchard from expectation, in particular in wind pollinated species such as Pinus pinaster Aiton. • This work investigates the genetic variation, the mating system and the pollen contamination in a P. pinaster clonal seed orchard (CSO), by screening the 60 clones from the CSO and the seeds collected from 21 mother-trees with three nuclear microsatellites. • The expected diversity was similar, but the observed heterozygosity decreased 20% in the progenies compared with the parental trees. The outcrossing rate was 90.1%, the biparental inbreeding 21.7% computed through a multilocus approach, and the observed selfing 3.9%. The observed gene flow from outside the CSO was 52.4%. • From the results we concluded that the observed gene flow and the biparental inbreeding were high, and care should be taken in the implementation and management of future CSO, in particular clones should be checked for relatedness and the ramet number could be directly proportional to their breeding value. • L’apparentement entre parents, la variation de fertilité entre clones et la pollution pollinique font dévier le gain génétique réalisé et la diversité génétique des valeurs attendues en verger à graines de clones à pollinisation libre, en particulier pour une espèce à pollinisation anémophile comme Pinus pinaster Aiton. • Ce travail étudie la variation génétique, le système de reproduction et la contamination du pollen d’un verger à graines de clones (VGC) de P. pinaster, en génotypant les 60 clones du VGC et les graines récoltées sur 21 arbres-mères pour trois marqueurs microsatellites nucléaires. • La diversité attendue s’est révélée similaire mais l’hétérozygotie observée a diminué de 20 % chez les descendants par rapport aux parents. Le taux d’allofécondation était de 90,1 %, la consanguinité biparentale calculée grâce à une approche multilocus était de 21,7 % et le taux d’autofécondation observé était de 52,4 %. • D’après ces résultats, nous avons conclu que les flux de gènes observés et la consanguinité biparentale étaient élevés et que des précautions devaient être prises dans la mise en place et la gestion de futurs VGC, l’apparentement entre clones devrait en particulier être vérifié et le nombre de copies d’un individu pourrait être directement proportionnel à sa valeur génétique.

Selection of superior assamica tea clones with high yielding potential and high catechine contents, was conducted using plant materials of selected mothers bushes from F1 polyclonal seed field with a clone composition of Kiara 8, TRI 777, TRI 2024, TRI 2025, and PS 1. The selected bushes had a minimum 100 g per bush. This research was conducted in Pasir Sarongge Experimental Garden, representing medium elevation and Gambung Experimental Garden, representing high elevation. Experimental design in each location was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Twenty five selected clones were used in this research with one high yielding GMB 7 as a check. Plot contained 15 bushes with plant distant of 120 x 80 cm. Shoot yield were observed in September to November 2010 on six years old plant of third prunning stages with plucking cycle seven days. Catechine content of clone were observed by extracting dry tea shoot in boilling water, followed by deluting in ethyl acetate and HPLC readings. The results showed that in medium elevation clone number of II.32.15 had similar yielding potential with GMB 7 clone with catechine content 16,44%, and at high elevation clones number of II.6.10, III.28.4, III.35.3, and III.36.15 had high yielding potential and catechine content of 15,35%; 16,13%; 16,03%; and 13,14% respectively .

For Julio Cortázar, scored music exhibits the same problematics as language. ‘Clone’ constitutes Cortázar&#x27;s most sustained exposition of this idea. The story abounds in musical versions and performances, denying any access to the putative originary centre of the music of Carlo Gesualdo sought by the group of madrigal singers. At the same time, the singers unconsciously enact events from Gesualdo&#x27;s life, giving a version or performance of a story whose ‘originary truth’ is itself unknowable outside of the (textual) versions of biography. The third level of performance is the text itself. The story&#x27;s epilogue and Cortázar&#x27;s hand-written manuscript of both it and the story reveals ‘Clone’ to be a performance of a textual version of a (musical) version of Bach&#x27;s Musical Offering, further destabilising the notion of an ‘originary’ text/performance. However, the epilogue&#x27;s implications are more far-reaching, with humans emerging as (passive) sites where a mul...

There always exists a field with genetically altered cells with a high risk of developing premalignant and malignant lesions. It may often happen that an individual stem cell is genetically altered and can cause the formation of a clone or a patch which is likely to turn into a tumor. This explains the higher recurrence rates following tumor resections. It is essential to identify and to treat this field in order to have greater chances to prevent cancer and achieve a better outcome. This article reports concepts, theories and markers for the assessment of field cancerization.

The cumulative growth of a tree is the result of genotypic and environmental effects and their interaction. In tree breeding and selection, assessment of genetic effects over time is an important task. To address this, we focused on volume growth of 77 clones of eucalypt hybrids Eucalyptusurophylla×Eucalyptusgrandis measured in a clonal test. A new methodology of growth modeling using B-splines

The issue of security has become a bigger heddle for all telecommunication companies to climb in this era where information hungry customers are increasing daily. Unauthorized users are finding novel ways of accessing information of others and thereby attacking the requisite legitimate users' information accounting to security threats. In this work, two forms of WDM system attacks will be considered. These attacks include a clone source based attack where the adversary tries to replicate the transmitted signal of the legitimate user by transmitting at the same wavelength and power and the different wavelength source based attack where the adversary transmit at a wavelength different from that of the legitimate user thereby creating interaction effects igniting security issues. Finally, a simulation of the outcome will be considered and the resulting output will be analyzed.

OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Northeastern University, May, 2010 3 As a replacement for, or supplement to, the human, the posthuman produces figures that highlight the socially constructed nature of human identity. This dissertation undertakes to demonstrate how several British novelists have used the concept as a supplement or replacement for the human in order to re-imagine the experience of the outsider. It argues that the importance of the posthuman is not its portrayal of a potential utopian or dystopian future or change for the human, but in how the posthuman draws our attention back to how we define ourselves as “human.” Fictional posthuman figures differ from the human both in degree (like clones, whose origins differ from the ordinary) and in kind (like cyborgs, whose prosthetics often mark them as radically different from ordinary humans)....

Organogenesis in vitro in pineapple ‘Red Spanish’ and foliar morpho-anatomy of plants obtained in the process The pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., is a crop of great commercial importance due to the high demand for its fruit; this has led to the search of new methods of propagation in order to accelerate the production of propagules to plant in the field, and among them, we may mention the in vitro culture of buds that can substantially improve the multiplication protocols. In the present research an organogenesis process for cloning ‘Red Spanish’ pineapple was developed using sections of plant leaves to establish the propagation system. To check the organogenic nature of the process, it was conducted anatomical and histological analysis of the plant material growing in vitro. Moreover, it was also evaluated the existence of possible morpho-anatomical variations in leaf structure of the clonal population obtained by the organogenesis process. The results showed direct rhizogene...